{"title":"Direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into self-renewable alveolar epithelial-like cells.","authors":"Atsuho Morita, Makoto Ishii, Takanori Asakura, Masaya Yotsukura, Ahmed E Hegab, Tatsuya Kusumoto, Ho Namkoong, Takunori Ogawa, Yuhki Nakatake, Mayumi Oda, Fumitake Saito, Hirofumi Kamata, Junko Hamamoto, Satoshi Okamori, Toshiki Ebisudani, Hiroyuki Yasuda, Shinya Sugimoto, Yuta Kuze, Masahide Seki, Yutaka Suzuki, Naoki Hasegawa, Hisao Asamura, Hideo Watanabe, Minoru Ko, Toshiro Sato, Masaki Ieda, Koichi Fukunaga","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00411-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00411-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct reprogramming is a breakthrough technology that can alter the fate of cells without the passage of stem cells. However, direct reprogramming of somatic cells into pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the direct reprogramming of mouse tail tips and embryonic fibroblasts into induced pulmonary alveolar epithelial-like cells (iPULs) using four transcription factor-coding genes (Nkx2-1, Foxa1, Foxa2, and Gata6) and three-dimensional culture. The iPULs showed lamellar body-like structures and displayed key properties of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Although the potential for iPULs to morphologically differentiate into alveolar epithelial type 1 cells was limited in vitro, the intratracheal administration of iPULs in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis led to their integration into the alveolar surface, where they formed both alveolar epithelial type 1 and type 2-like cells. Thus, reprogrammed fibroblasts may represent a new source of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells for regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sydney Borcherding, Matthew D Wood, Sai L Pinni, Lauren Schellhardt, Anne E Faust, Marissa N Behun, Clint Skillen, Pooja Chawla, Mangesh Kulkarni, Elena A Demeter, Andrew D Miller, Mark A Mahan, Bryan N Brown, Lorenzo Soletti
{"title":"Prevention of nerve growth and evoked pain with a nerve cap graft device.","authors":"Sydney Borcherding, Matthew D Wood, Sai L Pinni, Lauren Schellhardt, Anne E Faust, Marissa N Behun, Clint Skillen, Pooja Chawla, Mangesh Kulkarni, Elena A Demeter, Andrew D Miller, Mark A Mahan, Bryan N Brown, Lorenzo Soletti","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00416-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00416-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroma following nerve injury and/or amputation is a debilitating condition with significant impacts on quality of life. Several approaches exist to prevent or treat neuroma and/or reduce associated pain; however, these approaches are not consistently effective, facile, or widely accessible. The present study characterizes a xenogeneic nerve cap graft device (NCGD) composed of decellularized porcine nerve. The NCGD was assessed for its ability to inhibit nerve growth, neuroma formation, and pain in rodent models of sciatic neurectomy and tibial neuroma transposition. The NCGD provided a neuroinhibitory substrate that abated and interrupted nerve growth within 5 mm of the nerve stump and was progressively remodeled into healthy host-derived tissue. The NCGD also resulted in a 3.5-fold reduction in evoked pain and a decrease in pain-associated markers at the dorsal root ganglia. These results suggest that the NCGD may provide a simple and widely accessible alternative for prophylactic treatment of symptomatic neuroma.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin A Varholick, Rishi Kondapaneni, Malcolm Maden
{"title":"Spiny mice (Acomys) regenerate wounded whisker pad skin with whisker follicles, muscles, and targeted innervation.","authors":"Justin A Varholick, Rishi Kondapaneni, Malcolm Maden","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00415-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00415-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human skin is repaired by scar formation, lacking hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and targeted innervation. Scarring leads to significant losses in skin functionality. Contrary to humans, spiny mice (Acomys spp.) repair skin via scar-free regeneration, regrowing hair follicles and muscles. However, skin across the body is diverse, and whether Acomys can regenerate specialized skin remains unclear. Here, we report that Acomys regenerated whisker pad skin with whisker follicles (i.e., vibrissae), blood sinuses, sebaceous glands, skeletal muscles, and targeted innervation. In contrast, CD-1 mice (Mus) healed via scarring and poor innervation of the scar. While whisker pad skin regeneration in Acomys was remarkable, only 20% of whiskers regenerated on average, ranging from 0% to 75%. Regenerated axons were bundled in epineurial sheaths, targeting the regenerated whisker, with an average of 75% of the uninjured innervation. This expands our understanding of Acomys skin regeneration and provides novel models for skin regeneration and sensorimotor recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalliopi Arkoudi, Yue Yuan, Antonia Pia Cumine, Carlene Dyer, Elisabeth Busch-Nentwich, Isabel Bravo, Yi Feng, Robert D Knight
{"title":"An NF-kB/TNF-alpha signalling feedback loop acts to coordinate tissue regeneration and macrophage behaviour in zebrafish.","authors":"Kalliopi Arkoudi, Yue Yuan, Antonia Pia Cumine, Carlene Dyer, Elisabeth Busch-Nentwich, Isabel Bravo, Yi Feng, Robert D Knight","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00414-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00414-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory cells are crucial regulators of infection and regeneration that actively migrate to affected tissues. NF-kB and TNF-alpha (TNFα) are master regulators of immune signalling, but their importance for immune cell migration is much less well understood. We have therefore investigated how NF-kB and TNFα regulate both macrophage function and behaviour in vivo using a zebrafish model of tissue repair. We show that NF-kB activity differentially regulates TNFα activity through Tnf receptors 1a and 1b to control macrophage responses to injury. Loss of NF-kB in macrophages results in elevated TNFα expression and results in more directional migration. Impaired NF-kB activity in macrophages perturbs tissue regeneration, causes increased proliferation, altered pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression and delays fin regeneration. We identify a crucial role for NF-kB modulation of TNFα signaling to regulate macrophage responses to tissue injury, which are necessary for effective fin regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeji Du, Skylar A Rizzo, Tiffany L Sarrafian, Monique S Bagwell, Ryan C Mahlberg, Ashley Amontree, Paige Schiebel, Dinah M Tauferner, Zoe S LeBrasseur, Tyra A Witt, Mary Nagel, Kyla A Boyd, Humberto De Vitto, Matthew L Hillestad, Paul G Stalboerger, Matthew T Houdek, Rafael J Sierra, Atta Behfar
{"title":"Engineered BMP2/BMP7 extracellular vesicles induce autocrine BMP release driving SMAD phosphorylation to promote bone formation.","authors":"Zeji Du, Skylar A Rizzo, Tiffany L Sarrafian, Monique S Bagwell, Ryan C Mahlberg, Ashley Amontree, Paige Schiebel, Dinah M Tauferner, Zoe S LeBrasseur, Tyra A Witt, Mary Nagel, Kyla A Boyd, Humberto De Vitto, Matthew L Hillestad, Paul G Stalboerger, Matthew T Houdek, Rafael J Sierra, Atta Behfar","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00405-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00405-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, impaired bone healing impacts ~600,000 patients annually. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) therapy is impeded by low bone quality and adverse effects. Here, mesenchymal stem cells, engineered to produce BMP2 and BMP2/7 containing extracellular vesicles (BMP2-EV and BMP2/7-EV), provided an alternative means of stimulating bone formation. BMP2-EV and BMP2/7-EV drove increased calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity; with increase in osterix, RUNX2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin documenting osteoblast differentiation. BMP2/7-EV induced SMAD phosphorylation and calcium deposition, was inhibited by DMH1, a BMP I receptor inhibitor, demonstrating BMP receptor dependence. BMP2 and BMP7 extracellular vesicle encapsulation was confirmed with preserved potency following treatment with BMP antagonist, Noggin. Application of BMP2/7-EV in a rat calvarial defect model demonstrated enhanced bone formation on micro-computed tomography and histopathologic analysis, equaling rhBMP2. BMP2/7-EV mediated bone formation here highlights EVs as a unique modality for delivery of tailored polyvalent regenerative biotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binxu Yin, Changhao Yu, Yang Liu, Hao Cai, Wencheng Wu, Tingting Ye, Lei Wang, Lujia Xiao, Yi Zhu, Huaijuan Guo, Kun Zhang, Heng Wang
{"title":"Genetic compensation response contributes to Pleurodeles waltl limb regeneration.","authors":"Binxu Yin, Changhao Yu, Yang Liu, Hao Cai, Wencheng Wu, Tingting Ye, Lei Wang, Lujia Xiao, Yi Zhu, Huaijuan Guo, Kun Zhang, Heng Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00417-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00417-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hippo-Yap/Taz pathway is essential for tissue regeneration in multiple species. However, we found that in the highly regenerative salamanders, Yap knockout does not compromise the limb regeneration due to genetic compensation response (GCR). Specifically, the mutated Yap locus derived non-sense mRNA, which was recognized by UPF3A to instruct compensatory Taz induction. Blocking Yap mRNA or protein indeed inhibits regeneration. GCR could be utilized to maintain the robustness of limb regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidheesh Dadheech, Mario Bermúdez de León, Zofia Czarnecka, Nerea Cuesta-Gomez, Ila Tewari Jasra, Rena Pawlick, Braulio Marfil-Garza, Sandhya Sapkota, Kevin Verhoeff, Haide Razavy, Perveen Anwar, Abhineet Singh, Nilanjan Ray, Doug O' Gorman, Glen Jickling, James Lyon, Patrick MacDonald, A M James Shapiro
{"title":"Scale up manufacturing approach for production of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived islets using Vertical Wheel® bioreactors.","authors":"Nidheesh Dadheech, Mario Bermúdez de León, Zofia Czarnecka, Nerea Cuesta-Gomez, Ila Tewari Jasra, Rena Pawlick, Braulio Marfil-Garza, Sandhya Sapkota, Kevin Verhoeff, Haide Razavy, Perveen Anwar, Abhineet Singh, Nilanjan Ray, Doug O' Gorman, Glen Jickling, James Lyon, Patrick MacDonald, A M James Shapiro","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00409-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00409-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced protocols show potential for human stem cells (SC)-derived islets generation under planar (2D) alone or three-dimensional (3D) cultures, but show challenges in scalability, cell loss, and batch-to-batch consistency. This study explores Vertical Wheel (VW)® bioreactor suspension technology to differentiate islets from human induced pluripotent stem cells, achieving uniform, transcriptionally mature, and functional SC-islets. A 5x increase in scale from 0.1 L to 0.5 L reactors resulted in a 12-fold (15,005-183,002) increase in islet equivalent count (IEQ) without compromising islet structure. SC-islets show enriched β-cell composition (~63% CPPT<sup>+</sup>NKX6.1<sup>+</sup>ISL1<sup>+</sup>), glucose responsive insulin release (3.9-6.1-fold increase), and reversed diabetes in STZ-treated mice. Single cell RNA sequencing and flowcytometry analysis confirmed transcriptional maturity and functional identity, similar to adult islets. Lastly, harvested SC-islet grafts demonstrate improved islet functionality and mature transcriptomic signatures. Overall, scale-up in VW® bioreactor technology enhances IEQ yield with minimal variability and reduced cell loss, offering a pathway for clinical-grade SC-islet production.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Mohammed Musheer Aalam, Ana Rita Varela, Aalim Khaderi, Ronsard J Mondesir, Dong-Gi Mun, Andrew Ding, Isabelle M A Lombaert, Rob P Coppes, Chitra Priya Emperumal, Akhilesh Pandey, Jeffrey R Janus, Nagarajan Kannan
{"title":"Establishment of salivary tissue-organoid biorepository: characterizing salivary gland stem/progenitor cells and novel differentiation marker PSMA/FOLH1.","authors":"Syed Mohammed Musheer Aalam, Ana Rita Varela, Aalim Khaderi, Ronsard J Mondesir, Dong-Gi Mun, Andrew Ding, Isabelle M A Lombaert, Rob P Coppes, Chitra Priya Emperumal, Akhilesh Pandey, Jeffrey R Janus, Nagarajan Kannan","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00410-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41536-025-00410-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The salivary gland (SG) is vital for oral function and overall health through secretion of saliva. However salivary dysfunction due to aging, medications, autoimmune disorders, and cancer treatments poses significant challenges. We established the first diverse and clinically annotated salivary regenerative biobank at Mayo Clinic to study salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (SGSPCs). Optimization of cell isolation and progenitor assays revealed SGSPCs enriched within the CD24/EpCAM/CD49f+ and PSMA- phenotypes of both submandibular and parotid glands, with clonal differentiation assays highlighting heterogeneity. Induction of PSMA/FOLH1 expression was associated with SGSPC differentiation. Using mass spectrometry-based single cell proteomics, we identified 2461 proteins in SGSPC-enriched cells, including co-expressed cytokeratins, expressed in rare salivary ductal basal cells. Additionally, PRDX, a unique class of peroxiredoxin peroxidases enriched in SGSPCs, demonstrated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-dependent growth, suggesting a role in salivary homeostasis. These findings provide a foundation for SGSPC research and potential regenerative therapies for salivary gland dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuronal activation in the axolotl brain promotes tail regeneration.","authors":"S E Walker, K Yu, S Burgess, K Echeverri","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00413-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41536-025-00413-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The axolotl retains a remarkable capacity for regenerative repair and is one of the few vertebrate species capable of regenerating its brain and spinal cord after injury. To date, studies investigating axolotl spinal cord regeneration have placed particular emphasis on understanding how cells immediately adjacent to the injury site respond to damage to promote regenerative repair. How neurons outside of this immediate injury site respond to an injury remains unknown. Here, we identify a population of dpErk<sup>+</sup>/etv1<sup>+</sup> glutamatergic neurons in the axolotl telencephalon that are activated in response to injury and are essential for tail regeneration. Furthermore, these neurons project to the hypothalamus where they upregulate the neuropeptide neurotensin in response to injury. Together, these findings identify a unique population of neurons in the axolotl brain whose activation is necessary for successful tail regeneration, and sheds light on how neurons outside of the immediate injury site respond to an injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annemarie Lang, Emily A Eastburn, Mousa Younesi, Madhura P Nijsure, Carly Siciliano, Annapurna Pranatharthi Haran, Christopher J Panebianco, Elizabeth Seidl, Rui Tang, Eben Alsberg, Nick J Willett, Riccardo Gottardi, Dongeun Huh, Joel D Boerckel
{"title":"CYR61 delivery promotes angiogenesis during bone fracture repair.","authors":"Annemarie Lang, Emily A Eastburn, Mousa Younesi, Madhura P Nijsure, Carly Siciliano, Annapurna Pranatharthi Haran, Christopher J Panebianco, Elizabeth Seidl, Rui Tang, Eben Alsberg, Nick J Willett, Riccardo Gottardi, Dongeun Huh, Joel D Boerckel","doi":"10.1038/s41536-025-00398-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41536-025-00398-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compromised vascular supply and insufficient neovascularization impede bone repair, increasing risk of non-union. CYR61, Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer of 61kD (also known as CCN1), is a matricellular growth factor that has been implicated in fracture repair. Here, we map the distribution of endogenous CYR61 during bone repair and evaluate the effects of recombinant CYR61 delivery on vascularized bone regeneration. In vitro, CYR61 treatment did not alter chondrogenesis or osteogenic gene expression, but significantly enhanced angiogenesis. In a mouse femoral fracture model, CYR61 delivery did not alter cartilage or bone formation, but accelerated neovascularization during fracture repair. Early initiation of ambulatory mechanical loading disrupted CYR61-induced neovascularization. Together, these data indicate that CYR61 delivery can enhance angiogenesis during bone repair, particularly for fractures with stable fixation, and may have therapeutic potential for fractures with limited blood vessel supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":54236,"journal":{"name":"npj Regenerative Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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