Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Differential Insular Cortex Activation During Reward Anticipation in Major Depressive Disorder With and Without Anxiety","authors":"Xi Ren,&nbsp;Evan J. White,&nbsp;Rayus Kuplicki,&nbsp;Martin P. Paulus,&nbsp;Maria Ironside,&nbsp;Robin L. Aupperle,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anticipation involves preparatory resource allocation to optimize upcoming responses, linked to insular cortex function. Although individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) show impairments in anticipatory processing and blunted insula activation, it is unclear whether this pattern holds across MDD with comorbid anxiety disorders (MDD+ANX) and MDD without comorbid anxiety disorders. The monetary incentive delay (MID) task, combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided electroencephalography (EEG) source localization, offers a robust approach to study anticipatory mechanisms in MDD subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with MDD (<em>n</em> = 53) or MDD+ANX (<em>n</em> = 108) and healthy control participants (CTLs; <em>n</em> = 38) completed the MID task during simultaneous EEG–MRI recording. Stimulus-preceding negativity event-related potentials were source localized to identify insular cortical activity differences across groups (MDD, MDD+ANX, CTL), sex (male, female), MID task conditions (gain, loss), hemisphere (left, right), and 6 insular subregions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Behavioral performance revealed that the CTL group reacted faster than the MDD+ANX group in both gain and loss conditions (<em>p</em> = .03). Insular source analysis showed lower activity in the MDD+ANX (<em>p</em> &lt; .001) and MDD (<em>p</em> = .06) groups than in the CTL group during gain anticipation and lower activity in the MDD+ANX group than in both CTL (<em>p</em> = .003) and MDD (<em>p</em> &lt; .001) groups during loss anticipation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results highlight potential intervention targets for improving anticipatory deficits in MDD+ANX. The MDD+ANX group exhibited distinctive patterns of insular cortical activity, with lower activity during the anticipation of both gain and loss feedback than the CTL and MDD groups, suggesting significant neural alterations. Moreover, in the MDD+ANX group, higher anxiety severity was linked to increased insula activity during loss anticipation, indicating a specific neural correlate of anxiety in this comorbid condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 780-789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00163-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00163-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Page A1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148574216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Stimulation Landscape Hypothesis: GABAergic Tone as the Substrate of Individual Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Response","authors":"Chenyang (Leo) Lin,&nbsp;Robert M.G. Reinhart","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 767-769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pretreatment Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation Moderates Outcomes of Exposure-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Anxiety","authors":"Dana E. Díaz,&nbsp;Luke J. Norman,&nbsp;Stefanie R. Russman Block,&nbsp;Ann Iturra-Mena,&nbsp;K. Luan Phan,&nbsp;Christopher S. Monk,&nbsp;Kate D. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pediatric anxiety targets heightened emotional sensitivity and impaired cognitive control over emotion, core neurocognitive features of anxiety. Exposure is considered the most active component of CBT, but its efficacy varies. Pretreatment function of substrates for emotion processing and cognitive control may predict response to exposure relative to other CBT subcomponents, such as relaxation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Youth with clinical anxiety (<em>N</em> = 118, 7–17 years) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging task probing emotion processing and cognitive control and then were randomized to 12 sessions of exposure-focused CBT (EF-CBT) or relaxation management training (RMT). Voxelwise linear mixed-effects models tested how pretreatment whole-brain activation was associated with symptom reduction over the course of treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EF-CBT led to greater symptom reduction than RMT. Better EF-CBT response was predicted by lower pretreatment activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during emotion processing and in the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobe during cognitive control of emotion. Conversely, these patterns were associated with poorer outcomes of RMT. Direct comparisons revealed that EF-CBT was more effective than RMT for youth with low and mean activation in all regions, but not high activation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>EF-CBT outperformed RMT for youth with low-to-mean activation in regions supporting emotional appraisal, cognitive control, and threat attention, indicating that these patterns may be biomarkers of exposure readiness. Conversely, high activation in these regions did not confer differential benefit and may reflect hypervigilance or overcontrol that could interfere with exposure-based learning. These findings support the value of preparatory interventions to optimize treatment readiness and personalize delivery of exposure-based CBT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 802-811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subscribers' Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00164-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(26)00164-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Page A2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148574217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Past and Current Use of Oral Contraceptives and Fear Regulation","authors":"Lisa-Marie Davignon,&nbsp;Alexandra Brouillard,&nbsp;Sean Devine,&nbsp;Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel,&nbsp;Mathieu Roy,&nbsp;Marie-France Marin","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low endogenous estradiol (E2) levels can occur naturally during menstruation or through oral contraceptive (OC) use. Such low levels have been suggested as vulnerability factors for impaired fear extinction memory recall. Although hormonal contraceptives have been linked to enduring psychological outcomes, their possible long-term relevance for extinction memory remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we aimed to replicate findings linking OC use with altered extinction recall and to examine potential long-term associations and neural correlates. To do so, a validated fear protocol (day 1: fear conditioning, extinction learning; day 2: extinction recall, fear renewal) was administered to 147 healthy adults. Psychophysiological (skin conductance responses [SCRs]) and neural between-group differences were examined across the protocol using 2 types of groupings: 1) E2-based groups (men, current OC users, women in the early follicular phase, women in the preovulatory phase) and 2) OC history–based groups (men, current OC users, never OC users, past OC users).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During extinction recall, higher SCRs were found in current OC users relative to preovulatory women (grouping 1) and never users (grouping 2). Among current OC users, SCRs during extinction recall correlated with hippocampus, dorsal-rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activations. Exploratory analyses revealed that past OC users who were in the early follicular phase exhibited SCRs as high as current users.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight impaired extinction recall in current OC users, with vmPFC, ACC, and hippocampal involvement. Past OC use may carry lasting associations with fear dysregulation, particularly under low-E2 states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 843-852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopamine Bidirectionally Biases Incentive and Aversive Salience in Humans","authors":"Ernest Mas-Herrero,&nbsp;Laura Ferreri,&nbsp;Pablo Ripollés,&nbsp;Marta Valle,&nbsp;Jordi Riba,&nbsp;Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dopamine is central to reward-driven motivation, but its contribution to aversive salience remains unclear. Dysregulation of this balance may underlie psychiatric disorders characterized by compulsive reward seeking and insensitivity to negative outcomes. We tested whether acute upregulation or downregulation of dopaminergic signaling differentially biases the salience of reward- versus loss-predicting cues in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design, 27 healthy adults completed a monetary incentive delay task under 3 pharmacological conditions: dopaminergic enhancement (levodopa 100 mg + carbidopa 25 mg), dopamine blockade (risperidone 2 mg), and placebo. Reaction times and skin conductance responses (SCRs) indexed behavioral and physiological salience to cues predicting monetary gains or losses of high or low magnitude.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Under levodopa, SCRs showed stronger scaling with reward than with loss magnitude (i.e., monetary amount), and participants were slower to avoid small losses, consistent with a shift toward incentive over aversive salience. Conversely, risperidone enhanced SCR sensitivity to losses relative to rewards and slowed responses to small gains, indicating a preferential weighting of aversive over incentive cues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These drug-induced bidirectional shifts indicate that dopaminergic tone operates as a valence-dependent salience regulator, prioritizing gain- versus loss-predicting cues. Dysregulation of this calibration, as in addiction, may simultaneously amplify cue-triggered wanting, while blunting sensitivity to adverse consequences, thereby promoting compulsive use despite harm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 875-883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal Contraception and the Brain: Bridging a Gap in Steroid Neuropharmacology","authors":"Andrew M. Novick,&nbsp;C. Neill Epperson","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 765-766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-State Cortical Network and Subcortical Hyperconnectivity in Youth With Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the ABCD Study","authors":"Sam A. Sievertsen,&nbsp;Jinhan Zhu,&nbsp;Angela Fang,&nbsp;Jennifer K. Forsyth","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently emerges during childhood or adolescence, yet few studies have examined functional connectivity differences in youth with GAD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of adults with GAD have implicated multiple brain regions; however, frequent examination of individual brain seed regions and/or networks has limited a holistic view of GAD-associated differences. The current study therefore used resting-state fMRI data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to investigate connectivity in youths with GAD across multiple cortical networks and subcortical regions implicated in adult GAD, considering diagnosis changes across 2 assessment periods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 164 youths with GAD and 3158 healthy control participants, within- and between-network connectivity for 6 cortical networks and 6 subcortical regions was assessed using linear mixed-effect models. Changes in GAD-associated connectivity between baseline and 2-year follow-up were then compared for participants with continuous GAD, GAD at baseline and not follow-up (GAD remitters), and GAD at follow-up and not baseline (GAD converters) versus control participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Youths with GAD showed greater within–ventral attention network (VAN) connectivity and hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and cingulo-opercular network and between striatal regions and the cingulo-opercular, default mode, and salience networks (false discovery rate <em>p</em> &lt; .05). Within-VAN connectivity decreased for GAD remitters between baseline and follow-up. Sensitivity analyses revealed that these hyperconnectivity patterns were not observed in youths with major depressive disorder (<em>n</em> = 19), separation anxiety (<em>n</em> = 33), or social anxiety disorder (<em>n</em> = 111) who did not have GAD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results indicate that GAD in childhood and adolescence is associated with altered subcortical to cortical network connectivity and that within-VAN hyperconnectivity, in particular, is associated with clinically significant GAD-specific symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 770-779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12991478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrant White Matter Microstructure in Youth at High Risk for Bipolar Disorder","authors":"Haoran Xu,&nbsp;Lu Lu,&nbsp;Corey R. Jones,&nbsp;Luis R. Patino,&nbsp;Xiao Li,&nbsp;Thomas J. Blom,&nbsp;Lisha Zhang,&nbsp;Qiyong Gong,&nbsp;Manpreet K. Singh,&nbsp;Melissa P. DelBello","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Advances in neuroimaging of bipolar disorder (BD) have highlighted key structural and functional abnormalities in prefrontal-limbic circuits. Youth with a family history of BD often experience early onset of mood symptoms that may increase their risk for developing BD. However, the etiologic mechanisms underlying this risk remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify white matter connectivity abnormalities by comparing regional microstructure in high-risk youth and healthy control (HC) participants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Youths with depression and/or anxiety (<em>n</em> = 108, mean age [SD] = 14.9 [1.6] years) with a family history of BD but no prior antidepressant exposure and matched HC youths (<em>n</em> = 45, age = 14.8 [1.6] years) were recruited at 2 sites. Automated fiber quantification using diffusion tensor imaging was used to calculate the diffusion properties of fiber tracks and identify microstructural abnormalities. Correlations between clinical ratings and diffusion properties that differed between groups were examined in high-risk youths.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The high-risk group showed higher fractional anisotropy in anterior thalamic radiation and corticospinal, higher axial diffusivity in anterior thalamic radiation, lower mean diffusivity in corticospinal, and lower radial diffusivity in corticospinal and callosum forceps minor compared with the HC group (familywise error–corrected <em>p</em> &lt; .05). Significant positive correlations between regional microstructural metrics and both the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale were observed in high-risk youths (false discovery rate–corrected <em>p</em> &lt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Compared with the HC group, youths at risk for BD had altered integrity in the white matter of the callosum forceps minor, anterior thalamic radiation, and corticospinal tracts. Damage to these tracts may be a structural basis for impaired emotional regulation in high-risk youth and a potential target for early intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 7","pages":"Pages 884-893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}