Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Enzymatic oxidation strategies in natural product biosynthesis and potential applications for organic synthesis","authors":"Zhou Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqi Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidizing enzymes are indispensable in organic synthesis, enabling transformations with unparalleled selectivity under mild conditions. This review highlights recent advances in the discovery, engineering, and synthetic application of four key oxidoreductase classes: oxygenases, dehydrogenases, oxidases, and peroxidases. We discuss strategies to overcome native enzyme limitations—including protein engineering, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and chemical mechanism-guided repurposing—and showcase their integration into multi-enzyme cascades and chemo-enzymatic platforms. By leveraging computational design and hybrid photochemical/electrochemical systems, enzymatic oxidation is poised to address long-standing challenges in C–H functionalization and offer versatile, scalable routes to high-value chemicals.</div></div><div>Oxidizing enzymes are indispensable in organic synthesis, enabling transformations with unparalleled selectivity under mild conditions. This review highlights recent advances in the discovery, engineering, and synthetic application of four key oxidoreductase classes: oxygenases, dehydrogenases, oxidases, and peroxidases. We discuss strategies to overcome native enzyme limitations—including protein engineering, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and chemical mechanism-guided repurposing—and showcase their integration into multi-enzyme cascades and chemo-enzymatic platforms. By leveraging computational design and hybrid photochemical/electrochemical systems, enzymatic oxidation is poised to address long-standing challenges in C–H functionalization and offer versatile, scalable routes to high-value chemicals.</div>","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148737566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing water in photochemical synthesis: Organization, confinement, and sustainable reactivity","authors":"Haya Khan,&nbsp;Subhabrata Sen,&nbsp;Ludovic Gremaud","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photochemical synthesis enables bond construction with exceptional spatiotemporal control under mild and energy-efficient conditions. When performed in water, these advantages are amplified, offering a genuinely sustainable reaction platform. Although aqueous media have traditionally constrained photochemical scope, recent advances in reaction engineering, catalytic design, and reactor technologies have rapidly expanded accessible transformations. This review highlights progress in micellar photocatalysis, aquaphotocatalysis, and photoenzymatic/biohybrid systems, illustrating how water actively shapes reactivity through polarity, interfacial organization, and proximity effects. Together with developments in flow chemistry and automation, these approaches position aqueous photochemistry as a versatile and scalable paradigm for future green synthesis.</div></div><div>Photochemical synthesis enables bond construction with exceptional spatiotemporal control under mild and energy-efficient conditions. When performed in water, these advantages are amplified, offering a genuinely sustainable reaction platform. Although aqueous media have traditionally constrained photochemical scope, recent advances in reaction engineering, catalytic design, and reactor technologies have rapidly expanded accessible transformations. This review highlights progress in micellar photocatalysis, aquaphotocatalysis, and photoenzymatic/biohybrid systems, illustrating how water actively shapes reactivity through polarity, interfacial organization, and proximity effects. Together with developments in flow chemistry and automation, these approaches position aqueous photochemistry as a versatile and scalable paradigm for future green synthesis.</div>","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148636199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Torrefaction for biofuel enhancement and solid biofuels: Process optimisation and characterisation","authors":"Sophie M. Gibbons,&nbsp;Amthal Al-Gailani","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Torrefaction is increasingly recognised as a promising thermochemical pre-treatment for upgrading low-grade biomass into coal-like solid biofuels with improved energy density, hydrophobicity, grindability, and storage stability. This review focuses on recent advances in torrefaction processes, fuel-property enhancement, process optimisation, and scale-up. Conventional dry torrefaction remains the most established route; at the same time, emerging methods such as hydrothermal carbonisation, oxidative torrefaction and superheated steam offer opportunities to improve feedstock flexibility, heat transfer, reaction kinetics, and product quality. Torrefaction generally increases higher heating value, energy densification, and fixed carbon content, and reduces moisture and volatile matter; however, these benefits are often accompanied by reduced mass yield and ash concentration. Recent optimisation studies, using response surface methodology and analysis of variance, have improved understanding of parameter interactions and feedstock-specific operating windows. Despite this progress, large-scale deployment remains limited by feedstock variability, non-uniform heat transfer, atmosphere control, and continuous feeding challenges.</div></div><div>Torrefaction is increasingly recognised as a promising thermochemical pre-treatment for upgrading low-grade biomass into coal-like solid biofuels with improved energy density, hydrophobicity, grindability, and storage stability. This review focuses on recent advances in torrefaction processes, fuel-property enhancement, process optimisation, and scale-up. Conventional dry torrefaction remains the most established route; at the same time, emerging methods such as hydrothermal carbonisation, oxidative torrefaction and superheated steam offer opportunities to improve feedstock flexibility, heat transfer, reaction kinetics, and product quality. Torrefaction generally increases higher heating value, energy densification, and fixed carbon content, and reduces moisture and volatile matter; however, these benefits are often accompanied by reduced mass yield and ash concentration. Recent optimisation studies, using response surface methodology and analysis of variance, have improved understanding of parameter interactions and feedstock-specific operating windows. Despite this progress, large-scale deployment remains limited by feedstock variability, non-uniform heat transfer, atmosphere control, and continuous feeding challenges.</div>","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148636196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and challenges for the synthesis of organoboron compounds in water","authors":"Angélica V. Moro,&nbsp;Diogo S. Lüdtke","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101084","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Organoboron compounds are key to academy and industry, however still largely rely on the use of unsustainable organic solvents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;The transitioning from organic to more sustainable solvents has appeared, mainly for the of the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Less attention has been paid to the development of more sustainable methods for the synthesis of organoboron compounds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Herein are presented the advances for the synthesis of organoboron compounds in water as the solvent.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Organoboron chemistry plays a central role in modern organic synthesis with direct impact in academy and pharmaceutical industry, where the Suzuki–Miyaura stands out as the most popular reaction. Considering the increasing demand for environmentally more sustainable practices, the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction has evolved and considerable effort has been devoted to transitioning this reaction from traditional organic solvents to water and reducing the amount of palladium used. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the development of more sustainable methodologies for the synthesis of the requisite organoboron starting materials. This review highlights advances in the development of organoboron chemistry in water, focusing on three key areas: (i) borylation of aryldiazonium salts, (ii) Miyaura borylation, and (iii) emerging strategies for hydroboration of alkynes. These approaches demonstrate that water can serve not only as a benign solvent but also as a unique reaction medium that enables new reactivity and improved sustainability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Organoboron chemistry plays a central role in modern organic synthesis with direct impact in academy and pharmaceutical industry, where the Suzuki–Miyaura stands out as the most popular reaction. Considering the increasing demand for environmentally more sustainable practices, the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction has evolved and considerable effort has been devoted to transitioning this reaction from traditional organic solvents to water and reducing the amount of palladium used. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the development of more sustainable methodologies for the synthesis of the requisite organoboron starting materials. This review highlights advances in the development of organoboron chemistry in water, focusing on three key areas: (i) borylation of aryldiazonium salts, (ii) Miyaura borylation, and (iii) emerging strategies for hydroboration of alkynes. These approaches demonstrate that water can serve not only as a benign solvent but also as a unique reaction medium that enables new reactivity and improved sustainability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Download: &lt;span&gt;Download high-res image (148KB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Download: &lt;span&gt;Download full-size imag","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101084"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148636197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and processing of π-conjugated derivatives in aqueous media: Introducing sustainability in printed electronics","authors":"Martina Crosta,&nbsp;Francesca Pallini,&nbsp;Sara Mattiello,&nbsp;Luca Beverina","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability in the synthesis and processing of organic semiconductors is becoming increasingly important as the field progresses from fundamental research to technological deployment. Volatile organic solvents dominate the environmental footprint of both laboratory-scale and industrial production, significantly increasing hazardous waste generation. Substituting these solvents with water dramatically reduces environmental impact while enabling new reactivity modes and formulation strategies. Recent developments demonstrate that water is not only a benign solvent for synthetic chemistry but also a robust medium for preparing stable, printable, and device-compatible inks of conjugated materials. This review highlights advances in aqueous-phase synthesis as well as modern aqueous processing routes such as surfactant-stabilized dispersions, hydrotropic systems, and self-emulsifying conjugated polymers. These approaches illustrate how water can serve as a unifying platform for high-performance and environmentally responsible printed electronics.</div></div><div>Sustainability in the synthesis and processing of organic semiconductors is becoming increasingly important as the field progresses from fundamental research to technological deployment. Volatile organic solvents dominate the environmental footprint of both laboratory-scale and industrial production, significantly increasing hazardous waste generation. Substituting these solvents with water dramatically reduces environmental impact while enabling new reactivity modes and formulation strategies. Recent developments demonstrate that water is not only a benign solvent for synthetic chemistry but also a robust medium for preparing stable, printable, and device-compatible inks of conjugated materials. This review highlights advances in aqueous-phase synthesis as well as modern aqueous processing routes such as surfactant-stabilized dispersions, hydrotropic systems, and self-emulsifying conjugated polymers. These approaches illustrate how water can serve as a unifying platform for high-performance and environmentally responsible printed electronics.</div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (261KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div>","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148636200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A holistic review of waste-to-energy multigeneration systems for biofuels and co-products","authors":"Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida Okta Arifianti,&nbsp;Maria Fernanda Rojas Michaga,&nbsp;Karim Rabea,&nbsp;Stavros Michailos","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101082","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Waste-to-energy systems increasingly co-produce power, heat, cooling, and fuels.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gasification remains the leading conversion technology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Feedstock selection strongly affects system performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Carbon capture improves sustainability at a reasonable cost premium.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Waste-to-energy (WtE) systems are increasingly studies due to rising waste generation, limited landfill capacity, and demand for low carbon energy. Unlike single output systems, multigeneration systems convert biomass or waste into multiple products electricity, heat, cooling, hydrogen and biofuels. This review summarises recent techno-economic and environmental assessments of such systems focusing on integrated waste- and biomass-to-energy pathways. The literature shows a shift from simple waste-to-power systems towards highly integrated configurations combining gasification, combustion, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestions combined with bottoming cycles, fuel cells, refrigeration systems, fuel production and carbon capture. These systems improve resource utilisation and wate heat recovery but increase complexity and cost. Overall, multigeneration systems offer strong potential for improving efficiency and sustainability through process integration and product diversification. Future work should prioritise dynamic modelling under variable waste conditions, standardised techno-economic assumptions and improved integration of circular economy and supply chain considerations to ensure scalability and deployment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Waste-to-energy (WtE) systems are increasingly studies due to rising waste generation, limited landfill capacity, and demand for low carbon energy. Unlike single output systems, multigeneration systems convert biomass or waste into multiple products electricity, heat, cooling, hydrogen and biofuels. This review summarises recent techno-economic and environmental assessments of such systems focusing on integrated waste- and biomass-to-energy pathways. The literature shows a shift from simple waste-to-power systems towards highly integrated configurations combining gasification, combustion, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestions combined with bottoming cycles, fuel cells, refrigeration systems, fuel production and carbon capture. These systems improve resource utilisation and wate heat recovery but increase complexity and cost. Overall, multigeneration systems offer strong potential for improving efficiency and sustainability through process integration and product diversification. Future work should prioritise dynamic modelling under variable waste conditions, standardised techno-economic assumptions and improved integration of circular economy and supply chain considerations to ensure scalability and deployment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;s","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148635631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards sustainable chemical and biocatalytic synthesis through machine learning-supported experimental decision-making","authors":"Eunjae Shim,&nbsp;Alison R.H. Narayan","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>ML is making strides in facilitating experiment selection under various problems in organic synthesis.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>When trained on a dataset spanning multiple substrates and reaction conditions/enzymes, ML can prioritize effective conditions/enzymes for a new substrate.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Closed-loop ML can streamline reaction optimization and directed evolution.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>ML can help design a successful parallel library, enhancing molecular discovery.</div></span></li></ul></div><div><div>Machine learning (ML) has gained considerable attention across scientific fields, including organic synthesis and biocatalysis. With the potential to achieve more resource-efficient and sustainable reaction development through reducing experimental burden, the motivation to embrace ML to support decision-making is high. To enhance ML's utility, the dataset and ML approach need to be designed to align well with the goal of a given experiment. This article reviews recent advances in ML for small molecule methods and biocatalysis by categorizing the types of problems in organic synthesis. By comparing the forefront of both fields, we identify opportunities, such as dataset design strategies, as well as research directions to further facilitate the incorporation of ML in both small molecule reactions and biocatalysis.</div></div><div>Machine learning (ML) has gained considerable attention across scientific fields, including organic synthesis and biocatalysis. With the potential to achieve more resource-efficient and sustainable reaction development through reducing experimental burden, the motivation to embrace ML to support decision-making is high. To enhance ML's utility, the dataset and ML approach need to be designed to align well with the goal of a given experiment. This article reviews recent advances in ML for small molecule methods and biocatalysis by categorizing the types of problems in organic synthesis. By comparing the forefront of both fields, we identify opportunities, such as dataset design strategies, as well as research directions to further facilitate the incorporation of ML in both small molecule reactions and biocatalysis.</div>","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148736953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts for advanced biofuels production","authors":"Adrian Chun Minh Loy,&nbsp;Kok Bing Tan,&nbsp;Sajid Ali,&nbsp;Cai Shen,&nbsp;Ling-Zhi Cheong","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101085","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Biomass-derived catalysts are sustainable and competitive with commercial catalysts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Biomass-derived single-atom and MOF catalysts offer cost-effective, high-performance platforms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Advanced drop-in biofuels are key to future energy systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Challenges remain in scalability, feedstock variability, water content, and impurities in biomass.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Biomass-to-renewable fuel conversion is increasingly recognised as a cornerstone of global decarbonisation strategies. However, its large-scale deployment remains constrained by feedstock heterogeneity, catalyst cost, and inefficient downstream processing. Recent advances in biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts offer a compelling pathway to address these bottlenecks by enabling cost-effective, recyclable, and structurally tunable catalytic systems. Emerging biochar-derived materials, including metal-functionalised acidic catalysts, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), single-atom catalysts (SACs), and tunable bifunctional acid-base catalysts, which demonstrate enhanced activity, selectivity, and tolerance towards complex biomass feedstocks. Concurrently, innovations in hierarchical structuring, defect engineering, and heteroatom doping enable precise control over catalytic interfaces and reaction pathways. Beyond catalyst design, the integration of these systems within circular biorefinery frameworks and process intensification strategies is gaining traction to produce sustainable drop-in fuels. This work highlights these recent breakthroughs and outlines key directions toward the development of robust, scalable, and economically viable technologies for next-generation renewable biofuel production.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Biomass-to-renewable fuel conversion is increasingly recognised as a cornerstone of global decarbonisation strategies. However, its large-scale deployment remains constrained by feedstock heterogeneity, catalyst cost, and inefficient downstream processing. Recent advances in biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts offer a compelling pathway to address these bottlenecks by enabling cost-effective, recyclable, and structurally tunable catalytic systems. Emerging biochar-derived materials, including metal-functionalised acidic catalysts, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), single-atom catalysts (SACs), and tunable bifunctional acid-base catalysts, which demonstrate enhanced activity, selectivity, and tolerance towards complex biomass feedstocks. Concurrently, innovations in hierarchical structuring, defect engineering, and heteroatom doping enable precise control over catalytic interfaces and reaction pathways. Beyond catalyst design, the integration of these systems within circular biorefinery frameworks and process intensification strategies is gaining traction to produce sustainable drop-in fuels.","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148636198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting responsible and sustainable processes by exploiting aqueous azeotropes","authors":"Federica Valentini,&nbsp;Francesco Ferlin,&nbsp;Luigi Vaccaro","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among alternatives to the large volumes of organic solvents commonly employed in organic synthesis, water is particularly appealing owing to its safety, non-toxicity, and abundance. Even more so when water is used in combination with a precise ratio of organic solvent, the resulting azeotrope can be considered a strategic tool for transitioning toward a more responsible and sustainable chemical production. Recent literature discussed herein highlights the role of aqueous azeotropes in the production of chemicals and materials, as well as in the design of waste–minimization processes and waste valorization approaches. Indeed, azeotropic distillation offers several advantages, including reduced energy costs, improved synthetic protocols, and high yield while minimizing by-product formation, thereby facilitating purification. Moreover, the use of azeotropes facilitates the recovery and reuse of reaction media and unreacted materials, thereby minimizing waste.</div></div><div>Among alternatives to the large volumes of organic solvents commonly employed in organic synthesis, water is particularly appealing owing to its safety, non-toxicity, and abundance. Even more so when water is used in combination with a precise ratio of organic solvent, the resulting azeotrope can be considered a strategic tool for transitioning toward a more responsible and sustainable chemical production. Recent literature discussed herein highlights the role of aqueous azeotropes in the production of chemicals and materials, as well as in the design of waste–minimization processes and waste valorization approaches. Indeed, azeotropic distillation offers several advantages, including reduced energy costs, improved synthetic protocols, and high yield while minimizing by-product formation, thereby facilitating purification. Moreover, the use of azeotropes facilitates the recovery and reuse of reaction media and unreacted materials, thereby minimizing waste.</div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (302KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div>","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148657811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid bioenergy systems: Integration strategies and future perspectives","authors":"Abrar Inayat ,&nbsp;Sara Asad ,&nbsp;Farrukh Jamil ,&nbsp;Suzana Yusup ,&nbsp;Nor Adilla Rashidi","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsc.2026.101073","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Integrated pathways valorise by-products as valuable resources instead of waste.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Integrated biomass conversion boosts efficiency and maximizes resource recovery.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hybrid biomass frameworks support diversified products and flexible energy portfolios.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Coupling pathways enhance techno-economic viability of advanced bioenergy systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Hybrid bioenergy systems synergize thermochemical, biological and chemical pathways.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The exploitation of renewable energy resources for energy production has been inevitable for the unremitting development of modern society. Bioenergy offers a significant perspective in this scenario for contributing to sustainable energy availability. Biomass, which is a renewable and carbon-neutral source of energy, can be converted from its various forms into gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels by adopting the established biomass conversion technologies. Specifically, thermochemical, biological, and chemical conversion processes are technologies engaged in converting biomass into various fuels. The selection of biomass feedstocks and the type of conversion processes are selected based on the obligatory end-products. The technical and energy process flowsheet, engineering design, and ultimately the economics of biomass conversion can be optimized by integrating multiple biomass conversion processes. Hence, a state-of-the-art review is presented to highlight the significance of hybrid biomass conversion technologies for enhancing the energy-efficient conversion of biomass materials. This review study is helpful in broadening the scope of selection for the biomass conversion technology and its potential integration with other biomass conversion technologies for commercial implementation and future research studies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The exploitation of renewable energy resources for energy production has been inevitable for the unremitting development of modern society. Bioenergy offers a significant perspective in this scenario for contributing to sustainable energy availability. Biomass, which is a renewable and carbon-neutral source of energy, can be converted from its various forms into gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels by adopting the established biomass conversion technologies. Specifically, thermochemical, biological, and chemical conversion processes are technologies engaged in converting biomass into various fuels. The selection of biomass feedstocks and the type of conversion processes are selected based on the obligatory end-products. The technical and energy process flowsheet, engineering design, and ultimately the economics of biomass conversion can be optimized by integrating multiple biomass conversion processes. Hence, a state-of-the-art review is presented to highlight th","PeriodicalId":54228,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}