Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1177/15248380241271376
Genevieve Bloxsom, Gemma McKibbin, Cathy Humphreys, Jennifer Davidson, Nick Halfpenny
{"title":"Five Forms of Coerced \"Self-Produced\" Child Sexual Exploitation Material: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis.","authors":"Genevieve Bloxsom, Gemma McKibbin, Cathy Humphreys, Jennifer Davidson, Nick Halfpenny","doi":"10.1177/15248380241271376","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241271376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explored how the phenomenon of coerced \"self-produced\" child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) has been constructed in the literature using Critical Interpretative Synthesis. Selected keywords were systematically searched on relevant databases. Types of papers included were: peer-reviewed research articles; conceptual papers; commentary papers; theses; book chapters; systematic reviews; and government reports. Papers published in English between January 2005 and November 2022 were included. The initial search revealed 1,021 papers, after two reviewers applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 papers were selected for the final sample. Findings indicated five forms of coerced \"self-produced\" CSEM: Solicitation; Peer Sexting; Viral Challenge; Sextortion; and Financial Coercion. The forms are described and critically analyzed through an \"Accountability Lens.\" This Lens was developed to be victim-centered including identifying the coercive actions of the person responsible for the exploitation. The review found an absence of a consistent victim-centered approach to how the phenomena of coerced \"self-produced\" CSEM is understood that would ensure children are not held responsible for being exploited.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"4230-4244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1177/15248380241248411
Joanna Collaton, Paula Barata, Mavis Morton, Kim Barton, Stephen P Lewis
{"title":"Justice for Women After Sexual Assault: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis.","authors":"Joanna Collaton, Paula Barata, Mavis Morton, Kim Barton, Stephen P Lewis","doi":"10.1177/15248380241248411","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241248411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Justice after sexual assault is often understood and enacted through the criminal legal system such that the outcomes are binary (i.e., justice is achieved or not achieved). Previous research indicates that survivors have specific wants and needs following an assault in order to experience justice, which may or may not align with current practices. We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis of 5 databases to create a sampling frame of 4,203 records; the final analysis included 81 articles, book chapters, and policy documents. Results indicate that justice is an individualized and dynamic process which may include the experience of voice, connectedness, participating in a process, accountability, and prevention. The experiences of safety and control are central to each of these domains. Survivors may seek and enact these justice domains through several avenues, including the criminal justice and legal systems, restorative justice, medical/mental health spaces, activism, art, and social media. Existing actors within currently available justice systems, including legal, medical, and mental health personnel should encourage survivors to identify and define their own experience of justice, including locating helpful behaviors rooted in safety and control, and resist a binary model of justice. Extant systems should therefore be flexible and accessible to help survivors realize their preferred modes of justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"3457-3472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-21DOI: 10.1177/15248380241254082
Marta Sousa, Cláudia Gouveia, Olga Cunha, Andreia de Castro Rodrigues
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy in Individuals Who Committed Crimes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Marta Sousa, Cláudia Gouveia, Olga Cunha, Andreia de Castro Rodrigues","doi":"10.1177/15248380241254082","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241254082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research suggests that individuals who commit crimes often exhibit various early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). EMSs are a broad and pervasive theme or pattern consisting of memories, emotions, cognitions, and bodily sensations concerning oneself and one's relationships with others. Furthermore, EMSs play a crucial role in the onset and maintenance of different types of offending behaviors, highlighting the need to implement schema therapy (ST) for perpetrators. Therefore, the present systematic review assesses the effectiveness of ST for individuals who committed crimes. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo) were searched for studies examining the effectiveness of ST for individuals who committed crimes. Seventeen studies were identified, but only 15 met the criteria for inclusion. Results showed that ST can lead to beneficial effects in EMSs, schema modes, personality symptoms, and risk factors to commit crimes (e.g., cognitive distortions). However, the studies, besides being scarce, revealed some methodological limitations. ST is a promising therapy for individuals who committed crimes, despite the studies' methodological shortcomings, which prevent us from drawing more firm conclusions. Although promising, more research is needed to enhance our understanding of the impact of ST therapies in forensic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"3631-3642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1177/15248380241270078
Robert O Motley, Priti Patel, HeeJoo Roh, Danielle T Walker
{"title":"Police Violence Exposure and Associated Health Outcomes Among Latinx Adults in the United States: An Integrative Review.","authors":"Robert O Motley, Priti Patel, HeeJoo Roh, Danielle T Walker","doi":"10.1177/15248380241270078","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241270078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Police violence exposure among Latinx adults in the United States is increasingly concerning due to its prevalence and associated risks for adverse mental, behavioral, and physical health outcomes. This integrative review appraised studies published from 2003 to 2023 that examine the relationship between police violence exposure and negative health outcomes in Latinx adults. Using structured search terms, articles were identified in APA PsycInfo and PubMed databases, supplemented by a gray literature search and citation mining. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate a significant positive association between police violence exposure and adverse mental (<i>n</i> = 9), behavioral (<i>n</i> = 2), and physical (<i>n</i> = 1) health outcomes. The results underscore the mental, behavioral, and physical health consequences of police violence exposure for Latinx adults. Given the increasing Latinx population in the United States, further research is needed to better understand this relationship and inform interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"4204-4215"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1177/15248380241265385
Carina N Montoya, Jamie V Saunt
{"title":"Knowledge About Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy and Child Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Carina N Montoya, Jamie V Saunt","doi":"10.1177/15248380241265385","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241265385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child sexual abuse (CSA) impacts victims in immediate and long-lasting ways, often resulting in traumatic symptomatology. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy is an effective treatment to address trauma symptoms. Despite growing research on the efficacy of EMDR therapy, no review has been conducted on EMDR's treatment of trauma related to CSA. This scoping review seeks to explore the literature on EMDR as a treatment for CSA, including outcomes measured related to efficacy and considerations and implications related to the use of EMDR with this population. Four databases and the Francine Shapiro Library were systematically searched and twenty-one articles meeting inclusion criteria (published after 2001, using EMDR with victims of CSA, published in English) were included in this review. A mixture of case studies and empirical research using EMDR with both child and adult survivors of CSA were identified. Outcomes measured were traumatic, psychological, behavioral, and other (e.g., quality of life and physiological) symptoms. Studies reporting on direct-client work identified that EMDR was effective at resolving negative symptoms related to CSA without any necessary protocol modifications. Nearly all studies utilized stabilization in the form of the \"safe space\" exercise for grounding. Included empirical studies were primarily white and female samples; further research with non-offending males and individuals of color is needed. More research is also needed to understand minimum session frequency and duration of EMDR sessions to achieve resolution of trauma. This review suggests promising evidence of the efficacy of EMDR therapy in the treatment of trauma related to CSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"3967-3980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/15248380241266137
Nicola Henry, Gemma Beard
{"title":"Image-Based Sexual Abuse Perpetration: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Nicola Henry, Gemma Beard","doi":"10.1177/15248380241266137","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241266137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) refers to the nonconsensual creating, taking, or sharing of intimate images, including threatening to share images. It can also include coercing someone into sharing intimate images, or sending unwanted intimate images. In recent years, there has been growing attention to the nature, scope, and impacts of IBSA, but comparatively little attention has been paid to the perpetration of these harms. This scoping review consolidates and synthesizes the existing knowledge on the perpetration of IBSA against adults. The review involved a systematic search of scholarly and gray literature across select databases. In total, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were included if they were published in English between 2013 and 2023 and reported on findings of a sample of adults over the age of 16 who admitted IBSA perpetration behaviors. The review found that prevalence of subtypes of IBSA varied significantly across the studies. There was consensus that adults who engage in IBSA perpetration are more likely to be men, younger adults, and LGBTIQ+. Motivations were multifaceted, but tended to relate to social rewards, power dynamics, sexual gratification, and retaliatory impulses. Dark Tetrad traits were found to be positively associated with IBSA perpetration. The research also indicates on overlap between victimization and perpetration, as well as an association with other offending behaviors, such as intimate partner violence. Prevention interventions should be focused on changing the opportunities, affordances, and infrastructures for offending, as well as addressing problematic societal attitudes and norms, with early interventions focused on building resilience and self-esteem, and promoting healthy behaviors and respectful relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"3981-3998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Childhood Maltreatment and Perinatal Complications: A Scoping Review of Official Health Data.","authors":"Alesha Frederickson, Olivia Mazzarello, Rachel Langevin","doi":"10.1177/15248380241270017","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241270017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child maltreatment (CM) poses significant risks to victims, resulting in enduring physical, psychological, and developmental consequences. Adult survivors of CM seem especially vulnerable to perinatal complications. However, existing research on perinatal outcomes presents mixed results and relies heavily on self-reported data, which may not align with official medical data. Hence, a systematic review using official health data may provide clarity on this association; it may orient future research and the provision of perinatal services. This scoping review aimed to synthesize and evaluate the quality of the literature that utilizes official health data to explore associations between CM and perinatal complications. Following Arksey and O'Malley's model, searches across four databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations/Thesis) produced 8,870 articles. After screening, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria (e.g., recorded perinatal complications using official health data, and peer-reviewed studies or dissertation). Evidence indicates CM survivors have less prenatal care visits, more fetal loss and preterm births, lower gestational age, and increases in emergency cesarean sections. Adults had more cervical insufficiency, lower episiotomies and sphincter ruptures, and overall pregnancy and postpartum complications while adolescents had lower Apgar scores. No associations were observed on other outcomes (e.g., vaginal bleeding, group B streptococcus, and fetal distress). Mixed findings emerged for other perinatal and maternal health concerns such as birth weight and blood pressure. CM survivors may face an increased risk of experiencing perinatal complications. Findings point to the relevance of leveraging health data for CM research and adopting trauma-informed practices in perinatal services.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"4130-4142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/15248380241262286
Line Christophersen, Gäelle Brotto
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Educational Interventions for Mental Health Professionals in Reducing Stigmatization Toward People with Pedophilia: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Line Christophersen, Gäelle Brotto","doi":"10.1177/15248380241262286","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241262286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental Health Professionals (MHP) often harbor strong negative attitudes toward people with a sexual attraction to children, hindering the provision of essential treatment. This reluctance stems from pervasive stigmatization, contributing to mental health issues among people with pedophilia and exacerbating risk factors associated with child sexual abuse. Limited research and small sample sizes in prior studies underscore the need to conduct a meta-analysis, examining the effectiveness of educational interventions as a tool for reducing stigmatization toward people with pedophilia in MHP. Eight studies meeting specific inclusion criteria were identified through a literature search. These criteria included (a) peer-reviewed empirical, (b) quantitative data, (c) a focus on attitudes toward people with pedophilia, (d) a sample of MHP that might come in contact with people with pedophilia (or the general public), (e) the intervention is educational, (f) the educational intervention is based on people with pedophilia, (g) pre- and post-test data, and (h) be written in English. Comparable variables within these studies encompassed dangerousness, social distance, intentionality, deviance, punitiveness, anger, sympathy, and motivation to treat. The intervention significantly improved perceptions of dangerousness (<i>d</i> = 0.65), social distance (<i>d</i> = 0.33), intentionality (<i>d</i> = 0.38), and punitiveness (<i>d</i> = 0.77). However, it showed non-significant effects on deviance (<i>d</i> = 0.22), anger (<i>d</i> = -0.22), sympathy (<i>d</i> = -0.12), and motivation to treat (<i>d</i> = -0.04). These findings indicate that educational interventions can reduce MHP stigmatization toward people with pedophilia, especially with contact-based and sufficiently prolonged interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"3796-3813"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/15248380241265382
Gena K Dufour
{"title":"The Insidiousness of Institutional Betrayal: An Ecological Systematic Review of Campus Sexual Violence Response Literature.","authors":"Gena K Dufour","doi":"10.1177/15248380241265382","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241265382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, post-secondary institutions have been under increased public and academic scrutiny regarding their ability to prevent and respond to instances of campus sexual violence. Emerging research has explored <i>institutional betrayal</i> (IB), which is a theoretical framework that states that actions and inactions on the part of the institution can cause further harm to survivors of violence. The goals of this review were, using an ecological systems lens, to identify what specific behaviors, policies, responses, and other factors constitute IB or institutional support (IS) as defined by the existing literature. A search of 16 databases across 8 disciplines led to the identification of 100 articles that mentioned either IB or IS verbatim. Factors that can be categorized as IB and IS were identified across nine levels: (1) the individual level, (2) the interpersonal level, (3) within institutional spaces, (4) within institutional procedures, (5) within institutional policies, (6) at the institutional structural level, (7) at the institutional culture level, (8) at a government and public policy level, and (9) within greater societal cultural values and established social norms. IB itself manifests across all levels of the institution and is, in fact, quite insidious-it is largely invisible and deeply rooted in systemic oppression, woven into the structure of institutions of higher education. IB remains a looming, almost inevitable outcome of the structural violence that occurs in post-secondary settings. Yet, IS and the related concept of institutional courage are emerging fields of study that pose important implications for institutional change.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"3903-3922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trauma Violence & AbusePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1177/15248380241270039
Jaclyn Kirsch, Katherine Kitchens, Kristen Kerr, Shamila Sivakumaran
{"title":"Group-Based Intervention Models in Treating Refugee Mental Health in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Jaclyn Kirsch, Katherine Kitchens, Kristen Kerr, Shamila Sivakumaran","doi":"10.1177/15248380241270039","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15248380241270039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Refugees within the post-migration context experience higher rates of mental health symptoms due to a variety of pre- and post-migration factors. However, there is a lack of research in understanding best practices in culturally grounded interventions aimed at improving well-being outcomes. Recent research shows group interventions are a potential pathway to mental health treatment for refugees. This systematic review aimed to (1) assess best practices among group-based interventions within the refugee context, (2) provide literature-informed guidance on best practices within group-based interventions for this population, and (3) examine the impact of group-based interventions on the mental health outcomes of adult refugees in the post-migration context in high-income countries. A systematic literature search was conducted using Academic Search Complete, Social Work Abstracts, and PsycINFO. A total of 2,243 studies were identified, with 19 meeting the inclusion criteria to be from a peer-reviewed journal article; be published from 2003 to 2023; be written in English; have a study population of refugees in the post-resettlement context in a high-income country; include a group-based intervention model; and be quantitative or mixed methods. Results demonstrated that group-based interventions improve mental health symptoms, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Studies varied on their use of culturally grounded mechanisms in developing and implementing interventions. Future research is needed to understand the longitudinal impacts of group-based interventions on mental health and better support current practices to facilitate access to intervention implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":" ","pages":"4173-4187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}