Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression最新文献_第9页

‘My journey to jihad’: featured stories in jihadi propaganda “我的圣战之旅”:圣战宣传的特色故事

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2021.1886154

Weeda Mehran, A. Lemieux

引用次数: 1

Cyclicality in non-state violence: theory and evidence 非国家暴力的周期性:理论与证据

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2021.1879897

M. Becker

{"title":"Cyclicality in non-state violence: theory and evidence","authors":"M. Becker","doi":"10.1080/19434472.2021.1879897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2021.1879897","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What explains recurrent fluctuations in violence within militant groups? Temporal swings in the number of attacks perpetrated are common, but lack a general explanation. I provide evidence of cycles in attacks, and provide a theory of why organizational levels of violence vary serially. First, due to the contradictions of non-state violence, there exist, simultaneously, upward and downward pressures on its use. By “contradictions,” I mean that violence is both beneficial and detrimental to an organization. It can secure public support and government concessions, but can also tarnish a group’s reputation and invite retaliatory violence. Second, since the relative strength of each type of pressure (upward or downward) varies inversely with how much it is accommodated, organizations face disincentives to pause at high or low levels of violence. Groups that shift tactics to accommodate one pressure find they have activated another. For example, a group that curtails violent attacks to avoid government repression finds it lacks media attention. These pressures incentivize a reprise in violence, causing the up-and-down pattern to repeat. Finally, the cyclical pattern is reinforced by endogenous interactions between militants’ political environments and their decision-making processes. I provide suggestive support for the arguments by examining the Basque group ETA.","PeriodicalId":54174,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression","volume":"15 1","pages":"115 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19434472.2021.1879897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60339594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disruptive Islamism: ‘Islamic radicalisation’ in public discourse, and the strategies and impact of terrorist communication on refugees and host communities 颠覆性伊斯兰主义：公共话语中的“伊斯兰激进化”，以及恐怖主义传播对难民和收容社区的策略和影响

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2021.1877773

Yvonne Rowa

{"title":"Disruptive Islamism: ‘Islamic radicalisation’ in public discourse, and the strategies and impact of terrorist communication on refugees and host communities","authors":"Yvonne Rowa","doi":"10.1080/19434472.2021.1877773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2021.1877773","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The strategic communication of terrorist organisations and its influence on public discourse, particularly in the forced migrant context, is an under-researched area. This article argues that terrorist organisations have exploited their marketability in the radicalisation of public discourse. Their (non)discursive strategic communication has influenced public discourse, with impacts on policy and practice. Thirty-two interviews were conducted with civil society organisations and host communities, and complemented by eleven online refugee representations. In addition, the study drew from secondary case reviews of Al Shabaab and a former Islamist. The paper examines and presents key field research findings on the impact of strategic terrorist communication on refugees and host communities. Further, the paper highlights public representations of Islam(ism) and the disruptive character of Islamism brand management. The article additionally explores broader ramifications of terrorist communication on the concept of radicalisation. By examining the synergy between terrorist communication and the speech-acts of other actors, this article contends that besides being a useful concept, radicalisation is a social construct modelled by the perceptions, attitudes, opinions and actions of a coterie of actors. Overall, terrorist communication in rhetoric and action regulates public discourse that in turn inflames a reinforcing feedback loop of reciprocal radicalisation.","PeriodicalId":54174,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression","volume":"15 1","pages":"82 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19434472.2021.1877773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45271527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classifying terrorism: a latent class analysis of primary source socio-political and psychological data 恐怖主义分类：主要来源社会政治和心理数据的潜在阶级分析

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2021.1874041

P. Candilis, S. Cleary, S. Dhumad, A. Dyer, N. Khalifa

{"title":"Classifying terrorism: a latent class analysis of primary source socio-political and psychological data","authors":"P. Candilis, S. Cleary, S. Dhumad, A. Dyer, N. Khalifa","doi":"10.1080/19434472.2021.1874041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2021.1874041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Attempts to define terrorist typologies often emphasise the importance of socio-political and psychological factors and the distinction between lone and group actors. However, these attempts are predominantly driven by theory or secondary data, and controversies still surround how much influence family, ideology, and personality factors exercise on terrorist behaviour. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we developed a typology for terrorism utilising common social, family, childhood, ideology, and personality factors. The sample comprised 160 incarcerated offenders convicted of terrorism in Iraq. We applied LCA, including a total of 21 variables representing participant characteristics, attitudes, perceptions, and behaviours commonly identified in the literature. Analysis indicated a three-class model fit was better than two- and four-class models. The largest class in the LCA (40.6%, n = 65) was classified as ‘non-religious nationalists’ (class 1). The second largest class (40%, n = 64) was classified as ‘oppressed instrumentalists’ (class 2). The smallest class (19.4%, n = 31) was classified as ‘aggrieved antisocials’ (class 3). The new typology merits further investigation in different settings with a larger sample Although the widely supported distinction between lone and group actor terrorism was not borne out in this sample, the new categorisation can nonetheless offer opportunities for identifying those at risk and offering social interventions.","PeriodicalId":54174,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression","volume":"15 1","pages":"64 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19434472.2021.1874041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44497812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Weaponized words: the strategic role of persuasion in violent radicalization and counter-radicalization 武器化话语：说服在暴力激进化和反激进化中的战略作用

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2021.1875022

Chi Zhang

引用次数: 19

Fascist aspirants: Fascist Forge and ideological learning in the extreme-right online milieu 法西斯追求者:极右网络环境下的法西斯锻造与意识形态学习

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2020.1850842

B. Lee, K. Knott

{"title":"Fascist aspirants: Fascist Forge and ideological learning in the extreme-right online milieu","authors":"B. Lee, K. Knott","doi":"10.1080/19434472.2020.1850842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2020.1850842","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Learning in extremist settings is often treated as operational, with little regard to how aspiring participants in extremist settings engage with complex and abstract ideological material. This paper examines learning in the context of the amorphous network of digital channels that compose the extreme-right online milieu. Through an in-depth qualitative analysis, we explore how well the prevailing model of extremist ideological learning (in ‘communities of practice’) accounts for the behaviour of aspiring participants of Fascist Forge, a now-defunct extreme-right web forum. The findings suggest that some of the social aspects of communities of practice have been replicated in the online setting of Fascist Forge. However, for a combination of technical and ideological reasons, the more directed and nurturing aspects of learning have not. Several issues are raised about the role of ideological learning in online communities, notably the open accessibility of extremist material, the lack of ideological control leading to potential mutation and innovation by self-learners, and the role of digital learning in the preparation, shaping and recruitment of individuals for real world organising and activism.","PeriodicalId":54174,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression","volume":"14 1","pages":"216 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19434472.2020.1850842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49260884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The effects of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on suicide terrorism 9/11恐怖袭击对自杀式恐怖主义的影响

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2020.1866052

M. Demir, Ahmet Guler

{"title":"The effects of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on suicide terrorism","authors":"M. Demir, Ahmet Guler","doi":"10.1080/19434472.2020.1866052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2020.1866052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Suicide terrorism is one of the deadliest terrorist strategies adopted by various terrorist groups around the world, but the 9/11 terrorist attacks have made suicide terrorism a popular attack strategy among terrorist organizations at the global level. However, there is scarce research on the effect of the 9/11 attacks on suicide terrorism. Using data obtained from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) between 1981 and 2018, this research examines the effect of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on suicide terrorism and different types of terrorist organizations that commit suicide terrorism before and after 9/11 and the changes in the trends in the outcomes. The results of negative binomial regression tests comparing pre-9/11 and post-9/11 and monthly interrupted time series analyses showed that the 9/11 terrorist attacks had significant impacts on the above-mentioned outcomes. The results suggested that the 9/11 attacks have played a critical role in inspiring and encouraging terrorist organizations – religious-based ones in particular – to adopt suicide terrorism as an attack strategy.","PeriodicalId":54174,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression","volume":"15 1","pages":"24 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19434472.2020.1866052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45645830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Responses of US-based Muslim organizations to being stereotyped as ‘terrorists’ 美国穆斯林组织对被定型为“恐怖分子”的反应

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2021-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2020.1867222

Hakim Zainiddinov

{"title":"Responses of US-based Muslim organizations to being stereotyped as ‘terrorists’","authors":"Hakim Zainiddinov","doi":"10.1080/19434472.2020.1867222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2020.1867222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The stereotype literature views responses of a subordinated group to stereotypes as a unified attempt to counter the control and domination of its identity. Complexities that exist within the unified response of the subordinated group have drawn less attention. Using a qualitative content analysis of text-based data (newspapers, legal documents, press releases, scholarly works), the paper examines responses of two American Muslim organizations to the terrorism stereotype. The Council on American-Islamic Relations, a representative of the American Muslim mainstream majority and the American Islamic Forum for Democracy, a representative of ‘moderate’ Muslims have been consistently denouncing terrorism in all its forms. The unified response, voiced in the denouncement of terrorism, is explained through the depersonalization hypothesis of self-categorization theory, suggesting that an increase in saliency of the Muslim identity predicts greater perceived homogeneity of the group. Yet, beyond this unified response, there are profound differences in these organizations’ views, positions, and tactics toward combating the terrorism stereotype. Such variations depend on the perceived legitimacy of the source of negative stereotypes. Future research should study other stereotypical traits associated with Muslims in the US, to identify the existence of complex internal dynamics within various Muslim groups countering negative stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":54174,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression","volume":"15 1","pages":"42 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19434472.2020.1867222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Militant extremist mind-set in Serbian football supporters: relations with the adherence to extremist social movements 塞尔维亚足球支持者的激进极端主义心态：与坚持极端主义社会运动的关系

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2020.1859583

Janko Međedović, Uroš Kovačević, G. Knežević

{"title":"Militant extremist mind-set in Serbian football supporters: relations with the adherence to extremist social movements","authors":"Janko Međedović, Uroš Kovačević, G. Knežević","doi":"10.1080/19434472.2020.1859583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19434472.2020.1859583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Football supporters represent a specific social group which is prone to violence and ideologically based extremist behavior. In the present study we explored whether football supporters in Serbia are characterized by Militant Extremist Mind-Set (MEM), a set of beliefs characterized by terrorists and ideological extremists. MEM is constituted of three factors: Proviolence, Vile World and Divine Power. We hypothesized that all three factors are more pronounced in football supporters than in the control group of participants; furthermore, we assumed that MEM factors have an independent contribution in the prediction of support for extremist social movements. Relations between these variables are explored in a combined sample of male football supporters (N = 128) and the control group (N = 118). Obtained results confirmed all hypotheses. All MEM factors were found to be more pronounced in football supporters. All three beliefs independently predicted support for extremist social movements. Finally, the interaction between group membership and Vile World in predicting support for the extremist movements was found: football supporters with elevated belief in Vile World were especially prone to affiliate with extremist movements. Study findings provided additional insight into the ideological characteristics of football supporters in Serbia and contributed to the identification of individuals who are particularly susceptible to violent extremism.","PeriodicalId":54174,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression","volume":"14 1","pages":"312 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19434472.2020.1859583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45085064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Counter-terrorism technologies. A critical assessment 反恐技术。关键评估

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Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2020.1859584

Zsófia Hacsek

引用次数: 0