Solid Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Numerical modeling of mineralizing processes during the formation of the Yangzhuang Kiruna-type iron deposit, Middle and Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China: Implications for the genesis and longevity of Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite systems","authors":"Xunyu Hu ,&nbsp;Simon Jowitt ,&nbsp;Feng Yuan ,&nbsp;Guangxian Liu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Luo ,&nbsp;Yuhua Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Yang ,&nbsp;Keyue Ren ,&nbsp;Yongguo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Yangzhuang iron deposit is a Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit within the Ningwu mining district of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYRMB), China. This study applies a numerical modeling approach to identify the key processes associated with the formation of the deposit that cannot be easily identified using traditional analytical approaches, including the duration of the mineralizing process and the genesis of iron orebodies within intrusions associated with the deposit. This approach highlights the practical value of numerical modeling in quantitatively analyzing mineralizing processes during the formation of mineral deposits and assesses how these methods can be used in future geological research. Our numerical model links heat transfer, pressure, fluid flow, chemical reactions, and the movement of ore-forming material. Results show that temperature anomaly and structure (occurrence of the contact of intrusion and the Triassic Xujiashan group) are two key factors controlling the formation of the Yangzhuang deposit. This modeling also indicates that the formation of the Yangzhuang deposit only took some 8000 years, a reaction that is likely to be controlled by temperature and diffusion rates within the system. The dynamic changes of temperature and the distribution of mineralization also indicate that the orebodies located inside the intrusions most likely formed after magma ascent rather than representing blocks of existing mineralization that descended into the magma as a result of stoping or other similar processes. All these data form the basis for future research into the forming processes of Kiruna-type IOA systems as well as magmatic–hydrothermal systems more broadly, including providing useful insights for future exploration for these systems. The simulation approach used in this study has several limitations, such as oversimplified chemical reactions, uncertainty of pre-metallogenic conditions and limitation of 2D model. Future development into both theories and methods will definitely improve the practical significance of numerical simulation of ore-forming processes and provide quantitative results for more geological issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451912X21000544/pdfft?md5=553bc9b838c4d6a3d1e6f22c2d53de60&pid=1-s2.0-S2451912X21000544-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46773816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology and geochemistry of Middle Permian tuff in Chaohu region, China: Implications for their origin and geological significance","authors":"Likai Ge,&nbsp;Jiancheng Xie,&nbsp;Quanzhong Li,&nbsp;Jun Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tuff of Middle Permian as a record of volcanic activity are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, such as South China, but origin of the tuff bed remains unclear. Stratigraphy, geochronology, geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic composition of the tuff layers from Gufeng Formation in Chaohu region, South China, are systemically investigated to reveal the origin of the tuff. The stratigraphical investigation and geochronological dating reveal that zircon U–Pb age of 271.6 ± 3.1 Ma for lower tuff layer is identical to the formation age (272 Ma) of the bottom boundary in the Gufeng Formation, while the zircon U–Pb age of 263.6 ± 3.8 Ma for upper tuff layer represents the boundary age between the lower and upper Gufeng Formation. The tuff with a lot of clastic materials has high Th/Ce (0.18–0.84) and Th/La (0.29–1.23) ratios, enrichment in LREE, Th, U and Hf, and depletion in Ba, Nb and Sr, with obviously negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.41–0.58). Compared with the lower tuff layer, the upper tuff layer has higher zircon εHf (t) values (−5.65 to 10.2) and lg fO₂ values (−14.6 to −7.42). The distinctly chemical and isotopic results indicate that the intermediate-felsic tuff in the Chaohu region were originated from more crustal materials in early stage of the Gufeng Formation and increased juvenile crustal materials and higher oxygen fugacity in late stage of the Gufeng Formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 354-366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451912X21000386/pdfft?md5=28733a5e1676b6317738d1d796cb90d4&pid=1-s2.0-S2451912X21000386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46378893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A discovery of extremely REE-rich kimberlites: A possible new type of REE-deposit","authors":"Qi Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Yang ,&nbsp;Jun Tang ,&nbsp;Yisu Ren ,&nbsp;Qizhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianbin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two newly discovered Mesozoic Group II kimberlites in the southeastern margin of North China Craton show extremely high ΣREE contents (ranging from 1046 to 1869 ppm), which also higher than the nearby Weishan carbonatite and other REE-bearing rocks in China. We proposed that the possible of a new type of REE-deposit, and there is a wide range of potential prospecting area of the REE deposit in the southeast margin of NCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 367-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451912X21000374/pdfft?md5=3bcd90d8acc99fa3e4f86edd70fc8114&pid=1-s2.0-S2451912X21000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42209851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralization of the Shangjiazhuang Mo deposit in the Jiaodong peninsula, China: Constraints from S–H–O isotopes and fluid inclusions","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Cong-ying Li ,&nbsp;Jin-long Liang ,&nbsp;Ming-chun Song ,&nbsp;Li-peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying-xin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Shangjiazhuang Mo deposit is located in the east of Shandong Peninsula, which is tectonically the eastern extends of the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. The ore bodies occur in the Early Cretaceous Yashan porphyritic granodiorite, which are stratiform, vein-like and lentoid. The orebodies are controlled by the fractures with NW direction, and have similar orientations, with strike of 337°–344° and dips of 20°–26° to the northeast. The potassic alteration, biotitization, silicification, sericitization, chloritization, and carbonatization are developed in the country rock. According to the relationship of mineral symbiotic assemblage and the cutting relationship of the hydrothermal veins, the hydrothermal metallogenic period of Shangjiazhuang Mo deposit can be divided into three stages: quartz-molybdenite (early stage), quartz-chalcopyrite and molybdenite (middle stage) and quartz-pyrite (late stage). We studied S–H–O isotopes, fluid inclusions and mineralization age of the Shangjiazhuang Mo deposit, aiming to clarify the genesis mechanism for the Mo deposits in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula. The δ³⁴S value of molybdenite and chalcopyrite in the main metallogenic stage range from 4.5‰ to 5.0‰, which is consistent with magmatic sulfur. The δ¹⁸O_H2O valve decrease gradually from the early metallogenic stage (4.5‰–5.0‰) to the late metallogenic stage (0.39‰–1.48‰), indicating that the ore-forming fluids were mainly magmatic water at the early stage and a mixture of meteoric and magmatic water at the late stage. The ore-forming fluids evolved from moderate temperature, CO₂-rich and high salinity at the early stage to low temperature, CO₂-poor with nearly constant salinity in the late stage. Different types of inclusions with similar temperature and different salinity coexist in the main metallogenic period, indicating that as temperature drops, fluids in the system were either immiscible or boiling, leading to CO₂ escape, and finally leads to the precipitation and enrichment of ore-forming elements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 370-384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451912X21000362/pdfft?md5=ee5dda4ccd3b0187fed5e2174be14a60&pid=1-s2.0-S2451912X21000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44626839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ore deposits in the Lower Yangtze River Belt","authors":"Weidong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":"Page 329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451912X21000465/pdfft?md5=862743442af6fbb67b2771b84fecde66&pid=1-s2.0-S2451912X21000465-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43495141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of the Cretaceous anorogenic granitoids in east Qingling orogen","authors":"Zhuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Youqiang Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report systematical zircon U–Pb datings, Hf isotopic data, major and trace element date on the Zhangshiying (ZSY) and the Taishanmiao (TSM) two plutons at the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), in order to investigate their petrogenesis and geological evolution. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon of the ZSY and TSM granites dating yield a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 122.8 ± 1.5 Ma and 112.1 ± 3.2 Ma. The ZSY quartz syenite enriched in SiO₂ (65.59–68.1 wt.%), Al₂O₃ (15.39–15.64 wt.%), high Sr (468–666 ppm), Sr/Y (35–45), (La/Yb)_N (20.1–22.1) ratios, low Y(13.1–16.6 ppm), Yb (1.46–1.77 ppm), depleted in Nb, Ta, P, Ti, Mg, Y and negligible Eu anomalies, which suggesting that the quartz syenite are similar to adakitic rocks. Zircons from this pluton give ε_Hf(t) values from −17.6 to −5.7 with an average of −15.2, and their T_DM2 ages (1.29–1.91 Ga) are much younger than the basement rocks of the south margin of the NCC, which indicate that the ZSY quartz syenite were generated by partial melting of thickened lower crust with minor involvement of mantle-derived materials. The TSM pluton has characteristic of A-type granite, such as, high SiO₂ (69.7–71.87 wt.%), total alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O = 8.5 to 9.41 wt.%), HFSE (Zr, Nb, Ga, Y), low CaO (0.27–1.25 wt.%), Ba, Sr and Eu. Their ε_Hf(T) values ranges from −12.4 to −1.6 with an average of −7.6 and T_DM2 ranges from 1.10 to 1.63 Ga with an average of 1.38 Ma. We propose that the TSM granites results from partial melting of tonalitic crustal sources with a plagioclase-rich residual at high temperatures and low pressure. Materials input from the mantle also is involved for the higher ε_Hf(t) values than tonalitic crustal at the southern margin of NCC and high temperatures. Our results suggested that the thickened LCC at the south margin of the NCC is still existence before the intrusive of the ZSY adakitic rocks (∼123 Ma). During the intrusive of the TSM granites (∼112 Ma) it turns to extensional environment. This extensional event reflects the background of lithospheric thinning and decratonization of NCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 331-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451912X21000398/pdfft?md5=b76b39cb31cabc0a1202edbeb6a61afc&pid=1-s2.0-S2451912X21000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44786790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallogenic characteristics and tectonic setting of the Jiaodong gold deposit, China","authors":"Ming-chun Song ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Xue-Feng Yu ,&nbsp;Ying-Xin Song ,&nbsp;Zheng-Jiang Ding ,&nbsp;Shi-Yong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Jiaodong is the largest gold deposit concentration area in China. In recent years, great breakthroughs have been made in deep prospecting, and it has become the third largest concentration area of gold deposits in the world. A series of prospecting discoveries in the Jiaodong area provided the basic conditions for summarizing the regional metallogenic law, constructing the deposit model, carrying out research on the genesis of the deposit and innovating metallogenic theory. The Jiaodong gold deposits are mainly distributed in Northwest Jiaodong, Qi-Peng-Fu and Mu-Ru metallogenic regions, and mainly occur in Precambrian metamorphic rock series, Jurassic Linglong-type granite, Early Cretaceous Guojialing-type granite and Laiyang group. The orebodies are controlled by Sanshandao, Jiaojia, Zhaoping, Xilin-Douya, Jinniushan and other major ore-controlling fault zones. The main mineralization types include altered rock-type, quartz vein-type, stockwork type, sulfide quartz vein-type, interlayer detachment zone-type, altered conglomerate-type, basin margin fault breccia-type and pyrite carbonate vein-type and so on. The important progress of deep prospecting is summarized: two super giant deposits have been evaluated in the Sanshandao and Jiaojia areas; the amount of altered rock-type gold resources identified by deep prospecting has exceeded that of quartz vein-type gold deposits in the Linglong gold deposit field; the Hushan large scale gold deposit has been discovered in Qixia gold deposit field; and the Liaoshang large-size gold deposit is a new discovery of deep prospecting in Pengjiakuang gold deposit field. The ore-controlling faults of gold deposits have several changing steps with dip angle varying from steep to gentle along the dip angle. The gold ore bodies are mainly enriched in sections along the steep, gentle turning points and relatively gentle parts of the fault dip angle, forming a stepped distribution pattern. In the Early Cretaceous, the subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific plate induced crust mantle interaction, resulting in large-scale magmatic and fluid activities. The crust tension and magma uplift form the dome extension structure of granite, which provides a channel for the migration of ore-forming fluid and also provides favorable space for the deposition of ore-forming fluid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 385-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sesci.2021.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46271649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater depletion: A major cause of anthropogenic ground settlement","authors":"Jing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 4","pages":"Page 330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451912X21000428/pdfft?md5=373266b2c4d1bba8eed4f2d2ec0a5a19&pid=1-s2.0-S2451912X21000428-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subduction initiation at passive continental margins: A review based on numerical studies","authors":"Xinyi Zhong,&nbsp;Zhong-Hai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Wilson cycle predicted that the passive continental margin finally collapses and forms a new subduction zone, because the transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere provides as a natural boundary with great density and rheology contrasts. However, this process is hardly constrained, due to the lack of obvious Cenozoic examples in the natural Earth. The rather stable passive margin of Atlantic Ocean, without any clear sign for subduction initiation (SI), also challenges this hypothesis. In this study, we have reviewed the main ideas and models for the SI at passive margin, which are classified into two categories, i.e. driven by either local forces or external forces. The local forces, mainly due to the local gravitational instability, are generally insufficient to break the lithosphere and lead to SI on the present Earth, although they are possible driving mechanisms for the SI in early Earth with higher potential temperature of the mantle. The external forces may come from the push of mid-ocean ridge and/or mantle plume, the lateral drag of neighboring sinking slab, as well as the basal drag of large-scale mantle convection. They are feasible to drive SI for young oceanic basins with thin and weak lithosphere on the present Earth. But the old and stable Atlantic type margin with high rheological strength is difficult for SI, which requires pre-existing weakness and/or significant weakening mechanism. Previous numerical studies have generally focused on the geodynamic conditions of SI. However, the SI for either present or early Earth is still not well constrained, especially in the aspects of geological responses and possible petrological records, which thus requires further systematic comparative studies between numerical models and geological records.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 249-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sesci.2021.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43179691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin and characterization of clay deposits in the Dupi Tila Formation of the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Yousuf Gazi ,&nbsp;Saiful Islam Apu ,&nbsp;Noshin Sharmili ,&nbsp;Md. Zillur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clay is one of the most important minerals having both geological and industrial significance. Clay lenses in the Dupi Tila Formation of the Bengal Basin have been investigated to characterize and determine their origin in terms of geological environment. Clay samples have been collected from the fresh cropped surface from the areas of Dupigaon (Jaintiapur Clay), Birisiri (Bijoypur Clay), and Bandarban (Bandarban Clay) in Bangladesh. Characterizations of the clay deposits have been carried out by field investigation, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analysis techniques, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Field investigation shows that clays are white, yellowish to variegated in color with a thickness of 15 cm to about 4 m, and moderately soft. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that kaolinite is the predominant clay mineral in all samples with minor amounts of quartz and feldspar. SEM analysis indicates that abundant tiny disc and irregular shape of kaolinite crystals are mixed with sparse gathers of K-feldspar and detrital quartz grains. The presence of silt in all the clay samples has been verified by the gran size ranges from laser particle size analysis. The grittiness is the result of the deposition of silt considering the highest percentage in Bandarban and Bijoypur and lowers in Jaintiapur. The XRF analysis shows that SiO₂ (68–75%) is the most abundant among major oxides, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ come next, along with the lower percentage of MnO, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, TiO₂, P₂O₅, and SO₃. The average concentration of different trace elements has been ranging from 3 to 430 ppm. Several geochemical indices suggest that the sediments might be derived from the Shillong plateau and the Himalayas in the north and the Naga-Lushai-China Hill-Arakan Yoma mobile belt in the northeast, which are highly weathered sedimentary terrains. Provenance studies and elemental ratio supports the evidence of the felsic origin of the studied sample. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) value of 93% indicates the occurrence of significant weathering in different sediment recycling phases. From the results of the aforementioned analyses, it is clear that clay lenses in the Dupi Tila Formation are in-situ in origin and parent materials are detrital rather than authigenic nature confirmed by the presence of detrital quartz and reviewing the depositional environment, which gives us the insights of the geological condition of that time as well as the possible mode of sediment transportation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 313-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.sesci.2021.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44431097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}