Mouvement Social最新文献

{"title":"Protéger l’enfant ou préserver la famille ?","authors":"Lola Zappi","doi":"10.3917/lms1.279.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.279.0067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48572903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faire « famille » ou faire « communauté »","authors":"A. Jusseaume","doi":"10.3917/lms1.279.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.279.0083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43623674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le lien familial à l'épreuve du couvent: Les oppositions des parents à la vocation de leur fille en France et en Espagne au XIXe siècle","authors":"Inès Anrich","doi":"10.3917/lms1.279.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.279.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 19th century France and Spain, the expansion of female congregations clashed with the rise of the bourgeois family, which viewed women as the \"angels at the hearth\", and with the affirmation of paternal power. The increasing number of cases of parents opposing their child's vocation, arbitrated by civil or religious authorities, bears witness to this. Entry into the convent thwarted family strategies, such as the use of girls' domestic or salaried work to ensure the survival of their families, or their marriage. By leaving their parents to join a religious order, these young women established a distance that reflected their own room for manœuvre in relation to paternal power. This space was still conditioned by their social or economic capital and by the application of the law by the public or religious authorities according to the political situation. Nevertheless, the vocation and the conflicts it created did not break the family bonds, with parents continuing to exercise a certain authority.Abstract:Dans la France et l'Espagne du xixe siècle, l'essor des congrégations féminines se heurte à la montée de la famille bourgeoise, qui fait des femmes des « anges du foyer », et à l'affirmation de la puissance paternelle. La multiplication des affaires d'opposition de parents à la vocation de leur enfant, arbitrées par des autorités civiles ou religieuses, en témoigne. L'entrée au couvent empêche en effet des stratégies familiales, comme le recours au travail domestique ou salarié des filles pour assurer la survie de leur famille, ou leur mariage. En quittant leurs parents pour rejoindre un ordre religieux, ces jeunes femmes instaurent une distance qui reflète leur marge de manœuvre face à la puissance paternelle. Cet espace reste conditionné par leur capital social ou économique et par l'application du droit par les autorités publiques ou religieuses au gré de la conjoncture politique. Pour autant, la vocation et le conflit qu'elle suscite ne rompent pas le lien familial, par l'intermédiaire duquel les parents continuent d'exercer une certaine autorité","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42157191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordre et désordres du couple à l'asile d'aliénés: L'internement et la régulation des liens conjugaux (France, seconde moitié du XIXe siécle","authors":"Anatole Le Bras","doi":"10.3917/lms1.279.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.279.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper examines how the internment of the mentally ill contributed to the regulation of marital relationships in France in the second half of the 19th century. It focuses on interment in an asylum as an instrument for resolving marital dysfunction—a strategy that spouses learned to use against each other. The second section shows how the stay in an institution reshaped a couple's relationship: the asylum doctors endeavoured to keep the spouses at a distance and the guardianship exercised by the institution partly suspended marital authority. Finally, the third section examines the influence of marital ties on the process of discharge, which was often conditional on the spouse's agreement, particularly when the wife was interned. In the end, internment cannot be viewed simply as an instrument for reaffirming the marital and patriarchal order; it was also a moment of disruption or suspension—albeit partial and temporary—of the marital order.Abstract:Cet article étudie la manière dont l'internement asilaire participe à la régulation des liens conjugaux dans la France de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle. Il s'intéresse en premier lieu au placement à l'asile, qui s'offre comme un instrument de résolution des dysfonctionnements du couple, dont les époux apprennent à faire usage l'un envers l'autre. Le séjour en institution, envisagé dans un deuxième temps, reconfigure les relations de couple : les médecins aliénistes s'efforcent de maintenir les conjoints à distance et la tutelle exercée par l'institution suspend en partie l'autorité maritale. Enfin, la troisième partie étudie l'influence des liens conjugaux à la sortie de l'asile, qui est souvent subordonnée à l'accord de l'époux, en particulier pour les femmes internées. En définitive, l'internement ne saurait être réduit à un simple instrument de réaffirmation de l'ordre conjugal et patriarcal ; il apparaît aussi comme l'occasion d'une perturbation ou d'une suspension – certes partielle et provisoire – de l'ordre du couple.","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49372700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utiliser l'institution pour redéfinir les liens familiaux : Les collectifs enfants-parents des années 1968","authors":"Elsa Neuville","doi":"10.3917/lms1.279.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.279.0171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the 1970s, \"child-parent groups\" were created in several French cities. They were opposed to the way municipal nurseries took care of children. By opposing the policy of excluding parents, which was still applied in most nurseries, these collectives became places for rethinking relations between families and institutions, and where new ways of transforming them on a daily basis were tested. These groups sometimes blurred the lines between an institution and an extended family. This extended family dimension also made them spaces where a transformation of the \"patriarchal\" family was sought, in particular through a greater involvement of fathers. Despite this context, it is difficult to measure whether actual transformations of family ties took place within the nuclear families that created these collectives.Abstract:Dans les années 1968, des « collectifs enfants-parents » sont créés dans plusieurs villes de France, en réaction à la prise en charge des enfants dans les crèches municipales. En s'opposant à l'exclusion des parents que mettent alors en œuvre la plupart des crèches, ces collectifs deviennent des lieux où les relations entre familles et institutions sont repensées et où sont testées de nouvelles manières de les transformer au quotidien. Leurs contours recouvrent parfois ceux d'une institution et d'une famille élargie. Cette dimension de famille élargie en fait également des espaces où est recherchée une transformation de la famille « patriarcale », notamment par une plus grande implication des pères, bien qu'il soit difficile de mesurer si des transformations effectives des liens familiaux se sont produites au sein des familles ayant composé ces collectifs.","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47649971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une brèche dans le système belge de relations collectives? Les grèves à Citroën-Forest (1969–1970)","authors":"Elie Teicher","doi":"10.3917/lms1.278.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.278.0089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:La Belgique est souvent présentée comme un pays modèle en matière de concertation sociale, dont le fonctionnement aurait trouvé son équilibre dans les années 1960. L’étude des grèves à l’usine Citroën de Forest (1969–1970) invite à interroger à nouveaux frais le système de relations collectives lorsqu’il est confronté à des conflits qui débordent le cadre qu’il leur assigne : pratiques répressives du patronat, conflits sociaux spontanés des travailleurs, militants autour de l’usine, méfiance envers les représentants syndicaux ou encore forte présence de travailleurs d’origine immigrée. Cette contribution entend questionner ces impensés de la concertation sociale à travers les attitudes des nouveaux acteurs sociaux (travailleurs immigrés, étudiants, militants révolutionnaires), les réactions des acteurs mobilisés pour résoudre le conflit (État, syndicats, patronat) et de ceux appelés à le réprimer (polices). Davantage qu’une exception, le « cas Citroën » révèle les limites de la concertation sociale et invite à questionner ce renouvellement de la combativité ouvrière au regard de la situation de l’après-68 en France.Abstract:Belgium is often presented as a model country in terms of labour consultation, a model that is said to have found its balance in the 1960s. By studying the strikes at the Citroën factory in Forest (1969–1970), we are prompted to take a fresh look at the system of collective bargaining when it is confronted with conflicts that fall outside its framework: repressive practices by management, wildcat strikes by workers, activists around the factory, mistrust of union representatives, or a substantial presence of immigrant workers. This paper aims to investigate these neglected aspects of social dialogue by looking at the attitudes of new labour stakeholders (e.g., immigrant workers, students and revolutionary activists), the reactions of actors mobilised to resolve conflicts (e.g., the state, unions and employers) and those called upon to repress it (police). More than a single exception, the “Citroën case” reveals the limits of social dialogue and leads us to look more closely at this renewal of workers’ combativity in light of the post-68 situation in France.","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les jeunes collaboratrices et les jeunes collaborateurs face à l’épuration : une justice à part?","authors":"Fabien Lostec","doi":"10.3917/lms1.278.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.278.0115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Cet article se penche sur un groupe d’épurés méconnu : les mineurs accusés de faits de collaboration à la Libération. Grâce à un corpus de 1 300 filles et garçons jugés dans six départements représentatifs de la France sous l’Occupation, l’objectif est d’examiner l’attitude des tribunaux de l’épuration à l’égard des mineurs durant une période où l’État cherche à éloigner les jeunes délinquants de droit commun du droit pénal. Alors que l’ordonnance du 2 février 1945 pose comme principe la primauté de la prévention sur la répression, les pratiques de la justice exceptionnelle de l’épuration s’alignent-elles sur celles de la justice ordinaire ? Pour répondre à cette question et après avoir présenté le visage des justiciables, on étudie successivement la répression judiciaire des jeunes, les faits qui leur sont reprochés et le décalage existant entre les peines prononcées et les peines réellement subies. Limitée au territoire français, l’étude invite enfin à une histoire connectée et transnationale des épurations des mineurs en Europe au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.Abstract:This paper looks at a little-known group of individuals who endured purges: minors accused of having collaborated during the Second World War. Using a corpus of 1,300 girls and boys tried in six departments representative of France under the Occupation, the aim is to examine how minors were treated by the purge trials during a period in which the state sought to keep young common law offenders away from the criminal justice system. While the Ordinance of 2 February 1945 established the principle of the primacy of prevention over repression, were the practices of the exceptional legal purge aligned with those of the ordinary justice system? To answer this question, after giving a presentation of the accused, we study the legal repression of young people, the acts of which they were accused, and the gap between the sentences handed down and the sentences they actually served. While this paper is limited to France, it concludes by opening up to a connected and transnational history of the purges of minors in Europe at the end of the Second World War.","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45808255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruire la pêche française","authors":"F. Locher","doi":"10.3917/lms1.278.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.278.0073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42038678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une généalogie coloniale des politiques prohibitives en France durant la Première Guerre mondiale ?","authors":"Nessim Znaien","doi":"10.3917/lms1.278.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.278.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:L’objet de cet article est de questionner des circulations d’idées et de pratiques au sein de l’empire colonial français, à travers les politiques prohibitives adoptées en France à partir de la Première Guerre mondiale. La plupart des colonies font l’objet de mesures restrictives relatives à la consommation d’alcool dès la fin du xixe siècle. Ces politiques, menées notamment en Côte d’Ivoire, à Madagascar ou au Maroc, fournissent-elles des matrices aux administrateurs de la Grande Guerre ? L’analyse de la correspondance de la haute administration coloniale, de la presse antialcoolique et des débats parlementaires métropolitains permet d’interroger cette échelle impériale comme modèle explicatif possible des politiques métropolitaines. Pour engager cette réflexion, nous nous concentrons sur deux grandes lois prohibitives métropolitaines de l’année 1915, l’une interdisant l’absinthe, l’autre imposant une autorisation administrative pour chaque ouverture de débit de boissons.Abstract:The purpose of this article is to investigate the circulation of ideas and practices within the French colonial empire, through prohibitive policies adopted in France from the First World War onwards. Most of the colonies were subject to measures restricting alcohol consumption from the late 19th century. Did these policies – particularly in the Ivory Coast, Madagascar and Morocco – provide a template for the administrators of the Great War? The analysis of the correspondence of the senior colonial administration, of the anti-alcohol press and of the parliamentary debates in metropolitan France will allow us to investigate this imperial level as a possible explanatory model for metropolitan policies. As a starting point, we will focus on two major prohibitive laws passed in 1915 in metropolitan France: one banning absinthe, and the other requiring administrative authorisation prior to opening any drinking establishment.","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47596481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le timbre des affiches","authors":"Frédéric Graber","doi":"10.3917/lms1.278.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/lms1.278.0055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54158,"journal":{"name":"Mouvement Social","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46985065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}