Culture Agriculture Food and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Crisis, Disruption, and Renewal: Diverse Approaches to Understanding How Communities Navigate Loss and Disconnection","authors":"M. Styles, D. Sen","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12246","url":null,"abstract":"At the time we are writing this, the world is focused on fighting an unprecedented global pandemic following the spread of COVID-19. Many have been advised to work from home, and “social distancing” policies prohibit face-to-face interactions or social gatherings of more than ten. The articles in this issue reflect the creative and collaborative ways that anthropologists, including archaeologists, study how people experience and adapt to rapid or gradual ecological and social change in specific community contexts. As we grapple personally and intellectually with how to navigate the connections and disconnections created by COVID-19, these articles remind us of the many analytical tools that we have for researching processes of crisis, disruption, and renewal. The authors help us understand how communities process, grieve, remember, and work collaboratively toward renewal after experiencing different types of loss of environmental quality, livelihood, access to familiar foods, and mobility across borders. They remind us to take time to understand the deeply emotional, as well as the political and economic, processes at work in times of crisis and inspire us to continue working together (despite social distancing) to document the ways that communities navigate disruption. In Farming the Great Sage Plain: Experimental Agroarchaeology and the Basketmaker III Soil Record, Cynthia M. Fadem and Shanna R. Diederichs draw on the results of two research projects undertaken by the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center to investigate patterns of soil development in the semiarid Mesa Verde region. This research allows them to explore the effects of dryland agricultural practices used by Ancestral Pueblo peoples on pedogenesis (the process of soil formation) and soil fertility. These findings are important for understanding Ancestral Pueblo farming practices and lifeways and for mitigating the effects of climate change and desertification in this region today. Fadem and Diederichs also demonstrate the value of collaborative research in archaeology; at Crow Canyon, archaeologists work alongside members of the Hopi tribe as they experiment with traditional farming techniques. Suzanne Kent and Keri Vacanti Brondo explore the importance of documenting how communities identify and ritualize emotional experiences of environmental loss in “Years Ago the Crabs Was so Plenty”: Anthropology’s Role in Ecological Grieving and Conservation Work. They tease out the many ways that ecological grieving is central to our experiences in the Anthropocene and how it can create spaces for hope and regeneration. Working collaboratively with conservationists based in Honduras, Kent and Brondo conducted interviews with people living on the island of Utila. They examine these particular narratives of ecological loss and call on anthropologists to pay closer attention to the emotional dynamics of environmental change. Consumption, especially of food, is a key form of political engagement, a","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75367159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life on the Other Border: Farmworkers and Food Justice in Vermont Teresa M. Mares. 2019. Berkeley: University of California Press, 240 pages, ISBN: 9780520295735 paperback.","authors":"James P. Verinis","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12249","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"65-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91396305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Place at the Well: The Imperative for Farmer Inclusion in Water Conservation Policy Design","authors":"Caela O’Connell,&nbsp;Krista Billingsley","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Achieving cleaner water for rural and suburban communities in a sustainable way requires approaches tailored to the unique socioeconomic, ecological, and historic contexts embedded in a particular community and place. Water quality trading (WQT) is a payment for ecosystem services style policy that is currently popular across North America as a mechanism to reduce water pollution from rural communities. Yet this approach is failing to generate markets with enough trades to measurably improve waterways. Some failures are attributed to poor program design and others to stakeholder communities who are averse to the premise or morality of WQT. However, rural communities are not homogenous and many are in fact amenable to payment for ecosystem services policies such as WQT. Although our case study identified Tennessee watersheds as “feasible” locations, we present evidence that the typical program design parameters would fail, despite having a willing population of farmers. We argue that identifying amenable communities or feasible locations simplifies the agency of stakeholders and is ultimately insufficient to make ecosystem services programs work unless the design and implementation phases of the programs include local stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91824055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Place at the Well: The Imperative for Farmer Inclusion in Water Conservation Policy Design","authors":"C. O’Connell, Krista Billingsley","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12247","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving cleaner water for rural and suburban communities in a sustainable way requires approaches tailored to the unique socioeconomic, ecological, and historic contexts embedded in a particular community and place. Water quality trading (WQT) is a payment for ecosystem services style policy that is currently popular across North America as a mechanism to reduce water pollution from rural communities. Yet this approach is failing to generate markets with enough trades to measurably improve waterways. Some failures are attributed to poor program design and others to stakeholder communities who are averse to the premise or morality of WQT. However, rural communities are not homogenous and many are in fact amenable to payment for ecosystem services policies such as WQT. Although our case study identified Tennessee watersheds as “feasible” locations, we present evidence that the typical program design parameters would fail, despite having a willing population of farmers. We argue that identifying amenable communities or feasible locations simplifies the agency of stakeholders and is ultimately insufficient to make ecosystem services programs work unless the design and implementation phases of the programs include local stakeholders. [water quality, agriculture, payment for ecosystem services, policy, economics]","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78859076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wilted: Pathogens, Chemicals and the Fragile Future of the Strawberry Industry Julie Guthman. 2019. Berkeley: University of California Press, 328 pages, ISBN: 978052030528, paperback.","authors":"Susan Andreatta","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12244","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78172844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopolitics, Food Security, and Imaginings of the State in Qatar’s Desert Landscape","authors":"Kristin V. Monroe","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In June 2017, a geopolitical crisis that emerged in the Arab Gulf between Qatar and several of its neighboring countries resulted in the severing of diplomatic ties and the imposition of a land, sea, and air embargo on Qatar. This article explores how the import, production, and consumption of food in Qatar came to constitute a key geopolitical axis during the first year of the crisis. Building on scholarly work that examines food as not just a part of the economic and social fields but also a form of political engagement, I argue that food became an important arena of politics during the blockade in several ways. First, the state’s reorganization of trade networks and its support for Qatari agricultural production became a site for the expansion of the state’s food security agenda. Second, the consumption of food—and the physical space of the supermarket itself—became a geopolitical battleground as new trade arrangements led to the replacement of products made by “blockading countries” with those from alternative ones. The intensification of local agricultural production, in turn, forged a “buy local” consumer culture that shaped, and was shaped by, nationalist sentiments. Looking closely at the import, production, and consumption of food during the blockade illuminates the ways in which food is an everyday medium through which state ideologies and state imaginings of the nation are constructed and circulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91879244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Saving” Plant Genetic Resources (& Ourselves) in a Time of Accelerating Ecological Change","authors":"Megan Styles,&nbsp;Brandi Janssen","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12242","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12242","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The articles in this issue examine the strategies that farmers, scientists, and citizens use to “save” the things that matter to us (our seeds, our bodies, our farms, and our communities) in the midst of accelerating, human-induced environmental degradation. They investigate the ways that these actors imagine the future—the ways that they seek to preserve what they see as vital, prevent what they see as unacceptable, and (sometimes) give in to what they see as unavoidable. The authors meticulously document the &lt;i&gt;care&lt;/i&gt; that these actors invest in saving seeds, cultivating gardens, ensuring farm success, and documenting the information necessary for these things to be sustained (or resurrected) in an uncertain future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We begin by presenting a special issue of four articles that provide insight into the world of seed banking, which has become a major strategy for preserving plant genetic resources in the Anthropocene. The authors take us inside a few of the major institutions that play a role in collecting and preparing seeds for banking, exploring how they developed historically, how they function today, and &lt;i&gt;who&lt;/i&gt; plays a role in caring for these seeds and determining their future use. Together, this collection helps us understand the political-economic machinations, the everyday labor, and the imagined futures involved in seed saving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Also in this issue, Janette Bulkan provides a meticulous overview of &lt;i&gt;The Place of Bitter Cassava in the Social Organization and Belief Systems of Two Indigenous Peoples of Guyana&lt;/i&gt;. Drawing on historical resources and her own ethnographic research, Bulkan explains how and why cassava remains central to indigenous diets and cultural practices in Guyana, despite the availability of processed wheat flour and white rice. She pays particular attention to the role of women in cultivating cassava and protecting and disseminating knowledge about particular cultivars. She also explores the role of cassava in the areruya belief system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;i&gt;Beyond Alternative Food Networks: Understanding Motivations to Participate in Orti Urbani in Palermo,&lt;/i&gt; Giuseppina Migliore, Pietro Romeo, Riccardo Testa, and Giorgio Schifani examine why residents of Palermo (the largest city in Sicily) choose to participate in urban gardening. While previous studies have focused on political motivations for involvement with &lt;i&gt;orti urbani&lt;/i&gt;, the authors found citizens involved in these gardens were primarily concerned about eating safe food. Many cannot afford to buy organic foods; so they choose to grow their own. The authors frame their work within an interesting reading of the history of &lt;i&gt;orti urbani&lt;/i&gt; and argue that Palermo should allocate more green space to these gardens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thomas L. Henshaw considers collegiate food service systems in &lt;i&gt;Is the Emergence of the “Fresh Prep” Food Service Provider an Entrée into Local Foods?&lt;/i&gt; Henshaw considers emergent strategies of food service firms, especially tho","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"41 2","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80707857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farming the Great Sage Plain: Experimental Agroarchaeology and the Basketmaker III Soil Record","authors":"Cynthia M. Fadem,&nbsp;Shanna R. Diederichs","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12241","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article draws together data from two of Crow Canyon Archaeological Center's recent research projects and combines these data in new ways to elucidate the relationship between Mesa Verde region soil development and non-irrigation farming practices. The Pueblo Farming Project (PFP) seeks to preserve traditional farming knowledge and educate the public concerning traditional farming and the place of corn in Pueblo cultures. The Basketmaker Communities Project (BCP) focuses on understanding the Basketmaker III Period and the development of Early Pueblo communities. Pedologic data from each of Crow Canyon's experimental gardens, a mature piñon–juniper forest, and four Basketmaker sites reveal patterns of soil development. The Mesa Verde Loess-based soils become indurated with use and must be remediated, fallowed, or abandoned, with implications for site choice and residence time. Induration and productivity appear to vary inversely over time, with impacts due to management, vegetation, exposure, and use-life. Understanding the interplay of climate, cultural practice, and pedogenesis is, therefore, key to deciphering this geocultural record and pursuing agricultural sustainability in this region. We present a framework for unifying these lines of investigation and to facilitate moving future studies forward together.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"4-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91795988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Banking as Cryopower: A Cryopolitical Account of the Work of the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources, 1973–1984","authors":"Sara Peres","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The implications of freezing seeds to conserve genes statically and for the long term are complex and deserve further reflection to appreciate seed banking as an attempt to detach seeds from their life cycle. Here, I use a cryopolitical framework to explore this in the context of the activities of the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) between 1973 and 1984. I suggest that the emergence of seed banks is a shift toward a cryopower mode of governance, where technoscientific intervention in the biology of seeds was presented as a means to manage the survival of seeds. The project of ex situ conservation is a socio-technical effort by international institutions such as IBPGR and a variety of institutions with seed repositories. In creating a coldscape, they sought to make genetic resources into frozen seeds that were stable and mobile, not only across space but, importantly, over time. Consequently, our interpretations of seed banks as sites of geopolitical significance in the controversies over access to seeds can be complemented by considering their biopolitical importance as interventions that extend the power of IBPGR and other institutions toward plant life, and the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"41 2","pages":"76-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10608510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The First Step Is to Bring It Into Our Hands:” Wild Seed Conservation, the Stewardship of Species Survival, and Gardening the Anthropocene at the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership","authors":"Kay E. Lewis-Jones","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12238","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conserving wild plant seeds at the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP) provides insurance by facilitating the reintroduction of threatened species. However, seed bank collections also provide an easily accessible resource for research into innovative conservation approaches and the adaptive management of natural resources and landscapes. In this regard, the MSBP corresponds with an emerging body of practice dubbed “New Conservation” that responds to the environmental implications of the Anthropocene and introduces the prospect of “gardening” nature. By examining the attitudes expressed by seed bank staff in the UK and United States. This article illustrates their awareness of the tension between the need to mitigate species extinction and the anthropocentrically governed, or gardened, form that the species’ survival might subsequently take. Those within the MSBP were often thoughtfully engaged with the ideological questions their practice raises. However, external expectations of what seed bank collections facilitate, such as those of funders, will also impact how these collections are used. These expectations present selective pressures that risk limiting and thus filtering which species are reintroduced from the bank and the form in which their place in the world is forged.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":"41 2","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82284941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}