{"title":"Dynamic Layer Configuration Methods for Multi-Altitude UAV Routes","authors":"Ryuma Saito;Kiyoshi Ueda;Takumi Miyoshi;Taku Yamazaki;Ryo Yamamoto","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0154","url":null,"abstract":"Various methods have been investigated for constructing UAV routes using ad hoc network protocols implemented on wireless devices, such as residential smart meters. In our previous study, we proposed route-reservation methods to prevent link conflicts when many UAVs operate simultaneously. To reduce route construction failures caused by reserved links, we introduced hierarchical link layer approaches. However, these methods did not sufficiently reduce route construction failures. In this study, we propose a method to dynamically configure the number of link layers based on real-time UAV traffic demand. This method utilizes the Erlang B formula from circuit-switching theory to determine the optimal number of layers. These methods aim to reduce route construction failures by optimizing the number of layers. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods through computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 4","pages":"83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koki Morita;Masato Saito;Takaya Yamazato;Hideki Omote;Akihiro Sato;Sho Kimura
{"title":"Relative Angle of Arrival Estimation in Multipath Channels with Omnidirectional Antenna","authors":"Koki Morita;Masato Saito;Takaya Yamazato;Hideki Omote;Akihiro Sato;Sho Kimura","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0169","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate sitespecific radio propagation characterization, including both the Power Delay Profile (PDP) and Angle of Arrival (AoA), is critical for deploying mobile communication systems. However, conventional methods are inefficient because PDPs measured with an omnidirectional antenna fail to capture the AoA. Consequently, separate, time-consuming measurements using mechanically rotated directional antennas or complex calibrated array antennas are required. This paper proposes a novel and efficient method for simultaneously estimating both PDP and relative AoA using data obtained from a pair of single moving antenna and a reference antenna. The proposed technique leverages the phase information inherent in the channel data, specifically by processing the phase difference between spatially adjacent profiles acquired during the antenna's movement. This approach eliminates the need for mechanical rotation or specialized array hardware. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, highlighting its potential to drastically reduce the time and complexity required for comprehensive channel characterization.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 4","pages":"95-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11396089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binary-Phase Shift Keying Based Time-Domain Index Modulation Signal Detection with Low Power Local Oscillator","authors":"Wataru Imajuku;Mashu Sawada","doi":"10.23919/comex.2026XBL0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2026XBL0009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates Binary-Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) based Time-Domain Single Carrier Index Modulation (TDSC-IM) optical signaling for next generation very high speed Passive Optical Network (VH-PON) systems that use coherent detection. Our preliminary 2.9 GBaud experiments demonstrated that the sensitivity gain attainable with TDSC-IM signaling can be used to reduce local oscillator power at receivers. This paper details additional experiments with the higher baud rate of 12.5 Gbaud and confirms the reproducibility of optical signal detection with 7 dB lower local oscillator power with the assistance of a newly developed adaptive finite-impulse response filter applicable to TDSC-IM optical signaling.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"126-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accuracy Improvement of Cumulative TDOA/FDOA-Based Geolocation for Unknown Radio Sources Using Dual LEO Satellites","authors":"Takeshi Amishima","doi":"10.23919/comex.2026XBL0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2026XBL0034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates geolocation of an unknown radio source on the Earth's surface using time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements obtained from two low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. To improve localization accuracy, a cumulative TDOA/FDOA-based localization method is proposed by extending the conventional single-measurement approach to multiple time-sequential measurements. A theoretical expression for the localization error covariance is derived to evaluate positioning accuracy analytically. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) by 67.6% compared with the conventional method. The simulation results are shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"152-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bidirectional Spectroscopic Method for Measuring Attenuation and Intrinsic Emission Spectra in Fluorescent Optical Fibers","authors":"Takuya Hamasaki;Yasuhiro Tsutsumi","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0119","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a method for evaluating both the attenuation coefficient spectrum and the intrinsic emission spectrum of fluorescent fibers. The method is based on scanning the excitation position along the fiber and measuring fluorescence spectra simultaneously at both ends. The attenuation coefficient is extracted from the square root of the spectral ratio, and the intrinsic emission spectrum is obtained by normalizing spectra at a reference wavelength. Measurements with a plastic scintillation fiber (Kuraray SCSF-78) yielded attenuation spectra consistent with specifications, confirming the validity of the method. The approach is also applicable to luminescent solar concentrators and fluorescent-fiber antennas for visible light communication.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"114-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending Post-Disaster Network Lifetime through Traffic Offloading to High-Altitude Platform Stations","authors":"Shunsuke Kishi;Hiroki Nishiyama","doi":"10.23919/comex.2026XBL0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2026XBL0031","url":null,"abstract":"In the aftermath of large-scale natural disasters, power outages often render terrestrial base stations (BSs) inoperable, severely disrupting wireless communication for information dissemination and emergency response. This study investigates traffic offloading to a high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) to extend the network lifetime of post-disaster wireless networks. We develop a mathematical model accounting for the remaining energy of BSs, the traffic capacity of the HAPS, and user traffic demand, and conduct numerical simulations under various traffic conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of HAPS-assisted traffic offloading and provide insights for disaster-resilient wireless network design.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"160-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indoor Radio Wave Measurement System with Integrated Simultaneous Localization and Mapping","authors":"Grant Lewis Bulaong;Takuichi Hirano","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0175","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an embedded system that integrates Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) with Software-Defined Radio (SDR) for indoor radio wave propagation heatmapping. The system generates measurement-based heatmaps in real time and supports the preparation of simulation-based heatmaps via post-processing of the SLAM occupancy map. The SDR is configured to estimate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and channel state information (CSI) from the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) preamble. Tests in two indoor scenarios show good agreement between measurements and ray-tracing simulations. This letter also compares the preamble-based SNR estimation against a signal-agnostic reference method, demonstrating good agreement.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"134-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automating SSVC: A Worst-Case Scenario Approach for Evaluating Human Impact of Vulnerabilities","authors":"Daisuke Tsuji;Yuki Ueki;Nobutaka Kawaguchi;Tomo Kakuta;Hirofumi Nakakoji","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0172","url":null,"abstract":"The number of cybersecurity vulnerabilities continues to rise, which exposes many organizations to critical risk. To address this issue, we aim to automate vulnerability triage by a Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC) decision tree for deployers. A challenge is that the decision point of Human Impact (HI), which comprises the impact on safety and mission, depends on both organizational context and vulnerability characteristics, making its automated evaluation difficult. We therefore propose a method that automatically determines HI by combining the pre-assessed worst-case impact with the technical impact of a vulnerability. Specifically, in the preparatory phase, we pre-assess the worst-case impact on safety and mission for each CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability). Then, when a new vulnerability is discovered during the operational phase, the proposed method adjusts the worst-case impact by considering the level of the vulnerability's technical impact to derive the actual HI. The results of experiments using large language models indicates that the proposed method can automatically evaluate HI at near-expert levels. We also discuss the industrial applicability of the proposed method, including its integration with ticketing systems.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"156-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A K-Means Clustering Data Selection Method for Low-Complexity Least Squares in Digital Predistortion","authors":"Gang Yang;Fei Yang;Yanan Luo","doi":"10.23919/comex.2026XBL0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2026XBL0014","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Predistortion (DPD) is a widely adopted technique to mitigate power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity, where the Least Squares (LS) method is commonly used for predistorter model coefficient estimation. However, the LS method faces a fundamental trade-off between estimation accuracy and computational complexity, where the input data length plays a important role. To address this, this paper proposes a data selection method combining k-means clustering and a Look-Up Table (LUT). First, the k-means algorithm adaptively extracts cluster centers as representative data points, which retain the critical statistical characteristics of the original long sequence by grouping samples with similar nonlinear response patterns. Second, the LUT-based simplification stores precomputed centroids offline and enables hardware-friendly online data selection via squared Euclidean distance discrimination, avoiding real-time clustering overhead. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed method only requires input data length of around 250 to achieve −41.5 dB and −51 dB value in Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) and Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR), respectively. Moreover, the LUT simplification introduces negligible performance degradation while significantly reducing hardware latency and resource consumption.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karin Umeda;Kenji Miyamoto;Tomoya Hatano;Tatsuya Shimada
{"title":"Optical-Wireless Cooperative Sleep Control with Traffic Prediction for Energy Efficient Radio Access Network","authors":"Karin Umeda;Kenji Miyamoto;Tomoya Hatano;Tatsuya Shimada","doi":"10.23919/comex.2025XBL0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/comex.2025XBL0167","url":null,"abstract":"While 6G necessitates more stringent performance requirements, efforts towards carbon neutrality are prompting a focus on energy-saving in networks. However, the power consumption of distributed units (DUs) in radio access network (RAN) is expected to significantly increase due to the rise in computational load for antenna signals processing resulting from rising traffic volumes. Thus, we propose an energy-saving method for RAN that sleeps unused DUs and optical transceivers using traffic prediction with machine learning. Our evaluation showed that the power consumption reduction effect can be increased more than 20% compared to implementing only DU sleep.","PeriodicalId":54101,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Communications Express","volume":"15 5","pages":"122-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}