{"title":"On a consistent state-space bond markets model for pricing long-maturity bonds","authors":"Dennis Ikpe, Yethu Sithole, S. Gyamerah","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500244","url":null,"abstract":"In most financial markets, prices for long-maturity derivatives are not readily available due to illiquidity. This reality is particularly common in bond markets, as it is very challenging to model prices consistently—for medium-to-long-term bonds under a single specification of the underlying interest rate process. We develop a bond market state-space model that incorporates uncertainty in the underlying interest rate process parameters. Our state-space representation, coupled with the complementary Kalman filtering, provides a modeling configuration that permits for liquidity risk management and pricing that is designed in a consistent fashion for both medium- and long-term bonds. As an example, we constructed a state-space bond market modeling system formulated on the two-factor Vasicek interest rate model. Wherein, the interest rate model is subject to noise for medium-to-long-term bond maturities and follows an unobservable process. We demonstrate our Kalman filter algorithm using the observed United States (US) 10 year bond yield data.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44976871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analytical analysis of Alphabet and Google platform business models","authors":"Shruti Mishra, Priyanshu Mishra","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500293","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, due to the emergence of internet and big data, there is an immediate evolution of competitive business models and new strategies. A business model can be defined as an architectural arrangement of the components of profitable transactions developed to explore businesses’ prospects. Previously, companies were operating on a basic pipeline structure where producers puked out products from one end to another end to consumers. Since the advent of technology businesses working on platforms have managed to improve their revenue modeling, their brick and mortar working patterns have been reconsidered. Google being one of the quintessential platforms has come through over the time improving their business modeling and keeping in pace with the technology and strategizing itself and being one of the most successful platform models in value creation. This paper discusses how Google has explored its business model technology into value creation for its company.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45627121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can exchange-traded funds be profitably traded with the trading range breakout technical trading rule?","authors":"Kok-Leong Yap, Wee‐Yeap Lau, Izlin Ismail","doi":"10.1142/s242478632250027x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s242478632250027x","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates whether the trading range breakout technical trading rule can be applied in exchange-traded funds. Using the samples of crude oil exchange-traded funds, namely USO, USL, UCO, and DBO, that track West Texas intermediate (WTI), the results indicate that the trading range breakout technical trading rule outperforms the benchmark buy-and-hold strategy. In addition, a volatility-based trading range breakout technical trading rule is proposed to enhance trading performance. The results suggest that the proposed TGARCH-MA can be used as a technical trading rule to assist investors and fund managers interested in using the trading range breakout in exchange-traded funds.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47143450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust nonparametric estimation for the volatility of financial market","authors":"Chu-Ching Kao, Yuping Song","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500219","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of a macroeconomic policy would lead to a jump of financial data and the presence of jump behaviors might make the statistical methods for high-frequency sampling data to face new challenges. This paper will use the threshold function technique to disentangle the continuous part and the jump part from the high frequency financial data. Moreover, in the financial practices, the abnormal observations contained in the data could cause bias from nonparametric estimation based on least squares. The paper will employ the local M estimation to provide a robust estimator for the unknown diffusion coefficient of the diffusion model with jumps under high frequency sampling data. Under certain conditions for the initial values, this paper further considers one-step local M estimation for the unknown diffusion coefficient which can reduce the calculation quantity under the estimation efficiency. The Monte Carlo numerical simulation results verify that compared with the local linear threshold estimator, the threshold one-step local M estimator is more accurate and more robust. Finally, the threshold one-step local M estimator in this paper is applied to the Shanghai composite index of 2015 and 2020 in China and the Nasdaq index of 2020 in USA, which illustrates the method considered in this paper possesses good finite sample properties.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43531333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does the Indian economy progress toward a cashless economy?","authors":"M. Banu, Ibrahim Cholakkal","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500207","url":null,"abstract":"The cashless payment system has been considered a critical driver for the country’s economic growth and development. Recently, financial institutions and services have undergone drastic changes due to rapid digitalization. Over the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made toward transforming India into an inclusive digital financial system, cost-effective, convenient, transparent, accountable and secure, bringing underserved and excluded rural people into the economic mainstream. All these efforts led to the transformation of India into a greater cashless economy. Despite the rapid expansion of digital financial transactions in India, cash still accounts for a significant share of payment. India observed a simultaneous growth of the cash economy and digital payments, which created a paradoxical situation. This situation twisted a lesson for policymakers who imagined all cash was shady and that digital must necessarily dent the cash economy. This research paper analyzes the trends and progress of digital payment for transactions in India and the developments to make India a cashless economy. It also examines whether a long-promised cashless society will become a reality, or will currency continue to play a critical role in everyday transactions, as it had for decades?","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49522349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative analysis on the three popular causality modeling methodologies","authors":"Xueyang Shi, Bing-Fen Cheng","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500190","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of causality has lasted for over thousands of years. Unlike the idea of statistical correlation and regression, performing causal modeling and prediction is an even more challenging job. Under the intervention framework of causality, causal modeling is gaining popularity given the advances of big data and computational ability in recent years. In different scientific research areas, there exist three powerful causal modeling methodologies, namely, the potential outcomes method in statistics, the instrumental variables method in economics and Judea Pearl’s causal diagram method (do-calculus) in computer science and artificial intelligence. In this paper, by linear causal modeling assumption, we prove that the above three causal methodologies are equivalent. That is, given a causal problem, all of the three modeling methods will generate the same causal relationship conclusion, despite that they own different causal inference processes. During the past one-and-half years, the global economy suffers severe impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. To fight the deadly pandemic, various social distancing measures and actions, taken by the countries, are effective in curbing the impact of the pandemic over the population. However, such social distancing policy has an adverse effect over the global economy growth; if more stringent measures were taken, then there would be suffering in the forms of much slower economic growth and higher unemployment. In this paper, we study the causal relationships between social distancing, fatality rate and economy growth. This work provides a useful tool for the governments to keep balance between controlling the pandemic and maintaining economic growth.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43311079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symbolic regression-based adaptive generation of implied volatility","authors":"J. Yen, Y. Qi, Seng Fat Wong, Jiantao Zhou","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500189","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper introduces a new form of Implied Volatility calculation with Symbolic Regression suited for high-frequency trading. The solutions are easily migratable to hardware accelerators like Field Programmable Gate Arrays. This machine learning approach is flexible, and configurable for either high precision, lower latency, or energy efficiency. The model evaluates each mathematical operator in terms of cycles, which then generates highly parallel yet low depth formulas. From testing with C++, the formulas achieved higher accuracy and less than a sixth the time of traditional Implied Volatility models. The data were tested on the SPX dataset to validate accuracy.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45475999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lie symmetry analysis and exact solutions of time fractional Black–Scholes equation","authors":"Jicheng Yu, Yuqiang Feng, Xianjia Wang","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500232","url":null,"abstract":"The Black–Scholes equation is an important analytical tool for option pricing in finance. This paper discusses the constructive methods of exact solutions to time fractional Black–Scholes equation. By constructing one-parameter Lie symmetry transformations and their corresponding group generators, time fractional Black–Scholes equation is reduced to a fractional ordinary differential equation and some group-invariant solutions are obtained. Using the invariant subspace method, the analytical representations of two forms of exact solutions of time fractional Black–Scholes equation are given constructively, and the characteristics and differences of the two exact solutions are compared in the sense of geometric figures. In this paper, the form of the equation is generalized, and more group invariant solutions and analytical solutions in the form of separated variables are obtained.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46453561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shehzad, Shahzadah Fahed Qureshi, Muhammad Zubair Saeed, Shahid Ali
{"title":"The impact of financial risk attitude on objective-oriented investment behavior","authors":"A. Shehzad, Shahzadah Fahed Qureshi, Muhammad Zubair Saeed, Shahid Ali","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500220","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of financial risk attitude (FRA) on objective-oriented investment behavior (OOIB) of investors, particularly in underdeveloped countries, by introducing two novel constructs, namely financial satisfaction (FS) as a mediating variable and financial self-efficacy (FSE) as a moderating variable. A cross-sectional and a quantitative approach was used to collect 300 practical responses from active investors through an online questionnaire and a face-to-face interview. To test the hypothesized relationship between the constructed variables, SPSS and Smart PSL were used. According to the analysis, FRA positively impacts OOIB among Pakistani investors. Further, the moderating effect of FSE was found to be significantly positive in the relationship between FRA and FS. Additionally, FS mediates the relationship between FRA and OOIB. Accordingly, a FRA predicts FS and objective-driven investing behavior. This research will be helpful for institutional investors in providing financial services. The study is the first attempt in Pakistan to introduce FS as a mediating construct between FRA and OOIB. Furthermore, this study provides a basis for examining the relationship between FRA and FS as a moderating variable.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49495301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intelligent Stock Prediction: A Neural Network Approach","authors":"M. H. Shahrour, Mostafa Dekmak","doi":"10.1142/s2424786322500165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424786322500165","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the existence of financial markets, predicting stocks’ movement has been crucial for investors in order to increase their investment returns. Despite the plethora of research, the outstanding literature provides mixed results concerning the choice of model. Are Artificial Intelligence systems valid techniques in predicting stock prices? Do deep learning models outperform machine learning models? Through developing different machine and deep learning models, the overall findings reveal that deep learning techniques (i.e., ANN and LSTM) outperform machine learning techniques (i.e., SVR) in price prediction. The results are validated using different accuracy measures.","PeriodicalId":54088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Financial Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46647783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}