{"title":"Review: Battle Lines: Poetry and Mass Media in the U.S. Civil War, by Eliza Richards","authors":"R. Menke","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.77.2-3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.77.2-3.179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48058941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embodied Cognition in Edgar Allan Poe","authors":"S. Kinzinger","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.77.2-3.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.77.2-3.124","url":null,"abstract":"Stephanie Kinzinger, “Embodied Cognition in Edgar Allan Poe: Eureka’s Cosmology, Dupin’s Intuition” (pp. 124–144)\u0000 This essay argues that Edgar Allan Poe’s Eureka (1848) anticipates contemporary cognitive science’s theories of embodied cognition, particularly the notion that individuals’ minds and bodies are inextricable from their environments. Eureka’s cosmology of environmental entanglement, furthermore, surprisingly elucidates detective Auguste Dupin’s uncanny “intuitive” knowledge, as imbrication with cosmic processes affords limited, temporary access to extrapersonal knowledge. Dupin, I contend, capitalizes on the interconnectedness of mind and body, self and environment to attune himself to others, and in the process enacts a precursive version of “social mirroring.” However, along with the enabling possibilities inherent in such interconnectedness, Poe also illuminates its ontological dangers, as Dupin when intuiting transforms into a semi-abstracted self and loses some of his discrete individuality—without going as far as Poe’s mesmerists, whose complete opening to the universe’s extrapersonal forces leads to their annihilation as individual beings. I argue that such dangers shadow not only nineteenth-century transcendentalism’s cosmic egotism but also twenty-first-century cognitive science’s therapeutic agenda.","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48802750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Tale of Two Bureaucracies","authors":"Daniel Jenkin-Smith","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.77.2-3.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.77.2-3.93","url":null,"abstract":"Daniel Jenkin-Smith, “A Tale of Two Bureaucracies: The Formal Development of Mid-Nineteenth-Century French and British Office Novels” (pp. 93–123)\u0000 The history of British and French society over the long nineteenth century can be framed as two contrasting histories of bureaucratization. In France, a “rational” body of organizational rules and procedures coalesced quickly around the state, taking their paradigmatic form during the First Republic and Empire (1792–1814) but stagnating thereafter. In Britain, these structures developed piecemeal, and over a longer time, gaining relative coherence by the midcentury. In both cases, however, office work became a major social, ideological, and cultural phenomenon, one that warranted literary portrayal despite its apparent unconduciveness to conventional narrative forms. In this article I illustrate the shifting character of “office novels” within these contexts, and I accordingly operate from both a comparative and a longitudinal perspective: comparing novels from France and Britain produced during the midcentury period (pivotal in the history of bureaucracy and of the novel) that focus on office life. I argue that the changing role of the office career between William Makepeace Thackeray’s abortive office Bildungsroman The History of Samuel Titmarsh (1841) and Anthony Trollope’s The Three Clerks (1858) reflects the reform, saturation, and ideological legitimation of bureaucratic forms in Britain over this period. Meanwhile, the transition from Honoré de Balzac’s highly reflexive satirical novel Les Employés (1844) to Émile Gaboriau’s office-hopping Picaresque Les Gens de Bureau (1862) reflects an increasing jadedness in France about the ability of these structures to change.","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44052080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabienne C Fierz, Leah R Disse, Christopher J Bockisch, Konrad P Weber
{"title":"Apraclonidine-An eye opener.","authors":"Fabienne C Fierz, Leah R Disse, Christopher J Bockisch, Konrad P Weber","doi":"10.3389/fopht.2022.902821","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fopht.2022.902821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacological testing with apraclonidine eye drops induces a typical reversal of anisocoria in patients with Horner's syndrome. Moreover, apraclonidine was observed to have an elevating effect on the upper eyelid in Horner's syndrome as well as in healthy subjects, which is thought to be mediated by alpha-1 adrenergic receptors present in the Muller's muscle. We aim to quantitatively investigate the effect of apraclonidine on eyelid position in patients with Horner's syndrome compared to physiological anisocoria based on infrared video recordings from pupillometry. We included 36 patients for analysis who underwent binocular pupillometry before and after apraclonidine 1% testing for the evaluation of anisocoria. Vertical eyelid measurements were taken from infrared videos and averaged from multiple pupillometry cycles. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to determine the optimal cutoff value for change in eyelid aperture pre- and post-apraclonidine. A decrease of inter-eye difference in the aperture of >0.42 mm was discriminative of Horner's syndrome compared to physiological anisocoria with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 75%. Our data confirm an eyelid- elevating effect of the apraclonidine test, more pronounced in eyes with a sympathetic denervation deficit. Measuring eyelid aperture on pupillometry recordings may improve the diagnostic accuracy of apraclonidine testing in Horner's syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"20 1","pages":"902821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90146211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Byron and the Problem with Memory Arts","authors":"G. Rexroth","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.77.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.77.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Grace Rexroth, “Byron and the Problem with Memory Arts: Writing Don Juan for an Age of ‘Uncertain Paper’” (pp. 1–28)\u0000 In the first canto of Don Juan (1819–24), George Gordon, Lord Byron describes Juan’s mother as a woman whose memory needs no artificial aid: “Her memory was a mine. …For her Feinagle’s were an useless art.” The mention of “Feinagle” is a reference to a memory system designed by Gregor von Feinaigle, outlined in a book titled The New Art of Memory (1812). While the reference might appear insignificant, I argue that concerns about memory and mnemonic arts actually animate Byron’s poem. I view Feinaigle as a touchstone for a set of memory practices that proliferated into what Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine would later decry as an “explosion of mnemonics.” As the print landscape of the Regency era rapidly expanded, such systems promised to help readers deal with the resulting information overload by helping them to remember everything they read. Set within this context, Don Juan seems to respond to the same anxieties that animated the fad for mnemonics. However, rather than attempting to help readers remember everything, Byron foregrounds the question of what should be remembered and why—especially when it comes to memorializing war. In this way, Don Juan becomes an alternative Romantic memory palace animated by a cultural anxiety about how to read and recall what the powers-that-be would have us forget.","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46284451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Living Too Long","authors":"M. Redmond","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.77.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.77.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Matthew Redmond, “Living Too Long: Republican Time in Cooper’s Leatherstocking Novels” (pp. 29–55)\u0000 This essay first suggests that antebellum America’s cultural imagination was organized around patterns of generational succession unfolding across what I call “republican time,” and then explores the ways that James Fenimore Cooper’s Leatherstocking novels cross-examine and destabilize that pattern. Reading The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826), and The Prairie (1827) through the dual lenses of biopolitical criticism and temporality studies, I treat Natty Bumppo, with his stubborn refusal to die or even fully subside into the background of American life, as a friction against the machine of republican time and the idea of steady national progress it implies. With his peculiar perspective on national events, manifesting in a singular use of grammar, Natty’s character opens to Cooper’s readers certain alternative approaches to being in American time. Cooper’s writings thus demonstrate some of the ways that nineteenth-century American historical fiction, far from uncritically celebrating the forces of U.S. expansionism and imperialism, delivers an incisive critique of them.","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44412185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“I Sort Rather with Those who Do Not Read”","authors":"Wanne Mendonck","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.77.1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.77.1.56","url":null,"abstract":"Wanne Mendonck, “‘I Sort Rather with Those who Do Not Read’: Edward Carpenter, the Religion of Socialism, and the Prophetic Agitation of Literary Form” (pp. 56–90)\u0000 Edward Carpenter’s prose poem Towards Democracy (1883) constructs “new forms” to frame a radical voice that helped shape the British “socialist revival” of the 1880s and 1890s. Formal questions, however, have often been skirted in relation to Carpenter, or referred to his reputation as a disciple of Walt Whitman. This article argues, by contrast, that they can be productively asked in relation to a prophetic understanding of individual political and artistic agency, Carpenter’s working out of which is illustrated via his early play Moses (1875). Carpenter’s hybrid lyrical-narrative poetry is shaped by a deeply anxious self-consciousness about its political-spiritual duties, which expresses itself in a form that attempts to cancel out its own formalism. Its prose rhythms and hyperquotidian diction strain toward an immediacy that ultimately chafes against its own textuality. Only thus can Carpenter attain to the spontaneity and “inescapability” that support an understanding of pioneering, prophetic authorial agency that is at the basis of his conceptualization of politics, evolution, and queer sexuality. His poetry desires to intervene in the extratextual but is intratextually “agitated” by anxiety about the political viability of its own (counter)cultural authority and texture. This reading opens newly expansive ways of understanding Victorian literary form in its dialogic relationship with the political, arguing for a dynamic understanding that regards even the most experimental of late-nineteenth-century socialist poetry as responding to, and resisting, dilemmas of discursive authority and intelligibility implied by an embedded authorial model.","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46264447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wooshing London","authors":"Ji Eun Lee","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.76.4.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.76.4.455","url":null,"abstract":"Ji Eun Lee, “Wooshing London: Unsettling Acceleration in H. G. Wells’s Tono-Bungay” (pp. 455–490)\u0000 This essay reads H. G. Wells’s Tono-Bungay (1909) in the context of “wooshing” London—I take the word from the story—to see how the unsettling effect of this rapid urban mobility translates into the generic form of the novel. At the turn of the twentieth century, London was wooshing—that is to say, people and things in the city were moving by being displaced into a rushing flow, unprepared and unconnected, as the city was taken by revolutionary forms of urban transportation such as pneumatic and electric tubes, trams, elevators, escalators, motor buses, and cars. The word “woosh,” which was first used around the time that this mobility came into being, denotes a quick rushing movement based on hydraulic flow, and linguistically it functions as an interjection or a void in the semantic and syntactic flow of a sentence. Tono-Bungay shows different modes of unsettlement pervading London such as the whirlpool, passing stream, and flood. Yet it presents “woosh”—the way in which the patent medicine Tono-Bungay works and moves in commerce—as the ultimate mode of unsettlement that disconnects and displaces the locus of movement. Likewise, in Tono-Bungay, there is no locus of agency in the process of urban walking or in the reading process disrupting the narrative syntax. By emptying out the individual locus in the disconnecting, accelerating flow of his narrative—as London does in its urban mobility—Wells revises the genre into a form that embodies the city’s unsettling power.","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44139196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sailors, Book Hawkers, and Bricklayer’s Laborers","authors":"C. Schwab","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.76.4.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.76.4.403","url":null,"abstract":"Christiane Schwab, “Sailors, Book Hawkers, and Bricklayer’s Laborers: Social Types and the Production of Social Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Periodical Literature” (pp. 403–426)\u0000 This essay explores how the modern obsession with systems of human classification manifested and spread in an increasing market of periodical literature in nineteenth-century Europe. It examines the various epistemic and rhetorical techniques of social typification developed in “sociographic” sketch writing, focusing on examples from the multiauthored serials Heads of the People; or, Portraits of the English (1840–41) and Les Français peints par eux-mêmes (1840–42). The essay claims that, by combining depictions of social types with political commentary, economic and sociohistorical considerations, and satirical allusions, the epistemic-narrative strategy of typecasting met the educational and entertainment needs of a growing reading public. It furthermore evaluates the works of investigative reporters such as Henry Mayhew and Angus Bethune Reach as interfaces between journalistic-literary and “scientific” ways of social study. The essay aims to stimulate an understanding of literary typecasting as a sort of “popular sociology” by interpreting the popularity of typecasting in the context of an increased interest in social structures on the verge of modernity, expressed in prose and arts as well as social thought.","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49261608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Picturesque Literature and the Transformation of the American Landscape, 1835–1874, by John Evelev","authors":"Scott D. Hess","doi":"10.1525/ncl.2022.76.4.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2022.76.4.491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45046887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}