Advanced Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Noncontact Vital Sign Monitoring System with Dual Infrared Imaging for Discriminating Respiration Mode","authors":"K. Nakagawa, Y. Sankai","doi":"10.14326/ABE.10.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/ABE.10.80","url":null,"abstract":"Oral respiration causes constriction of the upper airway in the retropalatal and retroglossal regions, thereby increasing the risk of sleep disorder. One of the best methods to detect early signs of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is daily monitoring of the respiration rate and mode of respiration during sleep. The vital signs are measured by a noncontact method in order to avoid burdening the subject and to allow differentiation between the various respiratory modes. In this study, we developed a system to measure the respiration rate and mode using farand near-infrared cameras, and assessed the effectiveness of the proposed system and algorithm. A near-infrared camera detected the positions of the nostril and mouth, which are the pathways of expired and inspired air, respectively; while the far-infrared camera measured temperature changes in the nostril and mouth to derive the respiration rate and mode for detecting apnea. We enrolled 10 participants and measured their respiration rates using the aforementioned system under three states: nasal respiration, oral respiration, and apnea. The root-mean-square error for the respiration rate was 0.27 bpm, indicating that the system measured respiration without error in 92% of the trials. There was no error in discriminating between nasal and oral respiration. Additionally, this system detected apnea quite satisfactorily. The results of the experiment con rm that the system we developed effectively measures respiration in a noncontact manner.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66998514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye-tracker-based Evaluation of Saccadic Deficits in Young Children with Developmental Disorders","authors":"Y. Ono, T. Niida, Yuma Shinomiya, Kenji Suzuki, N. Hara, Yasuhiko Azegami, Taeko Sato, Chigusa Mimori, H. Shimoizumi","doi":"10.14326/ABE.10.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/ABE.10.70","url":null,"abstract":"Visually guided saccadic eye movement has been considered a promising screening tool for cognitive function because of its simple and objective nature. However, its application to young children, especially those with developmental disorders, is limited due to the lack of sustained attention required to complete the measurement using the traditional electrophysiological protocol. We have previously reported that saccades can be reliably evaluated in typically developing young children using an eye tracker, which allows non-contact measurement of eye movement with a suf ciently short preparation time. Using the eye tracker system combined with an in-house developed analysis software, we investigated the changes in saccadic behavior between typically developing children (n = 30) and children with developmental disorders (attention-de cit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and autism spectrum disorder [ASD], n = 27) at ages ranging from 4.8 to13.2 years. Four saccade responses were measured, consisting of eye movement to the instantaneously shifted visual target either to the right or left (step condition), to the visual target that appeared 200 ms after turning off the xation point (gap condition), to the visual target while the xation point remained (overlap condition), and in the direction opposite to the visual target (anti-saccade condition). Statistically signi cant de cits were found in children with developmental disorders compared to typically developing children, with decreased number of correct saccades in the step condition in children with ASD and reduced peak saccadic velocity in the overlap condition in children with ADHD. Interestingly, when saccadic parameters were further evaluated with regard to the direction of eye movement (rightward and leftward), a signi cant decrease in peak velocity in children with developmental disorders compared to typically developing children was only con rmed in saccades to the right side in the overlap condition. In addition, right-lateralized de cits in peak velocity and initial accuracy were also found in the step, overlap, and anti-saccade conditions in children with developmental disorders. These lateralized oculomotor responses may represent the affected cortical function in children with developmental disorders, suggesting a possible role of non-contact saccadic examination as an assessment tool for visual cognitive function, especially in young children.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66998468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Needle Geometry on Insertion Force of Different Hair Implanters","authors":"Hyunhee Bang, Hoseob Song, Chul-woo Park, Ilhyung Park, M. Kim, S. Joung","doi":"10.14326/ABE.10.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/ABE.10.90","url":null,"abstract":"Surgeons insert approximately 3000 hair implants in a single hair restoration surgery, and the needle shape critically affects surgical performance including surgical time, survival rate, and the surgeon ʼ s fatigue. There are several experimental studies on the relationship between needle shape and performance; however, there are no studies on hair implant needles, which are different from other medical needles as they have a com-paratively short bevel. This study compared several hair implant needles to determine the relationship between needle shape and insertion force. Eight hair implant needles with the same diameter were collected, and their geometrical data were visually measured. The insertion force and total work of each needle were measured using custom-made force measurement equipment; the results were statistically compared, and their correlation was analyzed. Moreover, a qualitative comparison was made. The needle insertion force ranged from 1.30 to 2.97 N, and the total work ranged from 8.15 to 10.97 mJ. The primary bevel and acute angles showed a moderate positive correlation with the total work. A longer point length, smaller primary bevel, and acute angle decrease the total work of hair implant needles. As per the results of the qualitative comparison, we found that the surgeons can identify the differences in needle insertion force among various hair implant needles, and their grading was consistent with the grading according to the total work of needle insertion.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66998548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation Related to Disease Progression in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients During Gait","authors":"Kiyoshi Tsurumiya, Wataru Hayasaka, Akira Komatsu, Hiroaki Tsukamoto, Tomohiro Suda, T. Iwami, Y. Shimada","doi":"10.14326/ABE.10.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/ABE.10.51","url":null,"abstract":"Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common joint disease of the lower limbs. Its progression reduces the patients ʼ quality of life. Varus thrust (VT), one of the abnormal gait patterns of KOA patients, is considered as an effective index for assessing KOA. Hence, several studies have assessed VT using various measurement methods. Since VT is the momentary lateral knee motion that increases knee varus angle and moment, optical motion capture system is widely used. However, optical motion capture system has some disadvantages in clinical usage, such as high cost, requirement of technical skills, and time-consuming attachment process. Recent-ly, inertial measurement units (IMU) have emerged as a measurement system instead of optical motion capture systems. IMU-based method is regarded as more suitable than optical motion capture systems for VT assessment because of its simplicity. This study aimed to assess the gait of KOA patients using IMUs and to quantitatively evaluate VT based on disease progression. For this purpose, we recruited 7 healthy participants and 15 KOA patients. Subsequently, their knees were classified into 3 progression groups: 14 healthy (grade 0) knees, 9 grade 3 knees, and 14 grade 4 knees. As a gait test, all the participants wore IMUs positioned at the trunk, both thighs, and both shanks, and traversed a 10-m walkway. VT was considered as the first peak value of the mediolateral acceleration and the varus–valgus angular velocity data, which were collected via the IMUs at both shanks. Thereafter, these acquired data were compared and evaluated among the three progression groups. The results indicate that both peak values were significantly greater in the KOA patients than in the healthy subjects. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the two peak values. Thus, this study is ex-pected to contribute toward early detection of KOA. knee osteoarthritis, biomechanics. Adv Biomed Eng. 10 : pp. 51–57, 2021.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66998377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten Years' Tracking and Data of Television Usage of an Older Female Living Alone","authors":"K. Nakajima","doi":"10.14326/ABE.10.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/ABE.10.32","url":null,"abstract":"Watching television (TV) is a popular leisure activity for older people and its usage is almost constant in the rhythm of their daily life. A telemonitoring system of television-operating-state for older people living alone has been developed, and an older female living alone has been using this system for 10 years. On her working days, the average TV usage was 192 min per day in the first year, increasing year by year to 329 min per day 10 years later. TV usage temporarily increased when some TV programs took up a social topic of interest to her.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66997888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Detection of High-frequency Biomarker Signals of Epilepsy by a Transfer-learning-based Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Yukinobu Takayanagi, Y. Takayama, K. Iijima, M. Iwasaki, Y. Ono","doi":"10.14326/abe.10.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/abe.10.158","url":null,"abstract":"High-frequency oscillation (HFO) is an important electrophysiological biomarker for estimating the epileptogenic zone in patients with epilepsy, but its clinical use is limited due to the high false-positive detection rate associated with conventional auto-detection methods based on one-dimensional spectral energy features. The purpose of this study was to apply a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based classifier to the candidate signals detected using conventional methods, and to extract HFOs more accurately and automatically. We adopted an image-based CNN because HFOs exhibit a localized power distribution in both time and frequency, which is utilized for the visual inspection of HFOs. To reduce the number of training datasets required for one patient, we employed transfer learning of an existing natural image classifier or the CNN HFO-classifier of another patient. We applied the proposed methods to the electrocorticography data of two patients with focal epilepsy who underwent pre-surgical examination. When the natural image discriminator AlexNet was transfer-learned to the HFO classifier, an accuracy of 93.0 ± 0.997% was achieved using 3000 training datasets. The false discovery rate (FDR) of HFO was 78.0% at the completion of the conventional method, which was significantly improved to 19.0 ± 4.42% after applying the CNN-based HFO classifier. When the HFO classifier trained with one patient was further relearned using the training datasets of another patient, the accuracy of determining HFOs in the latter patient was consistently above 91.0% (maximum 93.3 ± 0.967%) with the incorporation of 200 or more training datasets. These results suggest that the proposed method may provide an accurate, automatic, and personalized HFO classifier while liberating neurologists from the time-consuming manual detection of HFO signals for diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66998125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Hiesho among Young Japanese Females using Thermographic Technique","authors":"Tianyi Wang, Shima Okada, M. Endo, M. Makikawa, Y. Ohno","doi":"10.14326/ABE.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/ABE.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"Hiesho is the condition of having a cold sensation in one’s hands or feet. This is a well-known health problem for young Asian females. However, the de nition of Hiesho is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to develop a quantitative and non-invasive approach to determine Hiesho. Sixty-three young females participated in this research. Temperature difference (ΔT) between the forehead and foot sole was utilized to de ne Hiesho or non-Hiesho condition, and the result was crosschecked with that of a self-reported questionnaire. Central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index were measured to evaluate subjects’ physiological indicators. The results of the questionnaire showed that 49% of young females (31 of 63 people) reported Hiesho. There was a signi cant difference in ΔT between non-Hiesho and Hiesho (1.85°C and 5.55°C, respectively, p < 0.01). After cross-checking with the self-reported questionnaire, ΔT of 3.64°C demonstrated acceptable reliability and accuracy for de ning Hiesho. Central systolic blood pressure and augmentation index were not different between Hiesho and non-Hiesho. In conclusion, young females with Hiesho had drastically different temperatures at the forehead and foot sole. The temperature difference between the forehead and foot could be used as a quantitative and objective parameter for de ning Hiesho.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66997846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bumpy Patches: Analgesic Effects of Particle Pressure in Sports Injury Treatment","authors":"Norio Saito, G. Kaneko, K. Mito","doi":"10.14326/abe.10.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/abe.10.123","url":null,"abstract":"Physical analgesia has been used for the treatment of sports injuries. We previously developed a special patch (bumpy patch, BP) that adds pressure to the pain area, demonstrating its analgesic effects in various sports injuries. In this study, we further veri ed acute and chronic analgesic effects of the BP in 28 subjects (14–44 years of age, 15 males and 13 females) with various pain sites and histories of pain (knee, shoulder, low back, elbow and other joints; 6 months to 3 days). First, the trigger area with muscle induration or tenderness was identi ed in each subject by palpation, and each subject evaluated the degree of pain using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Then the BPs were applied to completely cover the pain area. The BP treatment was repeated at 2 to 3-day interval until all subjects reported no pain (NRS = 0), and the differences between preand post-treatment NRS values were compared for each treatment as the measure of the analgesic effect. Signi cant analgesic effects were observed in the rst and second BP treatments (P = 0.000774 and 0.00149, respectively). The third BP treatment also reduced the pain intensity, but the difference was not statistically signi cant (P = 0.3734). Some subjects reported mobilization of the pain area after the BP treatment, which was discussed in relation to the potential analgesic mechanism of the BP. These results indicate that the BP has acute and chronic analgesic effects and can be used for the treatment of sports injuries.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66997939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronized Detection of Evoked Potentials to Drive a High Information Transfer Rate Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface Application","authors":"Akshay Katyal, R. Singla","doi":"10.14326/ABE.10.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/ABE.10.58","url":null,"abstract":"Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) recently have been focusing on combining various BCI modalities to form different combinations of hybrid BCIs. These paradigms are designed to elicit more than one brain potential in the form of BCI features. This research is being carried out with the objective of increasing classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) based on measurement of brain potentials. This study proposed a novel hybrid BCI elicitation and measurement technique combining steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) and P300 potentials to increase the ITR. The hybrid BCI also increased the number of target options compared to SSVEP paradigm for a set number of presumed frequencies of flickering. One of the hybrid BCIs used distinct colours along with distinct flickering frequencies for targets, with an aim to increase the accuracy of classification and reduction of system uncertainty parameter known as false activation rate (FAR). The results of a study in 10 volunteers established that the novel SSVEP-P300 hybrid BCI with distinct colours for target frequencies had average parameters as follows: classification accuracy of 90.76%, ITR of 81.10 bits / min and FAR of 2.99%. A comparative study of the two novel paradigms with SSVEP and P300 paradigms in the same environment was conducted. The results of the comparative study concluded that the hybrid BCI with distinct colours for various target frequencies yielded the best results and hence can be considered as a viable paradigm option for the development of an assistive device.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66998430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study of an Objective Evaluation Method for Pulse Diagnosis using Radial Artery Pulse Measurement Device","authors":"A. Yamada, Y. Inoue, Y. Shiraishi, T. Seki, T. Yambe","doi":"10.14326/abe.10.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14326/abe.10.113","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional Chinese pulse diagnosis, the pulses of bilateral radial arteries are palpated by three fingers. In this study, a device that can objectively perform pulse diagnosis using multiple pressure sensors with a cuff was developed. The device has three pressure sensors in series and a cuff to apply external pressure load. Pulse waves were measured using the non-invasive pulse diagnostic device. The relationship of the data obtained from the proposed system with the diagnosis by the traditional method was examined. The study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee in Tohoku University. Twelve adult male subjects were studied. Data of pulse waveforms recorded from the pulse diagnosis device, electrocardiogram, and continuous blood pressure measured at the fingertip were stored and analyzed. The pulse waves of the subjects were cate-gorized as middle pulse, floating pulse, or sunken pulse according to pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine. Pulse–waveform data were obtained to measure the pulse–pressure changes, which showed different patterns of the rise time at the three measurement sites. Envelope analysis of the pulse waveform from the middle sensor revealed that the peak value of the pulse pressure increased during calculation stress compared to the resting state. It was possible to measure the pulse waves even when a higher external pressure was applied. Objective pulse-wave measurement using a method similar to that in traditional pulse diagnosis was realized, and pulse waveforms were measured using the proposed pulse diagnosis system.","PeriodicalId":54017,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66997920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}