Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania最新文献_第2页

Double Dutch: The Boate Brothers and Colonial Cosmography 双荷兰:博特兄弟和殖民宇宙学

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14393

W. Maley

{"title":"Double Dutch: The Boate Brothers and Colonial Cosmography","authors":"W. Maley","doi":"10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14393","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on two Dutch doctors – the Boate brothers, Arnold (1606-1653) and Gerard (1604-1650) – medical graduates of Leiden University who moved to London in 1630 to work as practising physicians. The brothers contributed to diverse forms of knowledge as part of the new science, including agriculture, anatomy, entomology, geography, industrial history, medicine, metallurgy, mineralogy and theology, but are known primarily for Gerard’s posthumously published ground-breaking book, Irelands Naturall History (1652) for which Arnold did the spadework. The Boates collaborated on some of the most important intellectual enterprises of the seventeenth century, and worked alongside the leading intellectuals of the period, including innovative Irish thinkers James Ussher and Robert Boyle, and Samuel Hartlib, mainspring of a major knowledge network. The Boates’ activities in Leiden, London, Dublin and Paris furnish a prototype for interdisciplinary engagement. The brothers were key members of multiple interlocking extra-institutional groupings. Active as part of a Baconian Office of Address and engaged both in the Hartlib Circle and the more shadowy Invisible College, they laboured in the seedbed of what would later become the Royal Society and the Dublin Philosophical Society. Irelands Naturall History is a model of the regional history that Francis Bacon saw as a vital branch of cosmography. ","PeriodicalId":53837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44982010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformer and Influencer: Giovanni Battista Ramusio’s Impact on Western European Geography 变形者与影响者:乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯塔·拉穆西奥对西欧地理学的影响

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14383

M. Small

{"title":"Transformer and Influencer: Giovanni Battista Ramusio’s Impact on Western European Geography","authors":"M. Small","doi":"10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14383","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000In the mid-sixteenth century, the study of cosmography was in a state of upheaval in Western Europe, for the European voyages of exploration had disrupted the old ideas of the nature and structure of the world. As a consequence, cosmographers and geographers struggled to accommodate the ever-expanding influx of new empirical knowledge into their works. In the 1550s the Venetian Giovanni Battista Ramusio compiled the Navigationi et viaggi, initiating a new form of geography which endeavoured to present a world cosmography through the eyes of travellers, ideally transmitting the knowledge gained from an age of exploration. In framing his work, Ramusio used both his knowledge of the classics and his humanist editorial skills, while his tests for inclusion derived from attested observation. Over seventy narratives, originally written in a variety of languages, were presented by Ramusio in vernacular Italian and skilfully woven together with intervening Discorsi, written by Ramusio by way of commentary. Ramusio’s forensic editorial skills, mastery in acquiring texts which had hitherto seen little or no printed circulation, diligence in translating, editing and presenting them in an accessible format made his work invaluable. Proposals to republish it in French or English, however, never came to fruition; therefore, scholars had to turn to the vernacular Italian for the information. The article examines how theNavigationi et viaggi became a bedrock of European geographical knowledge examining, in particular, its use by the English geographer John Dee and the French cosmographer royal, André Thevet. It shows how the travellers’ tales, mediated through the hands of a sedentary Venetian, crisscrossed Europe and became fundamental in creating a new geographical understanding dependent on the words of the eyewitness.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46465548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oronce Fine and L’esphere du monde: proprement dite Cosmographie (1549 and 1551) 奥伦斯·费恩和世界之地：宇宙学（1549年和1551年）

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14387

T. Conley

{"title":"Oronce Fine and L’esphere du monde: proprement dite Cosmographie (1549 and 1551)","authors":"T. Conley","doi":"10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14387","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores tensions between cosmography and topography in maps and writings of Oronce Fine (1492-1555). Editor and illustrator of two editions of De sphaera of Johannes Sacrobosco (1517 and 1527), author of De sphaera mundi (1542), Fine composed treatises of cosmography and mathematics in French. Affiliating with typographer-publisher Michel de Vasconsan, he published a vernacular edition titled L’esphere du monde. Headed by a poem celebrating the virtue of mathematics, the work is a point of reference in both the history of treatises on cosmography and the history of the illustrated book. The 1551 edition of L’esphere du monde transcribes an ornate manuscript of the same title that Fine presented to Henri II in 1549. Close reading of the two documents reveals that in their progression they tilt away from cosmography to geography, and that the French nation and its provinces become increasingly manifest. In the manuscript the monarch is reminded of the extent of his kingdom, while in the printed text L’esphere is addressed to a broader readership. Stock is taken of the status of cosmography in French circles in the middle of the sixteenth century, the very moment Münster’s Cosmographia became a major and longstanding project on the European horizon at large. ","PeriodicalId":53837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46892580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Renaissance Cosmographical Knowledge and Religious Discourse: A ‘Disenchantment of the World’? 文艺复兴时期的宇宙知识与宗教话语：“世界的迷魂”？

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14389

Étienne Bourdon

引用次数: 0

Practical Cosmography in Early Modern Iberia: Alonso de Chaves and his Espejo de Navegantes 近代早期伊比利亚的实用宇宙学:阿隆索·德·查韦斯和他的《航海家》

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14386

Antonio Sánchez Martínez

{"title":"Practical Cosmography in Early Modern Iberia: Alonso de Chaves and his Espejo de Navegantes","authors":"Antonio Sánchez Martínez","doi":"10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14386","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient cosmography had to adapt to new historical circumstances during the early modern period in Europe, leading to a proliferation of roles and even a sort of identity crisis. This entailed the revival of cosmography as a new and modern science, which, however, was neither unitary nor homogeneous. Cosmography was not associated with a single epistemic community, a certain scholarly profile or a specific corpus of literature, but with different groups and practitioners who produced diverse kinds of documents. Numerous practices emerged, and knowledge circulated in several forms. The article explores so-called practical cosmography in the Iberian world from the early sixteenth century. This will be illustrated not by the classical works of the period (Faleiro, Medina, Cortés, Oliveira) but by the lesser-known figure of the Pilot Major Alonso de Chaves and his nautical encyclopaedia Quatri partitu en cosmographia pratica (c. 1530). Chaves’ responsibilities as cosmographer of the Casa de la Contratación in Seville, the subjects and structure of his treatise, the intended audience and the style and language used show that there were substantial differences between the cosmography practised in Seville and Central European cosmography. The characteristics of this cosmography will be interpreted from the perspective of artisanal epistemology.","PeriodicalId":53837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41984368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shakespeare Disintegrated: Authoriality, Textuality, Co-Authorship, Biography 《瓦解的莎士比亚:权威、文本、合著、传记》

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14292

P. Pugliatti

{"title":"Shakespeare Disintegrated: Authoriality, Textuality, Co-Authorship, Biography","authors":"P. Pugliatti","doi":"10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14292","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores one of the most assiduously researched topics in Shakespeare criticism: that of the ways in which Shakespeare’s responsibility as author of the plays that traditionally bear his name has been established. Rehearsing the major contributions to this debate (from the mid-nineteenth-century idea that Shakespeare’s plays were the work of a group of intellectuals, to recent tendencies in attribution studies which dismember the canon on the basis of theories of co-authorship and collaboration), it maintains that one of the most persistent tendencies in the debate has been that of disintegration; and that both the dismembering of the canon as a whole and the amputating of parts of it as collaboratively written have had the paradoxical effect of de-authorialising what are conventionally known as ‘Shakespeare’s plays’.Not simply meant as a historical survey, the article also highlights the fact that, as well as determining effects on the Shakespeare canon, disintegrative tendencies have inspired theories of the text relevant to the construction of authorial identity, and have also generated a fallout on the idea, expressed by bibliographers and textual scholars, that the composition and configuration of texts are inescapably collaborative. Finally, the article maintains that biography too has been affected by a notion of disintegration which insists on a de-personalised subject and the idea that a life, no less than a text, is a socially-composed construct. \u0000John Faed, 'Shakespeare and the King's Men' (1851). Public Domain","PeriodicalId":53837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plague and Politics in Genoa (1528-1664) 热那亚的瘟疫与政治(1528-1664)

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14226

A. Ceccarelli

{"title":"Plague and Politics in Genoa (1528-1664)","authors":"A. Ceccarelli","doi":"10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/jems-2279-7149-14226","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines Genoese responses to plague during the old regime. Much like the Venetian, the Genoese ruling class understood the nexus between plague, poverty, and famine, and how these, in turn, tied in with political unrest. Some of the Republic’s main political and diplomatic crises were indeed followed by severe outbreaks of plague. Thus, the 1528 plague marked the proclamation of the oligarchic Republic, as a Spanish protectorate, masterminded by Andrea Doria, whereas the 1579-1580 plague closed the civil wars (a struggle of the old patriciate against an alliance of the new patriciate with the popular faction, 1575-1576). While the plague that swept through northern Italy in 1628-1630 narrowly missed Genoa, it became a metaphor with Genoese political thinkers for the narrowly escaped annexation of the Republic by Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy (who died of plague in his encampment, together with scores of the heretics on his payroll). The 1656-1657 epidemic was the most severe in the Genoese old regime, capping an acute political and jurisdictional crisis with Rome and with archbishop Stefano Durazzo. Remarkable documents of this enduring state of conflict are the prayer composed by Paolo Foglietta (poet and brother to Oberto, who was a leader in the civil wars and later a historian of the Republic) invoking an end to the 1579-1580 epidemic, and the anonymous preghiera repubblicana (held at the Vatican Apostolic Archive) which the government of the Republic included in the official religious liturgy in response to a heated jurisdictional crisis with the Holy See (1605-1607). Rome ordered archbishop Orazio Spinola to have the prayer banned, but the ‘Collegi’ of the Republic attempted to have it reinstated following the 1656-1657 plague. \u0000 \u0000D. Fiasella, La peste a Genova, Courtesy of Archivio Fotografico Fondazione Franzoni, ETS – Genova","PeriodicalId":53837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49104225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Improving Instruments 改善工具

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5840/jems20231216

Richard Sorrenson

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Introduction: Science Beyond the Enlightenment 引言:启蒙之后的科学

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Journal of Early Modern Studies-Romania Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5840/jems20231211

Michael Bycroft

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Marco Storni, Maupertuis. Le philosophe, l’académicien, le polémiste 马尔科·斯托尼，莫珀图伊斯。哲学家，院士，辩论家