Energy Efficiency最新文献_第10页

Decomposition and decoupling analysis of industrial carbon emissions and economic growth: an energy structure perspective from China 工业碳排放与经济增长的分解与解耦分析——基于中国能源结构的视角

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10391-5

Yan Dong, Xiaohua Sun, Yun Wang

{"title":"Decomposition and decoupling analysis of industrial carbon emissions and economic growth: an energy structure perspective from China","authors":"Yan Dong, Xiaohua Sun, Yun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10391-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10391-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under the strategic goal of carbon peaking and neutrality, accelerating industrial carbon decoupling is one of the key duties for achieving high-quality economic development. This paper focuses on the decoupling effect and decomposition of carbon emissions from the standpoint of energy structure optimization. Based on data from 17 energy categories in 26 industrial sub-sectors at the provincial level in China from 2005 to 2021, we calculate the industrial carbon decoupling index. Then, an integrated method “Tapio + LMDI” is constructed to analyze the decoupling status and its driving factors. The study finds that: (1) The industrial economic growth and carbon emissions in China are in a weak decoupling state. Specifically, most provinces have achieved either weak decoupling or strong decoupling of carbon emissions. A few provinces are in a disadvantageous position of decoupling, mainly concentrated in the northern regions. (2) From the decomposition results, it can be seen that the economic output has become the main factor driving the increase in industrial carbon decoupling. Conversely, the energy structure effect can decrease carbon decoupling, but its contribution is relatively weak, accounting for only 16%. (3) At the regional level, energy structure plays a “supplementary role” in most provinces. The contribution of energy structure optimization to carbon decoupling is usually lower than that of industrial structure optimization or technological progress. (4) At the industry level, energy structure optimization is the conventional way for most energy-intensive and high-emission industries to achieve carbon decoupling. These findings not only provide new empirical evidence for the intrinsic relationship between energy structure and carbon decoupling, but also offer feasible insights for industrial carbon emission reduction in developing countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The drivers and barriers of electricity efficiency: Global patterns, national differences, and the role of ICT 电力效率的驱动因素和障碍：全球模式、国家差异和信息通信技术的作用

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10396-0

Yu-Wen Su

{"title":"The drivers and barriers of electricity efficiency: Global patterns, national differences, and the role of ICT","authors":"Yu-Wen Su","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10396-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10396-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the IEA's 2050 Net Zero Emissions Pathway, electrification is a key strategy. Transitioning to zero-carbon energy through electrification to replace fossil fuels will inevitably increase electricity demand, making the improvement of electricity efficiency crucial. This study establishes a panel regression model to analyze the factors influencing changes in electricity intensity across 36 countries from 2000 to 2021. Unlike traditional decomposition analysis, regression analysis can consider a broader range of potential influencing factors and is not limited by the homogeneity of samples required in envelope analysis, offering greater analytical flexibility. The estimated results indicate that the main drivers of electricity efficiency are economic growth, extensive deployment of renewable energy, and rising electricity prices. A shift from industry to services slightly improves electricity efficiency. However, the main obstacles to improving electricity efficiency are population growth and less ICT industry exports. Additionally, the study analyzes country-level drivers and barriers of electricity efficiency based on each country's unique economic, industrial, and infrastructural conditions, providing insights into their distinct development patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Local community and adoption of solar energy in Iran (Case study of Golestan Province) 伊朗当地社区与太阳能的采用（以戈列斯坦省为例）

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10377-3

Shahrbanu Mirzakhani, Sadegh Salehi

{"title":"Local community and adoption of solar energy in Iran (Case study of Golestan Province)","authors":"Shahrbanu Mirzakhani, Sadegh Salehi","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10377-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10377-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the role of local communities in adopting solar energy technology in Golestan Province, Iran. The theoretical framework integrates social acceptance of innovation theories by Wüstenhagen et al. (2007) and Upham et al. (2015) with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis (1989). Methodologically, this is a survey-based study that collected data via a Researcher-made questionnaire from 400 citizens selected through proportional stratified random sampling combined with multi-stage cluster sampling. Face validity was confirmed by experts, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results indicate a positive relationship between independent variables (e.g., perceived usefulness, ease of use, relative advantage, awareness, trust in developers, price evaluation, and user attitudes) and users’ intention to adopt solar energy. Regression analysis shows that independent variables explain 36% of the variance in the dependent variable. Structural equation modeling confirms direct effects of these variables on adoption intention. The combined model effectively explains social acceptance of solar energy, making it suitable for similar studies in other Iranian regions. Based on the findings, local governments in Golestan should implement awareness campaigns, financial incentives, and public education initiatives to promote wider adoption of solar energy technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Life cycle energy assessment of conventional and modular buildings: a case study analysis in the Indian context 传统和模块化建筑的生命周期能源评估：在印度背景下的案例研究分析

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10392-4

Pravin Minde, Kaushik Kore

{"title":"Life cycle energy assessment of conventional and modular buildings: a case study analysis in the Indian context","authors":"Pravin Minde, Kaushik Kore","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10392-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10392-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precast construction provides better quality control, improved site safety, and faster project timelines than traditional RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) methods. The push for sustainable building practices has increased in India, yet few studies offer a detailed comparison between conventional RCC buildings and modular alternatives. This study addresses that gap by conducting a comprehensive life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) of both construction types (Traditional RCC building and Light gauge steel frame (LGSF)-Ferron Modular Building in a mid-rise residential project in Maharashtra. Using a hybrid approach that integrates process-based and input–output methods, the study evaluates embodied, operational, and demolition energy, offering valuable insights into the energy efficiency of modular construction in the Indian context. Findings show that operational energy accounts for ~ 83% of total life cycle energy, followed by embodied (~ 15%) and demolition (~ 2%). The LGSF-Ferron building consumes 11.06% less life cycle energy (18,486.54 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>) than RCC (20,787.26 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>), mainly due to reduced embodied energy. This difference is specific to the case study and may vary with regional factors. The study provides evidence-based insights into material choices, construction methods, and energy-efficient strategies that contribute to India’s sustainable development goals. However, broader sustainability claims require further analysis of additional environmental impacts. The study also offers actionable insights for architects, engineers, and policymakers to explore energy-efficient modular construction, contributing to sustainable development in India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does governance quality moderate the impact of energy efficiency on CO2 emissions? A cross-country analysis 治理质量是否能缓和能源效率对二氧化碳排放的影响？跨国分析

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10388-0

Muhammad Khan

{"title":"Does governance quality moderate the impact of energy efficiency on CO2 emissions? A cross-country analysis","authors":"Muhammad Khan","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10388-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10388-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy efficiency (EE) is widely recognized as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, some empirical studies highlight the presence of <i>rebound effects</i>—where improvements in EE lead to increased overall energy consumption, ultimately resulting in higher CO₂ emissions. This study argues that such pollution-augmenting effects of EE are primarily observed in countries with poor governance quality. In contrast, economies with strong institutional frameworks—characterized by effective policy implementation and well-functioning markets—are better able to translate EE gains into actual reductions in emissions. To test all these hypothesized relationships, we use Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework and rely upon a large panel data of 112 economies over the period from 1996 to 2020. Our econometric results, based on dynamic OLS and system-GMM techniques, support the contingency effects of institutional quality in the EE–CO<sub>2</sub> emissions nexus. Furthermore, the empirical findings also support the relevance of the EKC theory for the selected panel economies. The study suggests that the global economy must improve the overall governance quality for reducing energy intensity and experiencing the desirable effects of EE for sustainable economic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating multiple impacts and lifecycle assessment in the evaluation of energy efficiency funding programs 在能源效率资助项目的评估中整合多重影响和生命周期评估

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10375-5

Marcos Tenente, Tiago Carvalho, Álvaro Gomes, Carla Henriques, Patrícia Pereira da Silva

{"title":"Integrating multiple impacts and lifecycle assessment in the evaluation of energy efficiency funding programs","authors":"Marcos Tenente, Tiago Carvalho, Álvaro Gomes, Carla Henriques, Patrícia Pereira da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10375-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10375-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investments in energy efficiency are widely recognized as a cornerstone of sustainable energy strategies and climate change mitigation efforts, offering not only environmental benefits but also delivering substantial socio-economic gains. However, conventional evaluation frameworks tend to focus predominantly on operational energy savings, often neglecting broader lifecycle effects associated with manufacturing, packaging, installation, and maintenance phases. These include wealth and job creation, as well as embodied energy and emissions. This study introduces a comprehensive approach that integrates the Hybrid Input–Output Lifecycle Assessment methodology into Portugal’s 2021 Energy Consumption Efficiency Promotion Plan framework. By incorporating Gross Value Added, Impact on the Public Budget and embodied energy and greenhouse gases emissions this approach extends conventional Primary Energy Savings, Net Present Value and Benefit–Cost Ratio calculations typically employed in cost-effectiveness analysis, allowing a comparative evaluation of the results. The findings reveal significant variations in evaluation outcomes, with Net Present Value rising by over 4,000%, Benefit–Cost Ratio increasing by more than 34%, and two measures changing position in the funding priority ranking. These results highlight the transformative potential of the proposed methodology for guiding energy policy, supporting a more equitable and effective allocation of public funds. By incorporating broader lifecycle impacts and societal benefits, the approach also enhances the robustness of energy efficiency evaluations, paving the way for improved decision-making in national and international energy programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12053-025-10375-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145405932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the energy transition lead to carbon neutrality in India by 2070? Investigation under inverted N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve 到2070年，能源转型能使印度实现碳中和吗？倒n型环境库兹涅茨曲线下的研究

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10386-2

Aabidah Rashid, R. Gopinathan

{"title":"Does the energy transition lead to carbon neutrality in India by 2070? Investigation under inverted N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve","authors":"Aabidah Rashid, R. Gopinathan","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10386-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10386-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent progress report on the Sustainable Development Goals (2023) highlights that despite the current pace of positive and accelerating growth, developing nations are lacking the attainment of SDG7 by 2030 owing to their continuing reliance on traditional energy sources, and India is confronting an analogous situation. Therefore, at COP26, India committed to acquiring 50% of its energy consumption from renewables by 2030 and attaining net zero emissions by 2070. Thus, this study examines whether transition efforts toward renewable energy will lead to carbon neutrality. The study uses MTNARDL to confirm the asymmetric effect of renewable energy on the carbon neutrality target at various quantiles. Furthermore, we also examine how far India’s current economic growth pattern is from the achievement of SDG12 under the cubic specification of the EKC via both conditions (necessary and sufficient) from 1971–2021. The study confirms the asymmetric effect of renewable energy on carbon neutrality target and further reveals that renewable energy is effective for attaining carbon neutrality at lower quantiles. Moreover, the employed model ensures both conditions; hence, we confirm an inverse N-pattern EKC with two real tipping points. Furthermore, the estimated turning points reveal that India is currently experiencing a phase of rising CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Besides, it is predicted to decline after 2036, when the per capita GDP reaches 3824.4 USD. For the economic growth-CO<sub>2</sub> nexus to exhibit a downwards trend, more stringent environmental policies must be implemented. Furthermore, the promotion of the renewable energy transition could contribute to the achievement of a carbon neutral economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributed air-conditioning system for multi-machine parallel collaborative operation in electric vehicles 电动汽车多机并行协同运行分布式空调系统

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10387-1

Ding Peng, Gu Xiaoyong, Zhang Meijuan, Zhang Pengbo, Gaoliang

{"title":"Distributed air-conditioning system for multi-machine parallel collaborative operation in electric vehicles","authors":"Ding Peng, Gu Xiaoyong, Zhang Meijuan, Zhang Pengbo,  Gaoliang","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10387-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10387-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric buses often face significant energy-consumption challenges, as air-conditioning units alone consume over 30% of such buses’ battery power at maximum capacity. To address this problem, we propose a distributed collaborative cooling method employing multiple refrigeration devices to reduce energy consumption by electric vehicle air-conditioning systems. Initially, numerical analysis is used to determine the heat load inside a vehicle, thereby facilitating the establishment of power and component models for multiple small refrigeration devices. Furthermore, a hybrid approach utilizing cameras and thermal infrared sensors is employed to detect passenger occupancy within a vehicle. The vehicle’s interior is divided into three zones—front, middle, and rear—each of which is equipped with a small refrigeration unit, rather than using a conventional single-unit configuration. The concept of the relative number of people ratio is introduced to gauge the requisite cooling capacity within the vehicle. Additionally, a novel method is proposed for pulse width modulation control of a refrigeration compressor, predicated on a comparison between the number of passengers and the interior temperature. High-temperature tests are conducted on an electric bus to evaluate the cooling performance and energy consumption of the novel refrigeration system across varying passenger loads. The results demonstrate that the system achieves the desired cooling effect while reducing energy consumption by up to 83.6% compared with traditional electric vehicle air-conditioning systems, thereby effectively extending the range of electric vehicles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploratory analysis of PCM and thermal insulation strategies for buildings under future weather scenarios: Optimization of a residential prototype in the Global South – A case study in Brazil 未来天气情景下建筑的PCM和保温策略的探索性分析：全球南方住宅原型的优化-以巴西为例

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10389-z

Alexandre Santana Cruz, Leopoldo Eurico Gonçalves Bastos, Marcos Martinez Silvoso, Thiago Melo Grabois, Lucas Rosse Caldas

{"title":"Exploratory analysis of PCM and thermal insulation strategies for buildings under future weather scenarios: Optimization of a residential prototype in the Global South – A case study in Brazil","authors":"Alexandre Santana Cruz, Leopoldo Eurico Gonçalves Bastos, Marcos Martinez Silvoso, Thiago Melo Grabois, Lucas Rosse Caldas","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10389-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10389-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assessed a residential prototype located in the Global South, enhanced with thermal insulation and phase change material (PCM) in the envelope. The goal was to minimize discomfort hours and cooling energy demand while addressing the impact of climate change through future predicted weather files. To achieve this, EnergyPlus, coupled with the jEPlus + EA tool, employed the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII) for multi-objective optimization, while the CCWorldWeatherGen tool was used to generate future predicted weather files. The optimization centered on a case study located in the three hottest Brazilian bioclimatic zones. Various passive parameters related to the envelope were optimized, including building orientation, glazing solution, window size, shading device depth, thermal insulation, and PCM thickness, along with PCM melting temperature. Results highlighted the importance of optimizing the building’s orientation, glazing properties, window size, and shading devices for enhancing thermal-energy performance. As for the future weather conditions, combining these strategies with thermal insulation in cooling-dominant regions reduced the discomfort hours and energy demand by up to 80% and 60%, respectively. Although the findings were based on the Brazilian context, they are applicable to similar climates, especially in Global South countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in optimization strategies for energy routing, demand response, and load forecasting in energy internet and smart grid: an overview 能源互联网和智能电网中能源路由、需求响应和负荷预测优化策略的研究进展

IF 4 4区工程技术

Energy Efficiency Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12053-025-10385-3

Assala Nacef, Djamila Mechta, Lemia Louail, Saad Harous

{"title":"Advancements in optimization strategies for energy routing, demand response, and load forecasting in energy internet and smart grid: an overview","authors":"Assala Nacef, Djamila Mechta, Lemia Louail, Saad Harous","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10385-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12053-025-10385-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electricity plays a fundamental role in modern society, supporting essential services and contributing to economic and technological development. However, the centralized architecture of the traditional power grid and its dependence on fossil fuels have raised concerns regarding inefficiency, environmental impact, and limited operational flexibility. In response, Smart Grids (SG) and the Energy Internet (EI) have emerged as advanced paradigms that facilitate decentralized energy exchange, including peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. These systems introduce new challenges, particularly in energy routing, load forecasting, and demand response. Despite growing research in these areas, the literature remains fragmented, with limited integration across these interdependent components. This review addresses this gap by examining the development of the Energy Internet, comparing it with Smart Grids, and analyzing its physical and software infrastructure. The operational principles of the EI are briefly outlined, and the main challenges related to energy routing, demand response, and load forecasting are discussed. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of energy routing within the SG and EI frameworks, highlighting its dependencies on load forecasting and demand response. Existing solutions in the literature are classified by method into graph theory, game theory, autonomous, and heuristic-based approaches, and are systematically compared. The findings presented in this review serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the field of energy routing in the context of Smart Grids and the Energy Internet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":537,"journal":{"name":"Energy Efficiency","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0