Dinesh K. Choudhry , Abraham Oommen , Manish Purohit , Divya Dixit
{"title":"Anesthetic management of children undergoing specialized orthopedic surgeries","authors":"Dinesh K. Choudhry , Abraham Oommen , Manish Purohit , Divya Dixit","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children with musculoskeletal disorders frequently undergo surgical procedures requiring specialized need and care from an anesthetic perspective. In this review, we discuss anesthetic issues relating to some of the common orthopedic conditions amongst children that warrant knowledge, familiarity, and skills to provide safe anesthetic care for optimal outcome. We have included cerebral palsy, osteogenesis imperfecta, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and achondroplasia in this spectrum of review. The scope of this review encompasses existing medical literature and institutional experience gathered from administering anesthesia in a large volume of specialized orthopedic pediatric patients. We have provided an overview of the various perioperative considerations of the above-mentioned select pediatric orthopedic conditions to facilitate safe anesthetic management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander J. Egol , Meghan Maseda , Bradley A. Lezak , Nathaniel P. Mercer , Kenneth A. Egol
{"title":"Salvage options following biological and mechanical failure of surgical hip fracture repair: Part I, intracapsular femoral neck fractures","authors":"Alexander J. Egol , Meghan Maseda , Bradley A. Lezak , Nathaniel P. Mercer , Kenneth A. Egol","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most surgically repaired proximal femoral fractures heal uneventfully, however a small percentage of surgical interventions lead to failures. Salvage of failed treatment is challenging and dependent on the type and location of the complication. Potential complications of intracapsular hip fractures and their treatment include fixation failure, nonunion, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Factors guiding the choice of salvage option include patient age and quality of remaining bone. This article aims to present several potential complications and corresponding potential solutions using supporting literature, when available. This narrative review focuses on salvage treatment options of failed fixation of femoral neck fractures. Total hip arthroplasty is always the last resort salvage option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sougata Som , Jaryal Ashok Kumar Meher , Love Kapoor , Sameer Bakhshi , Shah Alam Khan
{"title":"Can endothelial cell dysfunction decide surgical wound health in bone sarcoma? Prospective study evaluating factors predicting wound complications in sarcoma","authors":"Sougata Som , Jaryal Ashok Kumar Meher , Love Kapoor , Sameer Bakhshi , Shah Alam Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This prospective study aims to explore the role of endothelial dysfunction in impaired wound healing following limb salvage procedures in patients with bone sarcomas. We propose that dysfunction of the vascular endothelium may significantly contribute to postoperative wound-related issues in these cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-six patients (34 males, 12 females; mean age 19.73 ± 11.51 years, range 3–57) were enrolled. Diagnoses included Ewing's sarcoma (n = 22), Osteosarcoma (n = 19), Chondrosarcoma (n = 3), and Synovial sarcoma (n = 2). Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Patients were stratified into two groups—those with normal wound healing and those with postoperative complications—to evaluate contributing factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Wound complications occurred in 5 patients (10.8 %). Univariate analysis showed significant associations with FMD values, postoperative drain output, and transfusion volumes. Multivariate regression identified FMD as the only independent predictor of wound healing (P = 0.005; OR = 0.450; 95 % CI: 0.259–0.782).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FMD may serve as a reliable surrogate marker for vascular endothelial health and thus aid in forecasting postoperative wound healing issues. Assessing endothelial function preoperatively could enhance risk stratification and open avenues for targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitish Jagdish Jyoti, Pon Aravindhan, Kamal Kishor Jajunda, Ritvik Janardhanan, Love Kapoor, Shah Alam Khan
{"title":"Does patellar height influence functional outcomes after reconstruction in distal femur tumours?","authors":"Nitish Jagdish Jyoti, Pon Aravindhan, Kamal Kishor Jajunda, Ritvik Janardhanan, Love Kapoor, Shah Alam Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patellar height plays a critical role in maintaining knee biomechanics and extensor mechanism efficiency. While its significance after total knee arthroplasty is well documented, its impact following distal femoral endoprosthetic reconstruction remains underexplored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patellar height and functional outcomes using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society-93 (MSTS) score and to assess the influence of patellar height on extensor lag and knee range-of-motion (ROM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective single-centre study included 61 patients who underwent intra-articular resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction for primary malignant and benign aggressive distal femur tumours between January 2018 and December 2023. Patellar height was measured using the modified Caton-Deschamps (mCD) index and categorized into baja, norma and alta. Clinical assessment included measurement of extensor lag, knee ROM and MSTS-93 scores. To evaluate intergroup differences and correlations, statistical analysis was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age was 27.52 ± 13.27years, including 36 males(59 %) and 25 females(41 %). Median follow-up was 13months(IQR6.5–32.5). Mean femoral resection length was 15.43 ± 3.23 cm and mean tumour volume resected was 450.48 ± 288.63 cm<sup>3</sup>. Mean patellar height(mCD index) in the baja(n = 5), norma(n = 44) and alta group(n = 12) was 0.48 ± 0.14, 1.03 ± 0.15 and 1.43 ± 0.10 respectively and median MSTS-93 score was 27.5(IQR21.5–29), 29(IQR27-30) and 29(IQR28.25–30) respectively. Median knee ROM was 100°(IQR90°-120°). Twenty-six(42.6 %) individuals had a median extensor lag of 15°(IQR10°-20°). Comparison of MSTS-93 score(p = 0.228), flexion ROM(p = 0.350) and extensor lag(p = 0.910) between the 3 groups showed no significant differences. The correlations between patellar height and MSTS-93 score(ρ = +0.206,p = 0.112), flexion ROM(ρ = +0.169,p = 0.194) and extensor lag(ρ = −0.020,p = 0.880), were not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although not statistically significant, patients with patella norma and alta demonstrated better functional outcomes. While no definitive correlation was established, the findings suggest that patellar height may influence functional recovery after distal femoral endoprosthesis reconstruction, and larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivia Jagiella-Lodise , Anna Meyer, Nicholas Cantu , Adam Boissonneault, Thomas Large
{"title":"Monteggia fractures and the Bado CLASSIFICATION: AN urban trauma center experience","authors":"Olivia Jagiella-Lodise , Anna Meyer, Nicholas Cantu , Adam Boissonneault, Thomas Large","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are conflicting reports regarding the incidence of Monteggia fractures by Bado type and their associated risks of nerve and vascular injury and other complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A registry was queried at a level I trauma center for Monteggia fracture codes. A retrospective chart and radiographic review were then conducted to correctly identify Monteggia fractures. The primary outcome was incidence by Bado type with secondary outcomes being associated injuries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>69 patients sustained Bado I (42), Bado II (15), Bado III (8), and Bado IV (4) injuries. 83 % had a high-energy mechanism. 7 % had vascular injuries, 32 % were open, 13 % had a radial head fracture, 10 % had neurological deficits, 0 % had compartment syndrome, 1 % required open reduction of the radiocapitellar joint, 1 % developed malunion, and 9 % developed nonunion. 61 % were Bado I injuries. However, it was more common for Bado III fractures to be open (p = 0.018), and for Bado II fractures to involve radial head fractures (p = 0.008). Neurologic deficits were seen in Bado I, II, and IV injuries with 5/7 of these injuries in Bado I patients, although not significant (p = 0.600). Three nerve injuries were transections without recovery. Five vascular injuries were seen, none required revascularization. One Bado I required open reduction of the radiocapitellar dislocation. Malunion and nonunion were significant for Bado II (p = 0.031).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bado I are the most common type in this mostly high-energy cohort. There were no significant differences in the incidence of associated neurologic or vascular injuries between Bado types. There were significantly more nonunion/malunion and radial head fractures in Bado II and greater percentage of open injuries in Bado III. No patients developed compartment syndrome. Twelve patients had nerve or vascular injuries, 32 % were open fractures, and 6 had nonunions, underscoring that this is not a benign injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Germán Garabano , Andres Juri , Leonel Perez Alamino , Joaquín Rodriguez , Cesar Angel Pesciallo
{"title":"Outcomes of Masquelet technique combined with gentamicin-cement-coated rigid nails in the treatment of infected bone defects: A retrospective review","authors":"Germán Garabano , Andres Juri , Leonel Perez Alamino , Joaquín Rodriguez , Cesar Angel Pesciallo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to describe the bone healing, infection recurrence, and failure rates in patients with infected bone defects (IBD) of the femur and tibia in whom we combined the Masquelet technique with gentamicin-cement-coated rigid nails from the first stage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective review of fourteen consecutive patients with IBD treated between June 2015 and December 2022 with the Masquelet technique and a gentamicin cement-coated rigid nail. Eleven patients were male; the median age was 40.5 years. Six defects were located in the femur and eight in the tibia. We analyzed the bone healing, infection recurrence, and failure rates (nonunions, graft resorption, amputations). We used the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) to assess the functional outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One patient needed additional debridement after the first stage. The mean time between stages was 10.28 (range 6–28) weeks. The mean LEFS score before the second stage was 62.57 ± 5.66 points. The median defect length was 6.8 cm (range 3.5–12). All the patients achieved bone healing within a median of eight months. No infection recurrences or failures were recorded. At the study closure, the mean LEFS and WOMAC were 62.07 ± 4.17, and 77.92 ± 10.89, respectively. The median follow-up was 31.71 months (range 12–80).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The combination of gentamicin cement-coated rigid nails with Masquelet's technique was associated with excellent bone healing and infection control in the treatment of infected bone defects in this small series. Further research is needed to validate the effectiveness of this method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Syndactylisation with internal bracing using a suture-button construct for severe cleft foot (Ectrodactyly): A 3-year follow-up case report","authors":"Arpit Sahu , Siva Srivastava Garika , Vikrant Manhas","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ectrodactyly, or split foot malformation, is a rare congenital limb anomaly characterized by absence or hypoplasia of central digits, leading to functional limitations and cosmetic concerns. Surgical management aims to restore alignment, improve stability, and allow regular footwear usage. This report presents a novel approach using syndactylisation with internal bracing in a pediatric case.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 7-year-old girl with non-syndromic ectrodactyly of the right foot presented with difficulty in ambulation and footwear use. Clinical and radiographic assessment revealed a wide central cleft, absent second and third toes, and divergent first and fourth metatarsals. Surgical treatment included excision of the malformed third metatarsal, syndactylisation of the first and fourth rays, and internal bracing using the ButtonFix-F suture-button system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Syndactylisation reinforced with the ButtonFix-F implant provides a promising treatment option for pediatric ectrodactyly. The method ensures functional restoration, cosmetic improvement, and durable correction in growing children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-traumatic genu recurvatum with slope reversal and arthritis treated with imageless robotic total knee replacement – Case report","authors":"Sayyadshadab Jafri, Unmesh Mahajan, Anurag Daxini","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-traumatic bony genu recurvatum is not so rare a condition in orthopedic practice. Multiple surgical options are available and are duly reported in literature, i.e., arthrodesis, tibial osteotomy, and soft tissue procedures. But no procedure has perfect relief of symptoms, as arthritis component is never corrected. We present a case of a 65-years old male who had a proximal tibia intra-articular fracture at age of 13, treated conservatively. And, now presenting with post-traumatic severe genu recurvatum with tibial slope reversal and secondary knee osteoarthritis. The patient reported progressive functional limitations and significant pain interfering with daily activities. Given the severity of the deformity and the associated degenerative changes, the patient was managed with an imageless robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The procedure allowed for precise correction of the deformity and optimal prosthetic alignment without the need for preoperative imaging for navigation. With good functional outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahab G. Alnemri, Ryan Turlip, Amanda Moser, Ashleigh Bush, Jake Farrar, Neil P. Sheth
{"title":"Medial pivot total knee arthroplasty","authors":"Ahab G. Alnemri, Ryan Turlip, Amanda Moser, Ashleigh Bush, Jake Farrar, Neil P. Sheth","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over recent years, medial pivot total knee arthroplasty (MP-TKA) has gained traction as it more closely replicates native knee kinematics. This review traces the evolution from early TKA designs through modern “ball-and-socket” concepts and describes how MP implants stabilize the medial compartment while allowing for physiologic lateral rollback. We aim to provide an overview of the biomechanical rationale of the MP-TKA design and analyze contemporary literature on survivorship and patient satisfaction.</div><div>Recent fluoroscopic and motion capture investigations confirm that MP devices can reduce paradoxical anterior translation and improve sagittal-plane stability. However, pivot behavior varies by activity, implant geometry, and alignment strategy, and differences in kinematic measurement methods, such as low-point versus contact-point tracking, can influence interpretation. Despite these methodological differences, many MP designs demonstrate favorable in vivo performance.</div><div>Several small-to-large clinical series, registries, and randomized trials report promising patient-reported outcome measures and survivorship rates comparable to, or better than, traditional posterior-stabilized TKA. However, comparative studies have noted higher revision rates with specific MP implants. Design variations, surgical technique, and patient selection may significantly affect outcomes.</div><div>While preliminary findings are encouraging, large-scale and long-term research is needed to clarify whether enhanced kinematics consistently translate into clinical benefit. This review highlights key implant designs, biomechanical considerations, and evolving evidence to guide surgeons who are considering MP-TKA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of pediatric hip infections - A narrative review","authors":"Parmanand Gupta , Rohit Jindal , Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spectrum of hip infections in children include septic arthritis, proximal femoral and pelvic osteomyelitis, and pericapsular pyomyositis. Infection from one site can extend to adjacent structures, resulting in overlapping and often indistinguishable clinical picture. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including fever, inability to bear weight and elevated inflammatory markers are helpful in distinguishing infectious from non-infectious causes of hip pain. However, they cannot reliably differentiate the site or extent of infection. Blood and local aspirate cultures are crucial for identifying causative organisms, yet a significant proportion of cases are culture negative. Aggressive treatment is required even in culture negative cases if clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings are consistent with infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for defining the site and extent of disease, detecting multiple foci, and guiding surgical planning. Ultrasonography, although less sensitive and specific, may be helpful in settings where MRI is unavailable, especially for identifying joint effusion and guiding diagnostic aspiration. Management hinges on early initiation of appropriate empirical antibiotics, tailored subsequently to culture results, along with drainage of all foci of purulent collections. Misdiagnosis or delayed treatment can result in multiple surgical procedures and sequalae including hip dislocation, involvement of proximal femur growth plate, chondrolysis and partial or complete resorption of femoral head leading to long-term disability.</div><div>In this narrative review, diagnosis, imaging features and management strategies are discussed under relevant headings. For this, a PubMed search was conducted from January 1990 to August 2025 using the terms <em>“pediatric hip septic arthritis,” “pediatric hip osteomyelitis,”</em> and <em>“pediatric hip pyomyositis.”</em> Of 575 articles identified, 48 relevant studies were included. In addition, one seminal study from 1978 was included because of its clinical relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}