Drinking Water Engineering and Science最新文献_第6页

Household water treatment and safe storage – effectiveness and economics 家庭用水处理和安全储存——既有效又经济

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2015-08-17 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-9-9-2016

S.M.L. Stubbé, A. Pelgrim-Adams, G. Szántó, D. Halem

{"title":"Household water treatment and safe storage – effectiveness and economics","authors":"S.M.L. Stubbé, A. Pelgrim-Adams, G. Szántó, D. Halem","doi":"10.5194/DWES-9-9-2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-9-9-2016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Household Water Treatment and safe Storage (HWTS) systems aim to provide safe drinking water in an affordable manner to users where safe piped water supply is either not feasible or not reliable. In this study the effectiveness, economic parameters and costs of three selected HWTS systems were identified. The selected systems are SODIS, ceramic filter and biosand filter. These options were selected based on their accessibility, affordability and available scientific data. Data was obtained through peer-reviewed literature, reports, web-pages and informal sources. The findings show a wide dispersion for log removal of effectiveness of the HWTS systems. For bacteria (E. coli), log removals of 1–9 (SODIS), 0.5–7.2 (ceramic) and 0–3 (biosand) were reported. In the case of viruses (mostly echovirus and bacteriophages), log removals of 0–4.3 (SODIS), 0.09–2.4 (ceramic) and 0–7 (biosand) were found. The dispersions of log removals for both bacteria and viruses range from non-protective to highly protective according to WHO performance targets. The reported costs of HWTS systems show a wide range as well. The price per cubic meter water is found to be EUR 0–8 (SODIS), EUR 0.37–6.4 (ceramic) and EUR 0.08–12.3 (biosand). The retail prices found are: negligible (SODIS), USD 1.9–30 (ceramic) and USD 7–100 (biosand). No relationship was observed between removal efficiency and economics of the three systems.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71222399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Shower heat exchanger: Reuse of energy from heated drinking water for CO2 reduction 淋浴式热交换器:从加热的饮用水中回收能量以减少二氧化碳

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2015-07-14 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-9-1-2016

Z. Deng, S. Mol, J. Hoek

引用次数: 13

Natural manganese deposits as catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide 天然锰矿作为分解过氧化氢的催化剂

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-8-3-2015

A. H. Knol, K. Lekkerkerker-Teunissen, J. V. Dijk

{"title":"Natural manganese deposits as catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide","authors":"A. H. Knol, K. Lekkerkerker-Teunissen, J. V. Dijk","doi":"10.5194/DWES-8-3-2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-8-3-2015","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water companies (are intending to) implement advanced oxidation processes (AOP) in their treatment schemes to increase the barrier against organic micropollutants (OMPs). It is necessary to decompose the excessive hydrogen peroxide after applying AOP to avoid negative effects in the following, often biological, treatment steps. A drinking water company in the western part of the Netherlands investigated decomposition of about 5.75 mg L?1 hydrogen peroxide in pre-treated Meuse river water with different catalysts on pilot scale. In down flow operation, the necessary reactor empty bed contact time (EBCT) with the commonly used granulated activated carbon (GAC) and waste ground water filter gravel (MCFgw) were found equal with 149 s, corresponding with a conversion rate constant r of 0.021 s?1. The EBCT of the fine coating of ground water filter gravel (MC) was significantly shorter with a little more than 10 s (r = 0.30 s?1). In up flow operation, with a flow rate of 20 m h?1, the EBCT of coating MC increased till about 100 s (r = 0.031 s?1), from which can be concluded, that the performance of this waste material is better compared with GAC, in both up and down flow operation. The necessary EBCT at average filtration rate of full scale dual layer filter material (MCFsw) amounted to 209 s (r= 0.015 s?1). Regarding the average residence time in the full scale filters of 700 s, applying AOP in front of the filters could be an interesting alternative which makes a separate decomposition installation superfluous, on the condition that the primary functions of the filters are not affected.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71222715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Corrigendum to "Preface: CCWI 2013" published in Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 7, 99–100, 2014 《饮料》上发表的“前言:CCWI 2013”的勘误表。水Eng。科学。中文信息学报，7,99-100,2014

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2015-01-09 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-8-1-2015

B. Brunone, M. Ferrante, S. Meniconi, L. Berardi

引用次数: 0

Preface: CCWI 2013 前言:CCWI 2013

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2014-11-24 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-99-2014

B. Brunone, M. Ferrante, S. Meniconi, L. Berardi

{"title":"Preface: CCWI 2013","authors":"B. Brunone, M. Ferrante, S. Meniconi, L. Berardi","doi":"10.5194/DWES-7-99-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-7-99-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1991 “Computing and Control for the Water Industry – CCWI” is a well-established series of bi-annual meetings. On 2–4 September 2013, the 12th edition (CCWI2013) was held in Perugia (Italy) and was focused on Information for Water Systems and Smart Cities. CCWI2013 emphasized the integration between the more conventional themes of the analysis and planning of water systems and information technology. Such an integration offers opportunities for design solutions and innovative models for the challenging problems of water system management in an urban perspective, a key concept for smart cities (Brunone and Giustolisi, 2014). The large number of presentations – more than 200 with many young researchers from Europe and overseas – confirmed the interest for CCWI2013 themes and the increasing success of CCWI Conferences (Fig. 1). This CCWI2013 special issue contains a selection of extended CCWI2013 papers which give a taste of the Proceedings of the Conference published on Procedia Engineering Elsevier (www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/ 18777058/70). In fact their topics range from sustainabilitybased indicators of the urban water systems (Behzadian et al., 2014), design and control parameters in water treatment (Ramphal and Sibiya, 2014), numerical simulation of the transition between surface and pressurized flow (Fernandez-Pato and Garcia-Navarro, 2014) to optimisation of pump and valve schedules in complex large-scale water distribution networks (Skworcow et al., 2014), and a real data-based model to simulate the behavior of a pumping station equipped with variable speed pumps (Capponi et al., 2014). Figure 1. Last nine editions of CCWI conferences: number of papers published in the proceedings (from Brunone and Giustolisi, 2014).","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"99-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71222095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functioning conditions of the Casale pumping station in Mantova, Italy 意大利曼托瓦Casale泵站的运行状况

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2014-11-13 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-93-2014

C. Capponi, M. Ferrante, M. Pedroni, B. Brunone, S. Meniconi, M. Zaghini, F. Leoni

引用次数: 2

Finite volume simulation of unsteady water pipe flow 非定常水管流动的有限体积模拟

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2014-08-21 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-83-2014

J. Fernández-Pato, P. García-Navarro

{"title":"Finite volume simulation of unsteady water pipe flow","authors":"J. Fernández-Pato, P. García-Navarro","doi":"10.5194/DWES-7-83-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-7-83-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The most commonly used hydraulic network models used in the drinking water community exclusively consider fully filled pipes. However, water flow numerical simulation in urban pipe systems may require to model transitions between surface flow and pressurized flow in steady and transient situations. The governing equations for both flow types are different and this must be taken into account in order to get a complete numerical model for solving dynamically transients. In this work, a numerical simulation tool is developed, capable of simulating pipe networks mainly unpressurized, with isolated points of pressurization. For this purpose, the mathematical model is reformulated by means of the Preissmann slot method. This technique provides a reasonable estimation of the water pressure in cases of pressurization. The numerical model is based on the first order Roe's scheme, in the frame of finite volume methods. The novelty of the method is that it is adapted to abrupt transient situations, with subcritical and supercritical flows. The validation has been done by means of several cases with analytic solutions or empirical laboratory data. It has also been applied to some more complex and realistic cases, like junctions or pipe networks.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Optimization of coagulation-flocculation parameters using a photometric dispersion analyser 用光度分散仪优化混凝-絮凝参数

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2014-07-23 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-73-2014

S. Ramphal, M. Sibiya

{"title":"Optimization of coagulation-flocculation parameters using a photometric dispersion analyser","authors":"S. Ramphal, M. Sibiya","doi":"10.5194/DWES-7-73-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-7-73-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The size and structural characteristics of floc particles are important design and control parameters in water treatment and should be rapidly monitored with a reasonable amount of accuracy. In this study, a photometric dispersion analyser (PDA) coupled to standard jar test experiments was used to optimize coagulation-flocculation parameters while monitoring floc size and structure as well as the rate of floc formation during coagulation using alum. The optimal coagulation conditions were as follows: sample pH 8; alum dosage, 3 mg L−1 as Al3+; G value, 172 s−1; rapid mixing time, 20 s. These conditions resulted in unstable treated water having a calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) of −15 mg L−1 as CaCO3 and required a slaked lime dosage of 17 mg L−1 as CaCO3 to equilibrate CCPP to acceptable levels. PDA data revealed that aggregation rate and steady-state variance are primary parameters as both have substantial influence on coagulation-flocculation efficiency. However, the average steady state ratio, although an important parameter, had a lessened impact on coagulation-flocculation efficiency. The results of this study showed that the PDA instrument is an important tool in coagulation kinetic studies and can be employed as an additional tool in the optimization of coagulation conditions.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5194/DWES-7-73-2014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71222306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Pump schedules optimisation with pressure aspects in complex large-scale water distribution systems 复杂的大型配水系统中压力方面的泵调度优化

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2014-06-16 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-53-2014

P. Skworcow, Daniel Paluszczyszyn, B. Ulanicki

{"title":"Pump schedules optimisation with pressure aspects in complex large-scale water distribution systems","authors":"P. Skworcow, Daniel Paluszczyszyn, B. Ulanicki","doi":"10.5194/DWES-7-53-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-7-53-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper considers optimisation of pump and valve schedules in complex large-scale water distribution networks (WDN), taking into account pressure aspects such as minimum service pressure and pressure-dependent leakage. An optimisation model is automatically generated in the GAMS language from a hydraulic model in the EPANET format and from additional files describing operational constraints, electricity tariffs and pump station configurations. The paper describes in details how each hydraulic component is modelled. To reduce the size of the optimisation problem the full hydraulic model is simplified using module reduction algorithm, while retaining the nonlinear characteristics of the model. Subsequently, a nonlinear programming solver CONOPT is used to solve the optimisation model, which is in the form of Nonlinear Programming with Discontinuous Derivatives (DNLP). The results produced by CONOPT are processed further by heuristic algorithms to generate integer solution. The proposed approached was tested on a large-scale WDN model provided in the EPANET format. The considered WDN included complex structures and interactions between pump stations. Solving of several scenarios considering different horizons, time steps, operational constraints, demand levels and topological changes demonstrated ability of the approach to automatically generate and solve optimisation problems for a variety of requirements.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71222328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

WaterMet2 : A tool for integrated analysis of sustainability-based performance of urban water systems WaterMet2:一个基于可持续性的城市水系统性能综合分析工具

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Pub Date : 2014-06-16 DOI: 10.5194/DWES-7-63-2014

K. Behzadian, Z. Kapelan, G. Venkatesh, H. Brattebø, S. Sægrov

{"title":"WaterMet2 : A tool for integrated analysis of sustainability-based performance of urban water systems","authors":"K. Behzadian, Z. Kapelan, G. Venkatesh, H. Brattebø, S. Sægrov","doi":"10.5194/DWES-7-63-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/DWES-7-63-2014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper presents the \"WaterMet2\" model for long-term assessment of urban water system (UWS) performance which will be used for strategic planning of the integrated UWS. WaterMet2 quantifies the principal water-related flows and other metabolism-based fluxes in the UWS such as materials, chemicals, energy and greenhouse gas emissions. The suggested model is demonstrated through sustainability-based assessment of an integrated real-life UWS for a daily time-step over a 30-year planning horizon. The integrated UWS modelled by WaterMet2 includes both water supply and wastewater systems. Given a rapid population growth, WaterMet2 calculates six quantitative sustainability-based indicators of the UWS. The result of the water supply reliability (94%) shows the need for appropriate intervention options over the planning horizon. Five intervention strategies are analysed in WaterMet2 and their quantified performance is compared with respect to the criteria. Multi-criteria decision analysis is then used to rank the intervention strategies based on different weights from the involved stakeholders' perspectives. The results demonstrate that the best and robust strategies are those which improve the performance of both water supply and wastewater systems.","PeriodicalId":53581,"journal":{"name":"Drinking Water Engineering and Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71222267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22