Franz-Tassilo Müller-Graff, Johannes Voelker, Anja Kurz, Rudolf Hagen, Tilmann Neun, Kristen Rak
{"title":"Accuracy of radiological prediction of electrode position with otological planning software and implications of high-resolution imaging.","authors":"Franz-Tassilo Müller-Graff, Johannes Voelker, Anja Kurz, Rudolf Hagen, Tilmann Neun, Kristen Rak","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2159128","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2159128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In cochlear implantation, preoperative prediction of electrode position has recently gained increasing attention. Currently, planning is usually done by multislice CT (MSCT). However, flat-panel volume CT (fpVCT) and its secondary reconstructions (fpVCT<sub>SECO</sub>) allow for more precise visualization of the cochlea. Combined with a newly developed otological planning software, the position of every single contact can be effectively predicted. In this study it was investigated how accurately radiological prediction forecasts the postoperative electrode localization and whether higher image resolution is advantageous.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing otological planning software (OTOPLAN®) and different clinical imaging modalities (MSCT, fpVCT and fpVCT<sub>SECO</sub>) the electrode localization [angular insertion depth (AID)] and respective contact frequencies were predicted preoperatively and examined postoperatively. Furthermore, inter-electrode-distance (IED) and inter-electrode-frequency difference (IEFD) were evaluated postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurements revealed a preoperative overestimation of AID. Corresponding frequencies were also miscalculated. Determination of IED and IEFD revealed discrepancies at the transition from the basal to the middle turn and round window to the basal turn. All predictions and discrepancies were lowest when using fpVCT<sub>SECO</sub>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The postoperative electrode position can be predicted quite accurately using otological planning software. However, because of several potential misjudgments, high-resolution imaging, such as offered by fpVCT<sub>SECO</sub>, should be used pre- and postoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 3","pages":"144-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9723310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria V Kondaurova, Qi Zheng, Cheryl W Donaldson, Abigail Betts, Alan F Smith, Mary K Fagan
{"title":"The effect of telepractice on vocal turn-taking between a provider, children with cochlear implants, and caregivers: A preliminary report.","authors":"Maria V Kondaurova, Qi Zheng, Cheryl W Donaldson, Abigail Betts, Alan F Smith, Mary K Fagan","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2159131","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2159131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the effect of telepractice on vocal turn-taking between one clinical provider and children with cochlear implants and their caregivers during child-centered auditory rehabilitation intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven dyads of children with cochlear implants (mean age 4:11 years) and their hearing mothers and one speech-language pathologist participated together in a telepractice session and an in-person intervention session. Dependent variables were vocalization rate, turn taking rate, rate of speech overlap per second, and between-speaker pause duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The speech-language pathologist and children had lower rates of vocalization in the telepractice session than the in-person session. However, maternal vocalization rate was higher in the telepractice than in-person session. The rate of turn-taking between the provider and children was lower in telepractice than in-person sessions but the rate of turn taking between mothers and children was higher in telepractice than in-person sessions. Between-speaker pause duration between children and the provider and between mothers and children was longer in telepractice than in-person sessions. Rate of speech overlap did not vary significantly by session type.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The quantity and temporal characteristics of vocal turn-taking were impacted by remote communication during tele-intervention suggesting a potential increase in the cognitive effort required of participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 3","pages":"155-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary A Kons, Kathryn L Holloway, Daniel H Coelho
{"title":"Cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators.","authors":"Zachary A Kons, Kathryn L Holloway, Daniel H Coelho","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2151706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2022.2151706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective and importance: </strong>With an aging population and increasing utilization of both cochlear implants (CI) to treat hearing loss and deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neurodegenerative movement disorders, more patients will be sequentially implanted with the two devices. As such, understanding both presurgical evaluations and surgical procedures will be of great importance to the treating cochlear implant surgeon and neurosurgeon in optimizing outcomes for both conditions.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Two illustrative cases of sequential CI followed by DBS are reviewed. Relevant pre-, intra-, and postoperative issues are discussed for both DBS following CI surgery and CI following DBS surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the potential for challenges, sequential CI and DBS (and vice versa) can provide substantial benefit to those individuals with severe hearing loss and movement disorders. A thorough understanding of both devices is critical to ensuring optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 3","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharlene M Wilson Ottley, Meredith Ouellette, Nancy K Mellon, Colleen Caverly, Christine M Mitchell, Elizabeth Adams Costa
{"title":"Language and academic outcomes of children with cochlear implants in an inclusive setting: Evidence from 18 years of data.","authors":"Sharlene M Wilson Ottley, Meredith Ouellette, Nancy K Mellon, Colleen Caverly, Christine M Mitchell, Elizabeth Adams Costa","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2154427","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2154427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined outcomes in core and pragmatic language, receptive vocabulary, and academic skills in children with cochlear implants (CIs) enrolled in an inclusive educational setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-eight children with CIs were included in the analyses. Data was collected over an 18-year period, at six-month intervals for core language, vocabulary, and pragmatic skills and in kindergarten and second grade for academic skills. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate the median time to achieve age-appropriate scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated the median time to obtain age-appropriate skills for children with CIs enrolled in our program was less than three years for core language and pragmatic skills and less than two years for vocabulary. Over 90% of the sample had academic skills in the average range in both kindergarten and second grade.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study shares outcomes of children with CIs who received consistent and intensive transdisciplinary intervention in an inclusive educational setting, revealing the trajectory required to obtain age-appropriate skills, when compared to normative data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results were favorable, indicating that children with CIs in an inclusive program, with intensive intervention and strong language and social models, can develop skills commensurate with typically developing peers across a variety of core skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 3","pages":"130-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10092322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valerie Looi, Natasha de Jongh, Rebecca Kelly-Campbell
{"title":"From hearing aids to cochlear implants: The journey for private patients in New Zealand.","authors":"Valerie Looi, Natasha de Jongh, Rebecca Kelly-Campbell","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2154426","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2154426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To understand adults' journey from hearing aids to cochlear implants (CIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative, exploratory design using semi-structured interviews with twelve postlingually-deafened adults.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>All participants reported social isolation and/or depression. 'Not hearing well enough' was the most-common motivator to seek a CI. Due to the long wait for a public CI, they opted to pay for their implant privately. Funding was the most prominent barrier identified, with most participants using their own savings. The biggest struggle was in the period 3-months post switch-on. Many participants felt progress was slow and that they should have been doing better. After this period, benefits were most noted in quiet, with environmental sounds, and in helping them become more sociable. Music and telephone use were still areas many struggled with.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants reported the CI was worth the cost, that they would recommend it to others, and would do it again. Self-motivation was the biggest facilitator to success, with hearing professionals playing an integral role throughout the entire journey. There was a large variety of subthemes reflecting the diversity and individuality of the transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 3","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Angelo Hyppolito, Ana Cláudia Mirândola Barbosa Reis, Fabiana Danieli, Raabid Hussain, Nicolas Le Goff
{"title":"Cochlear re-implantation with the use of multi-mode grounding associated with anodic monophasic pulses to manage abnormal facial nerve stimulation.","authors":"Miguel Angelo Hyppolito, Ana Cláudia Mirândola Barbosa Reis, Fabiana Danieli, Raabid Hussain, Nicolas Le Goff","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2157077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2022.2157077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the outcomes of cochlear re-implantation using multi-mode grounding stimulation associated with anodic monophasic pulses to manage abnormal facial nerve stimulation (AFNS) in cochlear implant (CI) recipients. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective case report. An adult CI recipient with severe AFNS and decrease in auditory performance was re-implanted with a new CI device to change the pulse shape and stimulation mode. Patient's speech perception scores and AFNS were compared before and after cochlear re-implantation, using monopolar stimulation associated with cathodic biphasic pulses and multi-mode stimulation mode associated to anodic monophasic pulses, respectively. The insertion depth angle and the electrode-nerve distances were also investigated, before and after cochlear re-implantation. <b>Results:</b> AFNS was resolved, and the speech recognition scores rapidly increased in the first year after cochlear re-implantation while remaining stable. After cochlear re-implantation, the e15 and e20 electrodes showed shorter electrode-nerve distances compared to their correspondent e4 and e7 electrodes, which induced AFNS in the first implantation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Cochlear re-implantation with multi-mode grounding stimulation associated with anodic monophasic pulses was an effective strategy for managing AFNS. The patient's speech perception scores rapidly improved and AFNS was not detected four years after cochlear re-implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 2","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K R Meghanadh, Udit Saxena, S B Rathna Kumar, Gish Chacko, Vikas N, Sandhra S, Gunjan Mehta
{"title":"Electrode impedances in children with cochlear implants: Comparison between intra-operative Switch ON and post-operative Switch ON.","authors":"K R Meghanadh, Udit Saxena, S B Rathna Kumar, Gish Chacko, Vikas N, Sandhra S, Gunjan Mehta","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2172827","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2172827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intra-operative Switch ON (IOSO) is a novel clinical approach of activating the cochlear implant during the surgery adopted at our cochlear implantation center.We compared the electrode impedances in two conditions of Switch ON of cochlear implants; IOSO and post-operative Switch ON (POSO, 21st day of surgery).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electrode impedances of 185 cochlear implants, 93 of whom received IOSO and 92 POSO, recorded over 10 years were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electrode impedances of IOSO group were significantly lower than POSO group at Switch ON and 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months post cochlear implantation. In IOSO group, 3rd month's electrode impedances were high when compared to electrode impedances at Switch ON. Beyond the 3rd months, electrode impedance remained unchanged. In POSO group, there were no significant differences in electrode impedances between any measurement schedule.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate in detail the electrode impedances of the two above-said conditions of Switch ON in the process of cochlear implantation. This study concludes that timing of CI Switch ON has a significant effect on the electrode impedances. These results may affect the choice of cochlear implant Switch ON timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 2","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9677064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne K Maxwell, Jacob B Kahane, Rahul Mehta, Moises A Arriaga
{"title":"Cochlear implantation through intracochlear fibrosis: A comparison of surgical techniques.","authors":"Anne K Maxwell, Jacob B Kahane, Rahul Mehta, Moises A Arriaga","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2153968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2022.2153968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While the implications of ossification on cochlear implantation (CI) have been extensively described, there is a paucity of data regarding the fibrotic stage. We examined the outcomes of different insertion techniques for managing intracochlear fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective review of case series with case-control comparison.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University-based tertiary-referral otology-neurotology practice.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Between 2009 to 2020, 384 patients underwent CI. Of those, 7 patients (8 ears) demonstrated intracochlear fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>CI performed 1-4 months following meningitis/labyrinthitis and 12-24 months after idiopathic sudden SNHL. Fibrosis removal (38%) or dilation (63%) permitted implantation. A styleted-electrode was used in 63% due to dense fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Postoperative audiometry with CI in place, additional comparisons with audiometric outcomes in age-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Full insertion achieved in all except one ear with partial ossification. Mean ipsilateral pure tone average (PTA) improved to 29 ± 15 dB and speech discrimination to 72 ± 28%. Fibrosis removal vs. dilation resulted in no PTA differences (<i>p</i> = 0.76). Poorest outcomes occurred with the longest time to surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Good CI audiologic outcomes in the setting of cochlear fibrosis can be achieved and are independent of technique. Instead, they vary with time to implantation. Every attempt should be made to intervene as early as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 2","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9680730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arianna Winchester, Emily Kay-Rivest, David R Friedmann, Sean O McMenomey, William H Shapiro, J Thomas Roland, Susan Waltzman, Daniel Jethanamest
{"title":"HiRes ultra series cochlear implant field recall: failure rates and early outcomes.","authors":"Arianna Winchester, Emily Kay-Rivest, David R Friedmann, Sean O McMenomey, William H Shapiro, J Thomas Roland, Susan Waltzman, Daniel Jethanamest","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2145689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2022.2145689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate rates of Advanced Bionics Ultra 3D/Ultra cochlear implant failure in the setting of a worldwide device recall and report surgical and auditory outcomes after revision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review was performed for adult and pediatric patients implanted with at risk devices at our center from 2016 to 2020. Device failure rates, surgical, and auditory outcomes were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 113 at-risk devices, 20 devices (17.7%) in 18 patients (two bilaterally implanted) were identified as failures. All devices were with mid-scala electrodes. Eleven patients (61.1%) were children and 7 (38.9%) adults. Twelve patients were found to have failing devices after reporting subjective performance decline; the remainder were prompted by manufacturer notification. All were revised, with the majority (83.3%) choosing the same manufacturer. All had uncomplicated original and revision insertions. Among adults, average word scores on the revised side were stable pre- to post-revision (<i>P</i> = 0.95).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Patients with device failure due to this field action performed well after revision implantation. Patients with bilateral at-risk devices but evidence of unilateral failure may elect to undergo simultaneous empiric revision of the contralateral device. Three patients who elected to change device manufacturers on revision have variable results that require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients requiring revision for a device field action overall perform well. At-risk devices continue to require monitoring as a growing number are likely to fail over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 2","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9735143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc Leblans, Andrzej Zarowski, Andrzej Molisz, Joost van Dinther, Janne Dedeyne, Bob Lerut, Rudolf Kuhweide, Erwin Offeciers
{"title":"Cochlear implant electrode array tip-foldover detection by electrode voltage telemetry.","authors":"Marc Leblans, Andrzej Zarowski, Andrzej Molisz, Joost van Dinther, Janne Dedeyne, Bob Lerut, Rudolf Kuhweide, Erwin Offeciers","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2148890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2022.2148890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>With the introduction of more flexible and thinner electrodes, such as Cochlear's Slim Modiolar Electrode, there is a higher risk of electrode insertion problems, in particular the tip foldover. Timely intraoperative detection of the problem would allow for direct intraoperative correction. This paper describes a non-radiological method for intraoperative tip foldover detection that is applicable in all surgical centers and can quickly deliver accurate results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Postoperative radiographs of 118 CI-recipients implanted with Nucleus devices were retrospectively analyzed on the presence of a tip foldover. Electrode Voltage Telemetry (EVT), also called Electric Field Imaging, was performed by means of Cochlear's EVT software tool, which is now integrated into Custom Sound-EP as the Trans-Impedance-Matrix measurement option. Tip foldover detection was automated by using the linear Hough transform for extracting straight-line patterns in the Trans-Impedance Matrix's heatmap.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The six cases of electrode tip foldover were accurately identified by the EVT measurements, including two cases with folding location very close to the electrode tip (contact 20).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Electrode Voltage Telemetry measures the Trans-Impedance Matrix, which can accurately detect tip foldovers of the cochlear implant electrodes within 1 min. This method can be reliably applied in all patients with normal cochlear anatomy and is able to intraoperatively detect foldovers localized even very close to the electrode tip. Application of the linear Hough transform allows for automatic detection of electrode tip foldovers that shows excellent agreement with visual evaluation of the radiological images and the transimpedance matrix's heatmap.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 2","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}