Miriam R Smetak, Shanik J Fernando, Matthew R O'Malley, Marc L Bennett, David S Haynes, Christopher T Wootten, Frank W Virgin, Robert T Dwyer, Benoit M Dawant, Jack H Noble, Robert F Labadie
{"title":"Electrode array positioning after cochlear reimplantation from single manufacturer.","authors":"Miriam R Smetak, Shanik J Fernando, Matthew R O'Malley, Marc L Bennett, David S Haynes, Christopher T Wootten, Frank W Virgin, Robert T Dwyer, Benoit M Dawant, Jack H Noble, Robert F Labadie","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2179756","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2179756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether revision surgery with the same device results in a change in three key indicators of electrode positioning: scalar location, mean modiolar distance (<math><mrow><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math>), and angular insertion depth (AID).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of a cochlear implant database at a university-based tertiary medical center. Intra-operative CT scans were obtained after initial and revision implantation. Electrode array (EA) position was calculated using auto-segmentation techniques. Initial and revision scalar location, <math><mrow><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math>, and AID were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean change in <math><mrow><mover><mi>M</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> for all ears was -0.07 mm (SD 0.24 mm; <i>P</i> = 0.16). The mean change in AID for all ears was -5° (SD 67°; <i>P</i> = 0.72). Three initial implantations with pre-curved EAs resulted in a translocation from Scala Tympani (ST) to Scala Vestibuli (SV). Two remained translocated after revision, while one was corrected when revised with a straight EA. An additional five translocations occurred after revision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study examining revision cochlear implantation from a single manufacturer, we demonstrated no significant change in key indicators of EA positioning, even when revising with a different style of electrode. However, the revision EA is not necessarily confined by the initial trajectory and there may be an increased risk of translocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 5","pages":"273-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10372339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9936022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamie A Schlacter, Emily Kay-Rivest, Sean O McMenomey, J Thomas Roland, David R Friedmann, Daniel Jethanamest
{"title":"Bilateral cochlear implantation after immunotherapy-related profound hearing loss: A case report.","authors":"Jamie A Schlacter, Emily Kay-Rivest, Sean O McMenomey, J Thomas Roland, David R Friedmann, Daniel Jethanamest","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2193918","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2193918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are being utilized with increasing frequency and may be linked to neurologic and audiovestibular toxicities. This report aimed to describe a case of ICI-induced sensorineural hearing loss ultimately requiring bilateral cochlear implantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 42-year-old female with stage IV metastatic melanoma of the perianal skin was treated with ipilimumab (blocker of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 [CTLA-4]) and nivolumab (anti-programmed cell death protein 1 [PD1]). After 21 weeks of therapy, she developed sudden vertigo and bilateral hearing loss. A full workup including MRI and lumbar puncture ruled out intracranial parenchymal metastases, leptomeningeal metastases, stroke and intracranial infection. ICI-associated aseptic meningoencephalitis was therefore diagnosed. The patient received systemic steroids as well as intratympanic steroids, which temporarily improved hearing, but eventually developed permanent, bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient received bilateral cochlear implants and has demonstrated good performance one year after implantation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>ICI are being increasingly used to treat a variety of advanced malignancies. This is the first report of bilateral cochlear implants in the context of profound hearing loss after an immunotherapy induced meningoencephalitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICI carries the risk of potential ototoxicity, including profound SNHL as depicted in our case. Cochlear implantation proved to be beneficial and may be considered in patients with ICI-related hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 5","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10244282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew E Smith, Daniel J Moualed, Simon R Freeman, Emma J Stapleton, Raji Anup, Jincy Kurian, Nicola Jarvis, Owen M Thomas, Simon K W Lloyd
{"title":"The experience of auditory implant recipients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging: Factors associated with pain.","authors":"Matthew E Smith, Daniel J Moualed, Simon R Freeman, Emma J Stapleton, Raji Anup, Jincy Kurian, Nicola Jarvis, Owen M Thomas, Simon K W Lloyd","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2172828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2023.2172828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Many patients with cochlear implants (CI) and auditory brainstem implants (ABI) require magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following implantation. This study explores the patient experience of MRI, identifying factors associated with pain, and the effect of interventions designed to enhance comfort and safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational case series from a tertiary referral unit. Tight head bandaging ± local anaesthetic injection (devices with non-MRI-compatible magnets) or observation alone (implants with MRI-compatible magnets) were employed for 1.5 T MRI of consecutive adult patients with CI or ABI without magnet removal. Pain was recorded via visual analogue scale (1 = no pain, 5 = extreme pain) at three time points; (1) baseline, (2) head bandage applied (3) during scanning. Patient age, device type, body area imaged and total scan time were recorded as variables, alongside adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected for 227 MRI scans (34 patients with ABI, 32 with CI). In patients managed with bandaging, pain score after bandaging but prior to scanning (median 2.2) did not differ from pain during scanning (2.1), but both were significantly higher than baseline (1.4, both P<i> </i>≤<i> </i>0.001). Scanning areas other than the head/cervical spine was associated with higher pain scores (P = 0.036). Pain during MRI differed between different manufacturers implants (P<i> </i>≤<i> </i>0.001). Adverse events occurred in 8/227 scans (3.5%), none occurring with devices containing an MRI-compatible magnet.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRI scanning with auditory implant magnets in situ is safe and well tolerated by patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 5","pages":"260-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9866971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecem Kartal Özcan, Şule Çekiç, Gonca Sennaroglu, Sigfrid D Soli
{"title":"Development of the Turkish hearing in noise test for children.","authors":"Ecem Kartal Özcan, Şule Çekiç, Gonca Sennaroglu, Sigfrid D Soli","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2179753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2023.2179753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this study is to develop the Turkish version of hearing in noise test for children (HINT-C) by providing norms and correction factors for the children in different age groups.<b>Methods:</b> A total of 77 individuals with normal hearing - 62 children (6-12 years old) and 15 adults (18-30 years old) - were included. Twelve phonemically balanced 10-sentence lists were created from the adult version of the Turkish HINT (Study 1). Age-specific norms, correction factors and maturation effects were examined using the Turkish HINT-C (Study 2).<b>Results:</b> Mean performances under different listening conditions and Spatial Release from Masking (SRM) advantage values were obtained for the 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old and estimated for the 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old age groups, and correction factors were calculated for all children age groups. Turkish-speaking children did not achieve adult-like hearing in noise performance, until they were 12 years old.<b>Conclusions:</b> Twelve phonemically balanced 10-sentence lists of Turkish HINT-C were created, and the mean performances of children in different age groups were measured. In addition to the age-specific HINT-C norms and correction factors for the 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old age groups, the maturation effects were determined.<b>Highlights</b> The assessment of speech-in-noise perception is highly critical for children.To evaluate the speech-in-noise perception ability, 12 phonemically balanced 10-sentence lists of Turkish HINT-C were created.Speech-in-noise perception ability improves with age.Turkish-speaking children do not achieve adult-like hearing in noise performance, until they were 12 years old.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 5","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9867759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor-in-Chief position, Cochlear Implants International from 1 January 2023.","authors":"Helen Cullington","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2183928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2023.2183928","url":null,"abstract":"I’m delighted to introduce our new Editor-in-Chief Helen Cullington. Helen has a long history of involvement with Cochlear Implants International. She has played all roles within the Journal: subscriber since the very first issue in 2000, author since 2003; reviewer since 2010; on the Editorial Board since 2013, and assistant editor since 2016. Our two previous Editors-inChief were men – it is time to have a woman. Women are underrepresented among Editors-inChief of leading medical journals (around 21%) (Pinho-Gomes et al. 2021). Helen has worked clinically in the cochlear implant field for 29 years – at six cochlear implant centres around the world, and is also active in research https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5093-2020. She is currently Chair of the British Cochlear Implant Group (BCIG).","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 4","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9816767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Heine, Max Eike Timm, Lutz Gärtner, Thomas Lenarz, Anke Lesinski-Schiedat
{"title":"Auditory rehabilitation after temporal bone fracture with cochlear implants - a case control study.","authors":"Katharina Heine, Max Eike Timm, Lutz Gärtner, Thomas Lenarz, Anke Lesinski-Schiedat","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2022.2148351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2022.2148351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Temporal bone fracture can cause posttraumatic deafness. Sequelae like ossification or obliteration of the cochlea can impact the outcome of cochlear implantation. This study highlights the effect of localisation of the fracture to morphologic, electric and functional criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group consists of patients suffering from hearing loss caused by temporal bone fracture (<i>n</i> = 61 ears). Patients were divided into otic capsule sparing (OCS) and otic capsule involving (OCI) fractures. The OCI group was additionally divided into subgroups with or without signs of ossification inside the cochlea. Postoperative imaging, hearing tests and electrode impedances were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of postoperative hearing rehabilitation showed lower speech understanding scores for the OCI group, especially for the ossification group. OCI fractures with signs of ossification showed increased impedances. Patients in the OCI group suffered more frequently from facial nerve stimulation (FNS). FNS was most frequently observed within the ossification group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cochlear implantation in patients with temporal bone fracture is adequate therapy for the treatment of fracture-induced deafness. In long-term observation, these patients show comparable results with regular cochlear implant (CI) patients. Implantation should be performed as soon as possible after hearing loss, before obstructing obliteration or ossification of the cochlea start.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 4","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10145319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas S Andresen, Lekha V Yesantharao, Stephen P Bowditch, Deepa J Galaiya, Charles C Della Santina, Francis X Creighton, Daniel Q Sun
{"title":"Outcomes after revision of Advanced Bionics Clarion 1.2 cochlear implants.","authors":"Nicholas S Andresen, Lekha V Yesantharao, Stephen P Bowditch, Deepa J Galaiya, Charles C Della Santina, Francis X Creighton, Daniel Q Sun","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2198789","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2198789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cochlear implant reimplantation (CIR) for external processor upgrade or device failure is becoming increasingly common as the population of cochlear implant recipients ages. Patients with Advanced Bionics (AB) Clarion 1.2 cochlear implants may undergo CIR for device age/failure or desired technology upgrade so that they may use newer external processors that have improved connectivity features. The objective of this study was to evaluate audiologic outcomes for patients who were initially implanted with an AB Clarion 1.2 internal device and underwent CIR for technology upgrade or device failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review was performed at a single academic medical center for patients (pediatric and adult) with an AB Clarion 1.2 internal device who underwent CIR to a later generation AB internal device and had available audiologic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight individuals with a Clarion 1.2 implant underwent CIR. Pre- and post-CIR speech understanding did not change for AzBio (p-value = 0.11, mean change = 12.1%, 95% CI = -2.9-27.2%), CNCw (p-value = 0.74, mean change = -1%, 95% CI = -10.4-12.4%), or HINT (p-value = 0.12, mean change = 19.9%, 95% CI = -2.6-42.4%) scores. Pure-tone averages improved following CIR (p-value < 0.01, mean change = 4.3 dB, 95% CI = 1.5-7.1 dB).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Revision of AB Clarion 1.2 cochlear implants does not significantly worsen audiologic outcomes and may improve hearing in some individuals, but individual patient-level outcomes are variable.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 4","pages":"190-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10524760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9791066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric cochlear implants and myringotomy tubes: a systematic review.","authors":"Shubham Patel, Alexa Robbins, Ching Siong Tey, Chao Zhang, Shenita Peterson, Nandini Govil","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2222912","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2222912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the intraoperative findings and post-operative complications associated with patients who have current or history of myringotomy tubes undergoing a cochlear implantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed. Studies from Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were included. Studies were independently screened and analyzed by 2 reviewers. Publications assessing pediatric patients with current or history of myringotomy tubes at time of cochlear implantation were reviewed. Discrepancies were resolved by a team of 4 reviewers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>172 studies were screened, 15 met inclusion criteria, and 12 were incorporated into the study. All 12 of the studies were retrospective cohort studies. Meta-analysis showed no significant relationship between intraoperative findings at time of cochlear implantation (presence of effusion, granulation tissue, edematous middle ear tissue) and myringotomy tube insertion (<i>p</i> = 0.63). Additionally, there was no significant relationship between current or history of myringotomy tube and acute otitis media episode after CI (<i>p</i> = 0.25).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no association noted between perioperative outcomes of pediatric cochlear implantation and myringotomy tube. This information will be helpful for surgeons planning to perform cochlear implantation in the pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 4","pages":"216-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9789714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does the duration matter? Effect of cochlear implantation on language development in Mandarin-speaking children with hearing loss.","authors":"Tang Zhi Lim, Pei-Hua Chen","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2194052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2023.2194052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Several studies have shown that cochlear implantation (CI) can influence language development in children with severe-to-profound hearing loss. However, whether the age of implantation and duration of CI use influence language development remains unclear, particularly in Mandarin-speaking children with hearing loss. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of CI-related variables on language development in these children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study recruited 133 Mandarin-speaking children with hearing loss, aged between 36 and 71 months chronologically, from a nonprofit organisation in Taiwan. The Revised Preschool Language Assessment (RPLA) was used to evaluate the children's language performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with hearing loss demonstrated delayed language comprehension and oral expression. Among them, 34% achieved age-appropriate language development. The duration of CI use had a significant direct effect on language-related abilities. Conversely, the age of implantation did not have a significant direct effect. Furthermore, the age of initial interventions (auditory-oral) had a significant direct effect only on language comprehension. Compared with the age of implantation, the duration of CI use was a significant mediator of language-related abilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Mandarin-speaking children with late CIs, the duration of CI use is a more effective mediator of language development than the age of implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 4","pages":"205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Callum Findlay, Mathew Edwards, Kate Hough, Mary Grasmeder, Tracey A Newman
{"title":"Leveraging real-world data to improve cochlear implant outcomes: Is the data available?","authors":"Callum Findlay, Mathew Edwards, Kate Hough, Mary Grasmeder, Tracey A Newman","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2023.2198792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2023.2198792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A small but persistent proportion of individuals do not gain the expected benefit from cochlear implants(CI). A step-change in the understanding of factors affecting outcomes could come through data science. This study evaluates clinical data capture to assess the quality and utility of CI user's health records for data science, by assessing the recording of otitis media. Otitis media was selected as it is associated with the development of sensorineural hearing loss and may affect cochlear implant outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective service improvement project evaluating the medical records of 594 people with a CI under the care of the University of Southampton Auditory Implant Service between 2014 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical records are suitable for data science research. Of the cohort studied 20% of Adults and more than 40% of the paediatric cases have a history of middle ear inflammation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Data science has potential to improve cochlear implant outcomes and improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying poor performance, through retrospective secondary analysis of real-world data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implant centres and the British Cochlear Implant Group National Hearing Implant Registry are urged to consider the importance of consistently and accurate recording of patient data over time for each CI user. Data where links to hearing loss have been identified, such as middle ear inflammation, may be particularly valuable in future analyses and to inform clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":"24 4","pages":"178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}