Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica最新文献_第8页

Energy Balance of Briquette Production from Various Waste Biomass 利用各种废生物质生产型煤的能量平衡

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0030

A. Brunerová, M. Brožek, V. Šleger, A. Novakova

{"title":"Energy Balance of Briquette Production from Various Waste Biomass","authors":"A. Brunerová, M. Brožek, V. Šleger, A. Novakova","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Production of briquette bio-fuel is related to several aspects of densification process. The present paper deals with the relation between briquette volume density ρ (kg·m−3) and required deformation energy Ed (J). Wood, energy crop and cardboard feedstocks were compressed by a laboratory briquetting press of two diameters (40 and 65 mm); in this way six kinds of briquette samples (W40, W65, E40, E65, C40, C65) were produced. The values of compressing force F (N) and briquette volume density ρ were measured directly during feedstock densification; the deformation energy Ed was calculated subsequently. The amount of deformation energy Ed consumed within the achievement of specific briquette volume density ρ levels differed in case of all samples, the same as the maximum achieved briquette volume density ρ levels. Best results, i.e. efficiency of briquette production (the highest ρ, the lowest Ed), were achieved by cardboard samples, followed by wood and finally by energy crop samples. An overall evaluation indicated a higher production efficiency of briquette samples 40 mm in diameter and the disadvantage of the production of briquette samples with briquette volume density ρ > 1000 kg·m−3; above such level, the amount of consumed deformation energy Ed increased disproportionately sharply.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44599395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

PGPR-Induced Growth Stimulation and Nutrient Acquisition in Maize: Do Root Hairs Matter? PGPR诱导的玉米生长刺激和养分获取：根毛重要吗？

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0022

N. Weber, I. Herrmann, F. Hochholdinger, U. Ludewig, G. Neumann

{"title":"PGPR-Induced Growth Stimulation and Nutrient Acquisition in Maize: Do Root Hairs Matter?","authors":"N. Weber, I. Herrmann, F. Hochholdinger, U. Ludewig, G. Neumann","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Here we describe the effects of the well-characterized, commercial plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ 13134 (Proradix®) on plant growth, root morphology, and nutrient acquisition of a maize mutant (rth2) with impaired root hair production as compared with the corresponding wild type line, to study the importance of root hairs for the interaction of the PGPR strain with the host plant. The study was conducted in rhizobox culture with a sand–soil mixture and moderate P supply. Root hair development of the mutant was clearly impaired, reflected by slower growth and limited elongation as compared with the wild type line. This defect was compensated by more intense root growth and fine root production of the mutant which was particularly expressed after inoculation with Proradix®. By contrast, PGPR inoculation had no effect on root hair length. The beneficial effects of Proradix® on root growth were reflected in higher shoot contents of the macronutrients P and K. Interestingly, negative effects on shoot accumulation of the micronutrients Zn and Cu were observed. These findings support proposed PGPR effects of this strain but also show limitations that may be explained by additional strain-specific properties. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41568615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Malacofauna of Selected Areas in Litovelské Pomoraví (Czech Republic) 利托夫斯科涅尔选定地区的马拉科夫纳Pomoraví(捷克共和国)

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0024

J. Hlava, Anna Hlavová

引用次数: 0

Quantification of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria from Bohemian Honey 波西米亚蜂蜜中厚壁菌门、放线菌门和γ -变形菌门的定量分析

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0025

Z. Hroncova, K. Konopásková, T. Volstatova, J. Killer

{"title":"Quantification of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria from Bohemian Honey","authors":"Z. Hroncova, K. Konopásková, T. Volstatova, J. Killer","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Honey, which has been used as an ancient remedy for infected wounds, has been shown in laboratory studies to have antimicrobial action against a spectrum of bacteria and fungi. Because very little quantitative information exists on the microbiota of honey, the aim of this study was to quantify the Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gammaproteobacteria groups in samples of honeydew honey and blossom honey from six regions in the Czech Republic, using quantitative real-time PCR analysis with specific primers based on the 16S rRNA gene. Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes were clearly the most abundant, predominating Actinobacteria in both types of honey. Most of the Firmicutes were detected in samples from South Bohemia (mean gene copies per 1 g honey: 5.6 × 105) and Ústí nad Labem Region (3.7 × 105), which contained the lowest number of Gammaproteobacteria (15.5 × 103). The Actinobacteria were prevalent in samples from Plzeň (4.3 × 103) and Central Bohemia (5.4 × 103), where conversely the Firmicutes were least abundant. Honey thus contains bacterial species with probiotic activity and oligosaccharides which can act as prebiotics, suggesting that its incorporation into the human diet may potentially impart significant health benefits to consumers compared with ‘empty calories’ consumed as refined sugar.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46720477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Metal Oxides and Urea Fertilizer on Agronomic Traits of Safflower 金属氧化物和尿素对红花农艺性状的影响

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0021

M. Janmohammadi, M. Fattahi, N. Sabaghnia, M. Nouraein

{"title":"Effects of Metal Oxides and Urea Fertilizer on Agronomic Traits of Safflower","authors":"M. Janmohammadi, M. Fattahi, N. Sabaghnia, M. Nouraein","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Mediterranean semi-arid regions major constraints impinging on agricultural development are deficiency of water and nutrient depleted soils. The problem of enhancing crop yield in these areas is widely distinguished as a challenge. In order to evaluate the integrated application of urea fertilizer (0, 160, and 320 kg ha−1) and nano-metal oxide (Fe2O3, ZnO, and CuO) on safflower growth performance, a field experiment was carried out in the Baneh district, a semi-arid region in Western Iran. Urea fertilizer significantly increased the plant height (11%), canopy width (8%), ground cover percentage (6%), plant dry weight (35%), number of secondary branches (16%), seeds number per head (19%), and total seed yield (38%). However, the higher application of urea fertilizer resulted in a significant decrease in wrinkled seed percentage (3.25%), harvest index (2.62%), and thousand seed weight (2.67%). Also, nano-metal oxides significantly affected morphological traits and yield components. Mean comparison revealed that the best performance was obtained by the integrated application of 320 kg urea fertilizer and nano-Fe or nano-Zn. Overall, the present research highlighted the necessity of balanced and integrated application of macronutrients and micronutrient fertilizers for sustainable safflower production in semi-arid regions of Western Iran.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45525280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Climate Change and its Impact on the Conditions of Late Blight Occurrence 气候变化及其对晚疫病发生条件的影响

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0023

T. Litschmann, E. Hausvater, P. Doležal, P. Baštová

{"title":"Climate Change and its Impact on the Conditions of Late Blight Occurrence","authors":"T. Litschmann, E. Hausvater, P. Doležal, P. Baštová","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper is focused on the evaluation of trends in weather indicators influencing conditions for late blight occurrence, and subsequently on trends in the first treatment forecasts, number of infections, and number of infection days. The processing covering the period 1975–2016 was done with a higher density of points for the Czech and Slovak Republics and a lower density for European regions with more important distribution of potato growing on arable land. The obtained results show an unambiguous statistically significant trend in the increase of minimum temperature by around 0.5°C per 10 years; contrarily, no more significant trends were recorded for air humidity. For precipitation no statistically significant decreases were found at any of the processed localities, increases were rarely detected. Considering the number of days with precipitation, for the western part of the studied territory rather increases, while for the eastern part stagnation, and for Ukraine decrease in days with precipitation were recorded. Trends in the processed characteristics using the index method of late blight indicate a statistically more significant earlier onset of the first treatment especially at Czech localities; however, at most localities a slight increase in the number of infection periods and in the number of days with infection pressure was found.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sensitivity to Fungicides and Esential Oils in Czech Isolates of Phytophthora infestans 捷克晚疫病分离株对杀菌剂和精油的敏感性

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0011

J. Mazáková, M. Zouhar, P. Sedlak, E. Zusková, P. Ryšánek, E. Hausvater

{"title":"Sensitivity to Fungicides and Esential Oils in Czech Isolates of Phytophthora infestans","authors":"J. Mazáková, M. Zouhar, P. Sedlak, E. Zusková, P. Ryšánek, E. Hausvater","doi":"10.2478/sab-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A total of 235 Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected from five regions of the Czech Republic during the growing seasons 2012–2014 and 2016 and examined using the in vitro amended agar method for their sensitivity to metalaxyl-M (MFX), propamocarb-HCl (PCH), and dimethomorph (DMM). A majority of the isolates (50%) were sensitive to MFX. Resistant isolates were found in all four years of the survey; they represented 30% of the samples. The EC50 values of PCH in inhibiting mycelial growth of 65% of the overall isolates were higher than 100 μg ml−1, which indicates the occurrence of insensitivity to PCH in the Czech P. infestans populations. DMM was very effective, and the mycelial growth of all isolates tested was completely suppressed at the concentration of 0.1 μg ml−1. Furthermore, the efficacy of 12 plant essential oils was tested against 20 isolates of P. infestans using the in vitro amended agar method. Essential oils of Cymbopogon winterianus, Litsea cubeba, Mentha spicata, Pelargonium graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymus vulgaris were observed to have the highest antifungal activity against P. infestans, with minimal inhibitory concentrations less than or equal to 1 μl ml−1.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42582537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Application of Doppler Radar for Wildlife Detection in Vegetation 多普勒雷达在植被野生动物检测中的应用

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0019

V. Shapoval, J. Lev, J. Bartoska, F. Kumhála

引用次数: 2

Does Zinc Overdose in Rat Diet Alter Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn Concentrations in a Tapeworm Host? 大鼠饮食中锌过量是否会改变绦虫宿主体内铜、铁、锰和锌的浓度?

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0015

I. Jankovská, V. Sloup, J. Száková, J. Magdálek, B. Horáková, I. Langrová

引用次数: 1

The Analysis of Czech Genetic Resources of Nutrias (Myocastor coypus) 捷克肥猪遗传资源分析

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sab-2018-0014

T. Nemecek, E. Tůmová

引用次数: 0