{"title":"A Late Composition Dedicated to Nergal","authors":"Ludovica Cecilia","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article treats a composition that was probably dedicated to Nergal, a god with a long cultic tradition in ancient Mesopotamia who was mainly related to war and death. The text was first edited by Böhl (1949; 1953: 207–216, 496–497), followed by Ebeling (1953: 116–117). Later, Seux (1976: 85–88) and Foster (2005: 708–709) translated and commented upon it. I will present a new reading of the invocation on the tablet’s upper edge, which confirms that the tablet originated in Uruk during the Hellenistic period. Furthermore, I will discuss the many Neo-Babylonian and Late Babylonian grammatical elements of this composition. The high frequency of these elements, typical of the vernacular language, is unusual for a literary text and suggests that not only the tablet, but also the composition of the text stems from the first millennium BCE, and perhaps, just like the tablet, from Hellenistic Uruk. The purpose of this contribution is, therefore, to show through an analysis of this text, that the conservative and poetic literary language was reworked and adapted to the cultural situation of the late period in Mesopotamian literary production.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"204 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41492016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"«A toujours fuir, on fuit son avenir»","authors":"Pascal Attinger","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article discusses a choice of Sumerian proverbs or anecdotes. As the different translations show, their meaning is most often controversial.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"161 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two Fragments from a Single Tablet?","authors":"Andrew Burlingame, D. Pardee","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents material, palaeographic, and epistolographic arguments in support of the hypothesis that two epistolary fragments recovered at the site of Raʾs Šamra in 1954—RS 18.286[A] and RS 18.[400]—originally belonged to a single tablet. Similar data suggest that the fragment RS 18.286[B], long thought to belong to the same tablet as RS 18.286[A], cannot in fact be accepted to have originated from this tablet. The reconfiguration of these fragments results in new interpretive possibilities and leads us to believe that the tablet of which RS 18.286[A] and RS 18.[400] comprise two parts originally bore a message from the queen to her son—the only such letter in our possession and hence a potentially important addition to our knowledge of Ugaritic epistolary protocol within the royal family.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"186 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44110966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Of Sumerian Songs and Spells","authors":"Martin Worthington","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper explores the uses of the Sumerian expression ser3-ku3, with a view to clarifying its sense. The paper arises from my study of Babylonian šerkugû, which I argue to have the meaning ‘incantation’ (see fn. 16). This is a loan from Sumerian *ser3-ku3-ga. The form with -ga (arising from the addition of the ‘adjectival a’ to ku3.g ‘holy, pure’) is not currently attested in Sumerian. (I thank Pascal Attinger, pers. comm., for the observation that apparent attestations of ser3-ku3-ga, e.g. in Martu A 58, are in fact locatives in -a). It does however occur in spellings of Babylonian šerkugû (CAD Š/2, 316b). It argues that there are two main uses, ‘incantation’ and ‘hymn’, probably correlating respectively with one-word (‘univerbated’) and two-word incarnations of the expression. This hypothesis finds support in the phrase’s loan and translation into Babylonian.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"264 ","pages":"270 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Native-speaker Intuitions about Genitive Constructions in Sumerian","authors":"G. Zólyomi","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines a remarkable variation in the new manuscript of En-metena 1 (RIME 1.9.5.1) kept in the Sulaymaniyah Museum in Iraq: a left-dislocated genitive construction is replaced by a simple genitive construction. Also, the manuscript shortens the text in a number of places. The paper reviews other known examples of text abridgements in royal inscriptions of the 3rd millennium BC and suggests that the composers of these inscriptions used similar techniques to manipulate the texts according to their function and use as the scribes who wrote the Assyrian royal inscriptions of the 1st millennium. The new manuscript provides a rare opportunity to observe a scribe who adapts an already existing text using his linguistic competence.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"301 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classement et lexique animal dans les sources cunéiformes","authors":"Vérène Chalendar","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with the methodological issues involved in reconstructing Mesopotamian zoological knowledge, and also with the difficult task of identifying species from the information provided by the cuneiform sources. Through the case study of the animal designated by the sumerogram ur.ki, for which the dictionaries suggest various identifications – dog, badger, or even worm – we explore the Mesopotamian vision of fauna, which already seems to attest to an organized conceptual system elaborated by Mesopotamian scholars concerning their natural environment. We also examine the manipulation of the lexical documentation related to zoological « taxonomy », and lexical matters, which though broadly used, requires extreme caution. ur.ki provides a perfect case study, since it is already attested in the Old Babylonian forerunner to the lexical list ur5.ra = ḫubullu, and remains documented in the later version of this list, but also in some scholarly texts. It allows a chronological survey that aims at retracing the understanding of a sumerogramm and considering the question of the evolution of zoological knowledge in Mesopotamia.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"114 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45223446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thinking and Writing “Donkey” in Ancient Egypt","authors":"M. Vandenbeusch","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the role of donkeys in ancient Egypt through a lexicographical lens. It presents the terminology used for the animal in religious texts focusing on three case studies. Firstly, the most common word used for donkey aA, which appears in economic, literary and religious texts, will be examined. The second section will look into the entity hiw opening to a world of fantastic beings and hybrid creatures. And finally we will see that the number of signs associated to donkeys multiplied in the Ptolemaic period and are generally connected with the god Seth. With these three short investigations, different facets of the donkey are explored, revealing an animal that can be both an evil being and a threatening tool.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"135 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45456521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Requests for Food-provisions in RS 94.2523 and RS 94.2530","authors":"Michael C. Lyons","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scholars have debated the meaning of both RS 94.2523 and 94.2530, two letters from Hatti to Ugarit at the end of the Late Bronze Age. Settling the meaning of the Sumerogram pad (Akkadian, kurummatu) as either a reference to metal ingots or a type of food-provision has persistently caused interpretative trouble. The present article reassesses Singer’s arguments for reading pad as metal ingots, and it finds his arguments unsupported by the philological evidence. In addition, this article offers a new observation about famine language in RS 94.2530 that suggests pad does indeed refer to food-provisions in both letters as originally proposed by Lackenbacher/Malbran-Labat.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"15 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42323340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Dwellers of Azû","authors":"E. Torrecilla","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will focus on the individuals attested to in the 15 texts from Azû, with the objective of sketching the inner chronology of the corpus. The published studies on the Ekalte and Emar generations are also used to establish a chronological link between the three Syrian archives. In addition, data from the administrative apparatus of the city (institutions, professions, scribes) will be gathered for the sake of narrowing down the social and cultural contexts of the three Syrian archives from the Middle Euphrates before the Hittites assumed control of the area.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":"46 1","pages":"33 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48418215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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