Tamara Rodrigues da Silva Destro, Thaís Marina Pires de Campos Biazon, Henrique Pott-Junior, Flávia Cristina Rossi Caruso, Daniela Kuguimoto Andaku, Naiara Molina Garcia, José Carlos Bonjorno-Junior, Audrey Borghi-Silva, Débora Mayumi de Oliveira Kawakami, Viviane Castello-Simões, Renata Gonçalves Mendes
{"title":"Early passive mobilization increases vascular reactivity response in critical patients with sepsis: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Tamara Rodrigues da Silva Destro, Thaís Marina Pires de Campos Biazon, Henrique Pott-Junior, Flávia Cristina Rossi Caruso, Daniela Kuguimoto Andaku, Naiara Molina Garcia, José Carlos Bonjorno-Junior, Audrey Borghi-Silva, Débora Mayumi de Oliveira Kawakami, Viviane Castello-Simões, Renata Gonçalves Mendes","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220132-pt","DOIUrl":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220132-pt","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the influence of a passive mobilization session on endothelial function in patients with sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a quasi-experimental double-blind and single-arm study with a pre- and postintervention design. Twenty-five patients with a diagnosis of sepsis who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit were included. Endothelial function was assessed at baseline (preintervention) and immediately postintervention by brachial artery ultrasonography. Flow mediated dilatation, peak blood flow velocity and peak shear rate were obtained. Passive mobilization consisted of bilateral mobilization (ankles, knees, hips, wrists, elbows and shoulders), with three sets of ten repetitions each, totaling 15 minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After mobilization, we found increased vascular reactivity function compared to preintervention: absolute flow-mediated dilatation (0.57mm ± 0.22 versus 0.17mm ± 0.31; p < 0.001) and relative flow-mediated dilatation (17.1% ± 8.25 versus 5.08% ± 9.16; p < 0.001). Reactive hyperemia peak flow (71.8cm/s ± 29.3 versus 95.3cm/s ± 32.2; p < 0.001) and shear rate (211s ± 113 versus 288s ± 144; p < 0.001) were also increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A passive mobilization session increases endothelial function in critical patients with sepsis. Future studies should investigate whether a mobilization program can be applied as a beneficial intervention for clinical improvement of endothelial function in patients hospitalized due to sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 4","pages":"461-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9085076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Valente Jorge, Catarina A Barreiros, Doroteia Silva, Rita Calé, João Miguel Ribeiro
{"title":"Extracorporeal mechanical support and aspiration thrombectomy in treatment of massive pulmonary embolism: a case report.","authors":"João Valente Jorge, Catarina A Barreiros, Doroteia Silva, Rita Calé, João Miguel Ribeiro","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220342-pt","DOIUrl":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220342-pt","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute massive pulmonary embolism is the most serious presentation of venous thromboembolism that can ultimately cause obstructive shock, leading to cardiac arrest and death. In this case report, the authors present a case of a 49-year-old female who successfully recovered from a massive pulmonary embolism with the combined use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and pulmonary aspiration thrombectomy, with no complications from these procedures. Although evidence of benefit from mechanical support has not been established for patients with massive pulmonary embolism, the implementation of extracorporeal cardiocirculatory support during resuscitation may allow improvement of systemic organ perfusion and better chance of survival. Recent guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology state that venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in combination with catheter-directed treatment may be considered for patients presenting with massive pulmonary embolism and refractory cardiac arrest. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a stand-alone technique with anticoagulation remains controversial, and additional therapies, such as surgical or percutaneous embolectomy, must be considered. Since this intervention is not supported by high-quality studies, we believe it is important to report real-world successful cases. With this case report, we illustrate the benefit derived from resuscitation assisted by extracorporeal mechanical support and early aspiration thrombectomy in patients with massive pulmonary embolism. Additionally, it emphasizes the synergy that derives from integrated multidisciplinary systems for providing complex interventions, of which extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Interventional Cardiology are clear examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 4","pages":"524-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9092585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafaela de Lemos Lepre, Ana Luiza Mezzaroba, Lucienne Tibery Queiroz Cardoso, Tiemi Matsuo, Cíntia Magalhães Carvalho Grion
{"title":"Refusal of beds and triage of patients admitted to intensive care units in Brazil: a cross-sectional national survey.","authors":"Rafaela de Lemos Lepre, Ana Luiza Mezzaroba, Lucienne Tibery Queiroz Cardoso, Tiemi Matsuo, Cíntia Magalhães Carvalho Grion","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220264-pt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20220264-pt","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To obtain data on bed refusal in intensive care units in Brazil and to evaluate the use of triage systems by professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey. Using the Delphi methodology, a questionnaire was created contemplating the objectives of the study. Physicians and nurses enrolled in the research network of the Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIBnet) were invited to participate. A web platform (SurveyMonkey®) was used to distribute the questionnaire. The variables in this study were measured in categories and expressed as proportions. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to verify associations. The significance level was set at 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 231 professionals answered the questionnaire, representing all regions of the country. The national intensive care units had an occupancy rate of more than 90% always or frequently for 90.8% of the participants. Among the participants, 84.4% had already refused admitting patients to the intensive care unit due to the capacity of the unit. Half of the Brazilian institutions (49.7%) did not have triage protocols for admission to intensive beds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bed refusal due to high occupancy rates is common in Brazilian intensive care units. Even so, half of the services in Brazil do not adopt protocols for triage of beds.</p>","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 4","pages":"484-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9085078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciana Maciel de Souza, Kátia Santana Freitas, Aloísio Machado da Silva Filho, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Geysimara Santos Silveira Souza, Elaine Guedes Fontoura, Alyne Henri Motta Coifman, Pollyana Pereira Portela
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression in family members of people hospitalized in the intensive care unit.","authors":"Luciana Maciel de Souza, Kátia Santana Freitas, Aloísio Machado da Silva Filho, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Geysimara Santos Silveira Souza, Elaine Guedes Fontoura, Alyne Henri Motta Coifman, Pollyana Pereira Portela","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220080-pt","DOIUrl":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220080-pt","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with depression in family members of people hospitalized in intensive care units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 980 family members of patients admitted to the intensive care units of a large public hospital in the interior of Bahia. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8. The multivariate model consisted of the following variables: sex and age of the patient, sex and age of the family member, education level, religion, living with the family member, previous mental illness and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depression had a prevalence of 43.5%. In the multivariate analysis, the model with the best representativeness indicated that factors associated with a higher prevalence of depression were being female (39%), age younger than 40 years (26%) and previous mental illness (38%). A higher education level was associated with a 19% lower prevalence of depression in family members.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increase in the prevalence of depression was associated with female sex, age younger than 40 years and previous psychological problems. Such elements should be valued in actions aimed at family members of people hospitalized in intensive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 4","pages":"499-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9986997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hypoxemia during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. When two is not better than one.","authors":"António Tralhão, Philip Fortuna","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.v34n4-2022-ed-pt","DOIUrl":"10.5935/0103-507X.v34n4-2022-ed-pt","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 4","pages":"400-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9986999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9153293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livia Maria Garcia Melro, Yuri de Albuquerque Pessoa Dos Santos, Luis Carlos Maia Cardozo Júnior, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, Rogério Zigaib, Daniel Neves Forte, Pedro Vitale Mendes, Marcelo Park
{"title":"Exploring the association of two oxygenators in parallel or in series during respiratory support using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.","authors":"Livia Maria Garcia Melro, Yuri de Albuquerque Pessoa Dos Santos, Luis Carlos Maia Cardozo Júnior, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, Rogério Zigaib, Daniel Neves Forte, Pedro Vitale Mendes, Marcelo Park","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220299-pt","DOIUrl":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220299-pt","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the pressures, resistances, oxygenation, and decarboxylation efficacy of two oxygenators associated in series or in parallel during venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the results of a swine severe respiratory failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support model and mathematical modeling, we explored the effects on oxygenation, decarboxylation and circuit pressures of in-parallel and in-series associations of oxygenators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five animals with a median weight of 80kg were tested. Both configurations increased the oxygen partial pressure after the oxygenators. The return cannula oxygen content was also slightly higher, but the impact on systemic oxygenation was minimal using oxygenators with a high rated flow (~ 7L/minute). Both configurations significantly reduced the systemic carbon dioxide partial pressure. As the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood flow increased, the oxygenator resistance decreased initially with a further increase with higher blood flows but with a small clinical impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Association of oxygenators in parallel or in series during venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support provides a modest increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure removal with a slight improvement in oxygenation. The effect of oxygenator associations on extracorporeal circuit pressures is minimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 4","pages":"402-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9078963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vicente Cés de Souza-Dantas, Lilian Maria Sobreira Tanaka, Rodrigo Bernardo Serafim, Jorge Ibrain Figueira Salluh
{"title":"Perceptions and practices regarding light sedation in mechanically ventilated patients: a survey on the attitudes of Brazilian critical care physicians.","authors":"Vicente Cés de Souza-Dantas, Lilian Maria Sobreira Tanaka, Rodrigo Bernardo Serafim, Jorge Ibrain Figueira Salluh","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220278-pt","DOIUrl":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220278-pt","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the knowledge and perceived attitudes toward pharmacologic interventions for light sedation in mechanically ventilated patients and to understand the current gaps comparing current practice with the recommendations of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional cohort study based on the application of an electronic questionnaire focused on sedation practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 303 critical care physicians provided responses to the survey. Most respondents reported routine use of a structured sedation scale (281; 92.6%). Almost half of the respondents reported performing daily interruptions of sedation (147; 48.4%), and the same percentage of participants (48.0%) agreed that patients are often over sedated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants reported that patients had a higher chance of receiving midazolam compared to before the pandemic (178; 58.8% versus 106; 34.0%; p = 0.05), and heavy sedation was more common during the COVID-19 pandemic (241; 79.4% versus 148; 49.0%; p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This survey provides valuable data on the perceived attitudes of Brazilian intensive care physicians regarding sedation. Although daily interruption of sedation was a well-known concept and sedation scales were often used by the respondents, insufficient effort was put into frequent monitoring, use of protocols and systematic implementation of sedation strategies. Despite the perception of the benefits linked with light sedation, there is a need to identify improvement targets to propose educational strategies to improve current practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 4","pages":"426-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9092586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luisa Tajra Carvalho, P. Mendes, B. A. Besen, Marcelo Park
{"title":"The hemoglobin level impact on arterial oxygen saturation during venous-venous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: a mathematical marginal approach","authors":"Luisa Tajra Carvalho, P. Mendes, B. A. Besen, Marcelo Park","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220465-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20220465-en","url":null,"abstract":"Hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the range of 7 14g/dL have been targeted in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-supported acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. There is an association between low Hb levels and prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and bleeding episodes. In contrast, higher Hb levels are associated with lower ECMO blood flow, increased hemolysis, and increased costs. Current transfusion strategies are mostly based on individual judgment, derived mainly from oxygen delivery (DO2) /consumption rationale (VO2).(1) High volume ECMO centers are used to more restrictive Hb strategies, although there is no consensus on a definitive transfusion approach.(2) Conversely, some experienced centers use higher Hb thresholds for transfusion and accept oxygen arterial saturation (SatO2) as low as 70% with excellent clinical outcomes.(3) Critical illnesses are related to cellular dysfunction due to reduced DO2 to tissues. Oxygen delivery depends on cardiac output (CO), Hb level, oxygen arterial partial pressure (PaO2), and SatO2 as in equation 1.(4)","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 1","pages":"393 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43773768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuli V Fuentes, Katherine Carvajal, Santiago Cardona, Gina Sofia Montaño, Elsa D Ibáñez-Prada, Alirio Bastidas, Eder Caceres, Ricardo Buitrago, Marcela Poveda, Luis Felipe Reyes
{"title":"The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index predicts failure of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula therapy in intensive care unit patients: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Yuli V Fuentes, Katherine Carvajal, Santiago Cardona, Gina Sofia Montaño, Elsa D Ibáñez-Prada, Alirio Bastidas, Eder Caceres, Ricardo Buitrago, Marcela Poveda, Luis Felipe Reyes","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220477-pt","DOIUrl":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220477-pt","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the applicability of the Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index to identify the risk of high-flow nasal cannula failure in post-extubation pneumonia patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a 2-year retrospective observational study conducted in a reference hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. All patients in whom post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula therapy was used as a bridge to extubation were included in the study. The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index was calculated to assess the risk of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 162 patients were included in the study. Of these, 23.5% developed high-flow nasal cannula failure. The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index was significantly lower in patients who had high-flow nasal cannula failure [median (IQR): 10.0 (7.7 - 14.4) versus 12.6 (10.1 - 15.6); p = 0.006]. Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index > 4.88 showed a crude OR of 0.23 (95%CI 0.17 - 0.30) and an adjusted OR of 0.89 (95%CI 0.81 - 0.98) stratified by severity and comorbidity. After logistic regression analysis, the Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index had an adjusted OR of 0.90 (95%CI 0.82 - 0.98; p = 0.026). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for extubation failure was 0.64 (95%CI 0.53 - 0.75; p = 0.06). The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index did not show differences between patients who survived and those who died during the intensive care unit stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index is an accessible tool to identify patients at risk of failing high-flow nasal cannula post-extubation treatment. Prospective studies are needed to broaden the utility in this scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 3","pages":"360-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9749095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10717267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When the night becomes a nightmare.","authors":"Flavio Eduardo Nacul, Andre Volschan","doi":"10.5935/0103-507X.20220017-pt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20220017-pt","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53519,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva","volume":"34 2","pages":"210-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9354112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40596724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}