{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of an Anti-Sialyl Lewis x Antibody in a Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury.","authors":"Wenxin Liu, Wei Xiong, Wei Liu, Zihong Wei, Hirohito Abo, Hiroto Kawashima","doi":"10.1089/mab.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening acute lung injury (ALI) characterized by the destruction of alveoli leading to pulmonary edema. The infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and production of inflammatory cytokines are both involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. Here, we show that the infiltration of neutrophils, major inflammatory cells causing ALI, into the lung is mediated by sialyl Lewis x (sLe<sup>x</sup>) glycans, which can be efficiently suppressed by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against these glycans. In fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII double-deficient mice lacking sLe<sup>x</sup> expression, neutrophil infiltration into the lung was significantly suppressed compared with that observed in wild-type mice in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model. Administration of a highly specific anti-sLe<sup>x</sup> mAb F2 3 hours after LPS administration significantly suppressed pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, accompanied by the reduced induction of inflammatory cytokines. It was consistently indicated from <i>ex vivo</i> cell rolling assay that mAb F2 blocked the rolling of mouse neutrophils on P-selectin-expressing cells. Overall, these results indicate that the sLe<sup>x</sup> glycan could serve as a therapeutic target against ALI, and also that mAb F2 would be useful for specific targeting of this glycan.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 3","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9666706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessia Marcellino, Silvia Bloise, Carmelo Pirone, Giulia Brandino, Pietro Gizzone, Roberta Fraternali, Anna Dilillo, Emanuela Del Giudice, Vanessa Martucci, Mariateresa Sanseviero, Leone Maria Rita, Flavia Ventriglia, Riccardo Lubrano
{"title":"Efficacy of Burosumab Every 2 Weeks in an Adult with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Should We Learn from Children?","authors":"Alessia Marcellino, Silvia Bloise, Carmelo Pirone, Giulia Brandino, Pietro Gizzone, Roberta Fraternali, Anna Dilillo, Emanuela Del Giudice, Vanessa Martucci, Mariateresa Sanseviero, Leone Maria Rita, Flavia Ventriglia, Riccardo Lubrano","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-linked hypophosphatemia is a genetic condition that leads to fibroblast-growth-factor 23 (FGF23) increase, causing phosphate renal wasting. Since 2018, burosumab, an anti-FGF23 antibody, has been used for this disease with different dosage in children and adults. We report the case of burosumab administration every 2 weeks, as usually done in children. We retrospectively evaluated parathormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphate, tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP), and 25OH vitamin D every 2 weeks in a 29-year-old man with nephrocalcinosis and tertiary hyperparathyroidism who did not respond to standard treatment with burosumab nor to maximum dosage and was treated with burosumab 90 mg every 2 weeks. His serum phosphate and TRP increased with this regimen compared with 4 weeks frequency (respectively 1.74 ± 0.26 mg/dL vs. 2.3 ± 0.19 mg/dL [<i>p</i> 0.0004] and 71.3% ± 4.8% vs. 83.9% ± 7.9% [<i>p</i> 0.01]) with decrease in PTH (183 ± 24.7 pg/mL vs. 109 ± 12.2 pg/mL [<i>p</i> 0.04]). Burosumab may be a good choice in adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia; new data are needed regarding the increase in dosage and/or frequency of administration as usually done in children, to achieve disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 3","pages":"104-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheena CarlLee, Alexandra Diaz-Cruz, Robert Brand, Sharon Reece, Samantha Robinson, Jack West, Ryan K Dare, Hanna Jensen
{"title":"COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Administration Linked to Drop in Blood Pressure: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Sheena CarlLee, Alexandra Diaz-Cruz, Robert Brand, Sharon Reece, Samantha Robinson, Jack West, Ryan K Dare, Hanna Jensen","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reports on hemodynamic changes observed during monoclonal antibody (mAb) administration for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-coronavirus-2. Findings from this study may have implications for patient safety. Hemodynamic data from 705 patients who received subcutaneous or intravenous mAb therapy during February 1, 2021-September 30, 2021 in clinics in Arkansas, USA were reviewed. Descriptive statistics and paired <i>t</i>-tests were used to assess blood pressure before and after treatment. Results showed 386 (54.7%) patients experienced a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >5 mmHg. The average drop in SBP was 9.2 mmHg for those patients. Two hundred and eighty-one (39.9%) patients experienced a drop in SBP of >10 mmHg with an average drop in SBP of 12.0 mmHg. The Emergency Use Authorization for mAb does not list hypotension as a contraindication for treatment. Our findings suggest mAb therapy should be administered in an environment where vitals are monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 2","pages":"65-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gandham Ravi, Madhavi Eerike, Venugopala Rao Konda, Debasis Bisoi, Gerard Marshall Raj, Rekha Priyadarshini, Kalpana Ramanna Mali, Leo Francis Chaliserry
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies: An Updated Review.","authors":"Gandham Ravi, Madhavi Eerike, Venugopala Rao Konda, Debasis Bisoi, Gerard Marshall Raj, Rekha Priyadarshini, Kalpana Ramanna Mali, Leo Francis Chaliserry","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) had received emergency use authorization for mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or for prophylaxis against COVID-19, including casirivimab plus imdevimab (C+I), bamlanivimab plus etesevimab (B+E), tixagevimab plus cilgavimab (T+CG), and sotrovimab (S) and bebtelovimab (BEB). This systematic review was done to assess the efficacy and safety of the same. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and FDA fact sheets were searched for the studies published between January 2021 and May 2022, and appropriate search terms related to the mentioned mAbs were used for data collection. Review included original research including randomized clinical trials and observational studies published or preprints. Studies included in the review had compared with placebo or standard of care or no treatment or mAbs with each other and also of various doses. Data extraction was done and reviewed the same for both efficacy and safety. Total of 20 studies were included in this review. The rate of hospitalization within 30 days showed ∼2% in comparison to ∼7% with placebo. Significant reduction in viral load was more observed with combination mAbs. Combination therapy showed faster virological cure against the Gamma variant. With C + I as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), 29.0% of asymptomatic participants developed symptomatic COVID-19. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with T+CG reduced the incidence of infection by 77%. Infusion-related reaction was the most common adverse event (AE). The neutralizing mAbs reduced hospitalization in mild-to-moderate patients with infusion-related reactions as common AE. The response was better in the seronegative patients. Most of these studies were conducted in unvaccinated individuals and against Alpha, Gamma, and Delta variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 2","pages":"77-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9405492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epitope Mapping of the Novel Anti-Human CCR9 Monoclonal Antibody (C<sub>9</sub>Mab-11) by 2 × Alanine Scanning.","authors":"Yu Isoda, Tomohiro Tanaka, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Teizo Asano, Kaishi Kitamura, Yuma Kudo, Ryo Ejima, Kazuki Ozawa, Takeo Yoshikawa, Mika K Kaneko, Yukinari Kato","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We recently developed a novel anti-human C-C chemokine receptor 9 (hCCR9) monoclonal antibody (mAb), C<sub>9</sub>Mab-11, which is applicable to flow cytometry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study aims to identify the binding epitope of C<sub>9</sub>Mab-11 by using 1 × and 2 × alanine (or glycine) substituted-hCCR9 peptides (1 × and 2 × Ala-scan) by ELISA. According to the 1 × Ala-scan analysis, the response of C<sub>9</sub>Mab-11 was diminished against M13A of the hCCR9 peptide, but was not eliminated. In the 2 × Ala-scan analysis, the reactions were abolished in the substitution of P11A-N12A, N12A-M13A, and M13A-A14G of hCCR9 N-terminal peptides. The results indicate that the binding epitope of C<sub>9</sub>Mab-11 includes Pro11, Asn12, Met13, and Ala14 of hCCR9, with the region around Met13 being particularly important. The successful identification of the C<sub>9</sub>Mab-11 epitope might be useful for the future pathophysiological analysis of hCCR9.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 2","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9415777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Structural Proteins of Hirame Novirhabdovirus.","authors":"Shyam Kokkattunivarthil Uthaman, Min-Seok Jang, Kyoung-Hui Kong, Myung-Joo Oh, Wi-Sik Kim","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2022.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) is a significant viral pathogen of Japanese flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>). In this study, seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HIRRV (isolate CA-9703) were produced and characterized. Three mAbs (1B3, 5G6, and 36D3) were able to recognize nucleoprotein (N) (42 kDa) and four mAbs (11-2D9, 15-1G9, 17F11, and 24-1C6) recognized matrix (M) protein (24 kDa) of HIRRV. Western blot, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) results indicated that the developed mAbs were specific to HIRRV without any cross-reactivity against other different fish viruses and epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. All the mAbs comprised IgG1 heavy chain and κ light chain except 5G6, which has a heavy chain of IgG2a class. These mAbs can be very useful in development of immunodiagnosis of HIRRV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 2","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9454725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2.","authors":"Honoka Yamamoto, Takeshi Nakanishi, Kan-Ichiro Ihara, Taro Tachibana, Chikako Yokoyama","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2022.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor without any known ligands and a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. It is a proto-oncogenic protein that, through signaling cascades, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in cancer cells through homo- and heterodimerization with other EGFR family receptors. Since several cancers, including breast cancer, overexpress HER2, it is a target of tumor therapy. Both trastuzumab and pertuzumab are recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in clinical trials that target the extracellular domain (ECD) of HER2. Therefore, it is important to generate antibodies against various ECDs of HER2. In this study, we describe rat mAbs, which were generated against the ECD of human HER2. The human breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3 was subjected to immunofluorescence staining as it expresses HER2, and mAbs can detect both intact and endogenous HER2 within the cell line.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 2","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9455248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monoclonal Antibody Casirivimab/Imdevimab.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/mab.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 2","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9409340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epitope Mapping of Anti-Mouse CCR3 Monoclonal Antibodies (C<sub>3</sub>Mab-6 and C<sub>3</sub>Mab-7).","authors":"Nami Tateyama, Teizo Asano, Tomohiro Tanaka, Yu Isoda, Yuki Okada, Hiyori Kobayashi, Guanjie Li, Ren Nanamiya, Takeo Yoshikawa, Mika K Kaneko, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yukinari Kato","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mab.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of G protein-coupled receptors, CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), is expressed in eosinophils, basophils, a subset of Th2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and airway epithelial cells. CCR3 levels in the serum of colorectal cancer patients are significantly higher than in control groups. Moreover, CCR3 is essential for recruiting eosinophils into the lung. Therefore, CCR3 is considered both a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer and allergic diseases. Previously, we established anti-mouse CCR3 (mCCR3) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), C<sub>3</sub>Mab-6 (rat IgG<sub>1</sub>, kappa) and C<sub>3</sub>Mab-7 (rat IgG<sub>1</sub>, kappa), by immunizing a rat with an N-terminal peptide of mCCR3. These mAbs can be used in flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In this study, we performed the epitope mapping of C<sub>3</sub>Mab-6 and C<sub>3</sub>Mab-7 using alanine scanning. The reactivity between these mAbs and point mutants of mCCR3 were analyzed using flow cytometry. The results indicated that Phe3, Asn4, Thr5, Asp6, Glu7, Lys9, Thr10, and Glu13 of mCCR3 are essential for C<sub>3</sub>Mab-6 binding, whereas Phe15 and Glu16 are essential for C<sub>3</sub>Mab-7 binding.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 2","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9751717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Monoclonal Antibody That Provides a Model for C3 Nephritic Factors.","authors":"Dennis E Hourcade, Lynne M Mitchell","doi":"10.1089/mab.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mab.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complement is a major innate defense system that protects the intravascular space from microbial invasion. Complement activation results in the assembly of C3 convertases, serine proteases that cleave complement protein C3, generating bioactive fragments C3a and C3b. The complement response is rapid and robust, largely due to a positive feedback regulatory loop mediated by alternative pathway (AP) C3 convertase. C3 nephritic factors (C3NEFs) are autoantibodies that stabilize AP convertase, resulting in uncontrolled C3 cleavage, which, in principle, can promote critical tissue injury similar to that seen in certain renal conditions. Investigations of C3NEFs are hampered by a challenging issue: each C3NEF is derived from a different donor source, and there is no method to compare one C3NEF to another. We have identified a widely available mouse anti-C3 mAb that, similar to many C3NEFs, can stabilize functional AP convertase in a form resistant to decay acceleration by multiple complement regulators. The antibody requires the presence of properdin to confer convertase stability, and hampers the activity of Salp20, a tic salivary protein that accelerates convertase dissociation by displacing properdin from the convertase complex. This mAb can serve as an urgently needed standard for the investigation of C3NEFs. This study also provides novel insights into the dynamics of AP convertase.</p>","PeriodicalId":53514,"journal":{"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9983123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10828213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}