International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of Spiritual Interventions in the Prevention and Management of Student Suicide","authors":"Mehrdad Kazemzadeh Atoofi, Fatemeh Rezaei Khodadadi, Shirin Djalalinia","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-143429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-143429","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is one of the most common high-risk behaviors in teenagers and young adults. In this regard, various solutions are implemented to prevent and treat this social concern. In the field of spiritual health and spiritual interventions in societies like Iran, which are generally mixed with religious values and beliefs, it is considered one of the most important priorities. Objectives: The main purpose of this study is an analysis of spiritual interventions in the prevention and management of student suicide and to propose practical national suggestions. Materials and Methods: Present investigation was conducted in three stages; through the first step, a systematic review of the texts was done. The second stage includes explaining the strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and suggestions for improving the interventions from the point of view of key informants and students. In the third stage, an expert panel was coordinated in order to consolidate the findings. Results: After checking the overlap and removing the duplicates, finally, thematic connection was made based on the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles and information was extracted from 15 papers. Generally, based on published documents, factors related to youth and adolescent suicide are classified into three categories: Demographic, environmental, and psychological factors. Studies have shown that people who have one or more risk factors are more likely to engage in suicidal behaviors. The categories related to causal conditions, background conditions, intervening factors, and common coping strategies were determined through content analysis. Following the panel of experts, the empowerment of at-risk groups and the provision of training needs assessment for the target groups was the most important priority. Conclusions: Vast advocacy, in youth and student groups, regarding the deep concepts of spiritual health plays an important role in the prevention of suicide. The main interventional priorities include: Emphasizing the role of spirituality in giving meaning to life, creating hope and motivation, and improving the individual in all aspects of health.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic-Seeking Behavior in Toothache","authors":"Narges Farhad-Mollashahi, Leila Farhad Mollashahi","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-146061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-146061","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p/>","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) on Emotion Regulation, Addiction Severity, and Craving in Methamphetamine Abusers","authors":"N. Ghanbari, Roghieh Nooripour, Shahriar Shahidi, Sarina Zahedi, Mahmood Heydari, Vahid Nejati","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-140136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-140136","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emotion dysregulation and cravings play a pivotal role in the relapse of individuals grappling with substance use disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) in ameliorating emotion regulation deficits and cravings among methamphetamine abusers in Tehran city. Methods: The study employed a semi-experimental design, featuring both a control group and intervention group. A sample was selected using convenience sampling, and 40 methamphetamine abusers in Tehran city were selected and randomly allocated into two groups: The intervention group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). The assessment tools employed included the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ), and the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS). Data analysis was conducted through mixed repeated ANOVA, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. Participants were evaluated at pre, post-intervention, and follow-up. Results: The results demonstrate that IPSRT significantly improves emotion regulation and substantially reduces cravings. This was conclusively indicated by the achievement of statistical significance (P < 0.05). The effects of IPSRT were not only immediate but also enduring, as evidenced by consistent positive outcomes observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions: This investigation demonstrated the significant advantages of IPSRT in enhancing emotion regulation, reducing the severity of drug dependence, and craving tendencies among methamphetamine abusers. The findings of this study offer promising implications for the treatment of substance use disorders, reinforcing the potential adoption of IPSRT as a fundamental therapeutic strategy.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion Evoking Game Design: Evaluating Induced Emotions Among Individuals with Healthy, Problematic, and Disordered Gaming","authors":"M. Hamzehzadeh, David Akbarzadeh, Ali Yousefi, Saeed-Reza kheradpisheh, Amir Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Mehdi Tehrani-Doost","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-141587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-141587","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Individuals diagnosed with gaming disorder (GD) often exhibit increased arousal during gameplay. Objectives: This study aims to compare arousal levels among individuals with GD, problematic gamers (PG), and those with healthy gaming habits (HG) using a 14-stage hyper-casual racing game. It further investigates how game difficulty affects emotional responses. Methods: We developed a detailed game and involved 146 participants to evaluate their feelings of dominance, arousal, and valence at each game stage, utilizing the Self-Assessment Manikin Test. Results: Problematic gamers and those with healthy gaming habits displayed similar emotional fluctuations throughout the game, whereas individuals with GD demonstrated a stable emotional pattern, regardless of game difficulty. An increase in game difficulty was associated with enhanced positive emotional experiences and a decrease in feelings of dominance. Stages 4, 12, and 13 of the game were identified as particularly emotionally engaging. Conclusions: Individuals with GD may possess a distinct emotional profile, providing valuable insights into the psychology of gaming and emotional well-being in today's digital era.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140214419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRNA Expression of Dopamine Receptors in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Social Networking Sites (SNS) Addicts: A Case-control Study","authors":"Mahin Eslami Shahrbabki, Zahra Ramazanian Bafghi, Seyed Mojtaba MirHosseini, Ehsan Mirkamandar, A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-135332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-135332","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing importance of and reliance on social networking sites (SNS) has led people to frequent usage and addiction. The dopaminergic system plays a crucial role in the addiction process. Additionally, research suggests that the level of expression of brain neurotransmitter receptors may be reflected in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) among SNS addicts and their relatives. Methods: The mRNA expression of dopamine D3, D4, and D5 receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed using real-time PCR in SNS addicts (n = 10) and their first-degree relatives (n = 10) compared with normal subjects (n = 10). Results: The findings revealed a significant decrease in D5 and D4 receptor mRNA expression in the PBL of SNS addicts compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, D3 receptor mRNA levels showed no significant change (P > 0.05). First-degree relatives of SNS addicts also exhibited a significant decrease in D5 receptor mRNA levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05), but unlike SNS addicts, D4 receptor levels did not show any significant decrease. D3 levels also remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, considering the genetic factors that strongly influence social network addiction, necessary measures should be implemented to prevent this type of addiction in families and institutions such as schools and universities.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Characteristics of Suicide And its Relationship with Family History of Suicide","authors":"Hamid Owliaey, Razie Salehabadi, Raheleh Kadivari, Reza Bidaki, Z. Salimi","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-143591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-143591","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several factors contribute to suicide attempts. To date, no research has been conducted in Iran to explore the impact of a family history of suicide on suicide attempts. Objectives: This study aims to examine the characteristics of suicide and its association with a family history of suicide. Methods: This historical cohort study was carried out on individuals admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Taft and Shah Wali Hospital in Yazd for suicide attempts between 2018 and 2019. The study examined 73 individuals with a family history of suicide and 332 without such a history. It recorded demographic details, methods of suicide attempts, and family histories concerning the patients' mothers, fathers, and siblings. Data were collected and subsequently analyzed using specialized software. Results: The average age of the subjects was 28.02 ± 10.8 years, with 295 (72.8%) of the participants being women. There were no significant differences in mean income (P = 0.99), marital status (P = 0.06), gender (P = 0.35), place of residence (P = 0.06), and education level (P = 0.37) between individuals with and without a family history of suicide. Furthermore, our results indicated that the prevalence of mental illness was significantly higher in individuals with a family history of suicide (P < 0.001). The average number of suicide attempts was 1.05 ± 1.90 for those with a family history and 1.21 ± 0.50 for those without, a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The timing, method, and reasons for suicide attempts were not associated with a family history of suicide. Conclusions: A family history of suicide was associated with an increased number of suicide attempts. There was no correlation between family history and gender, occupation, place of residence, number of children, timing of suicide, method of suicide, reason for suicide, and educational status of the patients. However, a significant relationship was found between a family history of suicide and a history of mental illness among the patients, indicating a higher prevalence of mental illness in the group with a family history compared to those without.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intravenous Vitamin C on Serum Level and Urinary Excretion of Methadone in Patients with Methadone Poisoning: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial","authors":"B. Ghiasi, Z. Khalighi, Maryam Sadat Hashemi, Amin Mirzaei, Naser Abbasi, Aliashraf Mozafari","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-140167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-140167","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methadone poisoning intentionally or accidentally leads to a high rate of treatment burden and cost and deaths. The evaluation of the factors affecting the severity of poisoning can reduce recovery time, costs, and potential risks. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous vitamin C (ascorbic acid) administration on serum level and urinary excretion of methadone. Methods: In this single-blind study, 54 patients who were diagnosed with methadone poisoning were divided into three groups. The two intervention groups received different doses of vitamin C, including 12 and 24 g, and the control group received normal saline. The serum methadone level and urine pH were measured at the time of arrival and 24 hours after admission. The data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) in STATA version 12. Results: In this study, 18 patients were placed in each group. The three groups were not significantly different in basic variables, such as age, gender, and methadone dosage. Between and within-group comparison showed a significant decrease in the serum methadone levels over time after adjusting age, gender and methadone dosage (P < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses revealed a significant difference in methadone reduction between 12 g of vitamin C and control groups (P = 0.04), and there was no significant difference between the control and 24 g of vitamin C groups (P > 0.05). However, between and within-group comparisons showed no significant difference between the three groups in terms of urine pH (P > 0.05). In addition, interaction was observed between intervention and time on serum methadone levels (P < 0.001) and urine pH (P = 0.04) variables. Conclusions: Consuming 12 g of vitamin C further reduced the serum methadone level in patients with methadone poisoning. There was no effect on methadone urinary excretion in patients.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Prevention of Substance Use Disorder Among Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Residents in Indonesia: A Pilot Study","authors":"Lius Hariman, Syafri Kamsul Arif, M. R. Ahmad, S. Gaus, Haizah Nurdin, Alamsyah Ambo Ala Husain","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-143304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-143304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) in the population of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine (ICM) residents have the potential to cause fatal occupational risks. Currently, there are no epidemiological reports regarding the prevalence of SUD among doctors in Indonesia and anaesthesiologists in particular. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia and to recognize the SUD prevention strategy implemented in each teaching hospital. Methods: This was a survey-based observational study using a three-part questionnaire consisting of 20 binary questions, which was pertained to the sociodemographic details, the occurrence and prevention of SUD. Participants were recruited from 16 residency programs with a total of 1 127 active residents registered at the Indonesian College of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. All returned surveys were reviewed and scored by hand. The data were compiled and analyzed with numbers and percentages. Results: Returned surveys from 353 residents yielded a 31.3% response rate. Residents from 13 out of 16 registered residency programs in Indonesia participated in this survey. The occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia was 0.5%. As much as 77.3% of respondents never had toxicological screening. Moreover, 18.2% of respondents were not aware of any routine toxicology screening in their program. Conclusions: The majority of anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia have risk factors for developing SUD. The need for policies, training, education, and SUD prevention strategies must be immediately addressed.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Truth or a Rumor: Effects of Addictive Substances ‎on Prevention of COVID-19; an Investigation of Homeless Drug Abusers in Southeastern Iran","authors":"Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Mahdi Mohammadi, Alireza Salimi Khorashad, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Mohsen Hossein Bor, J. Nejati","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-142986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-142986","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In a crisis, rumors often get started, and societies use them to cope with ambiguous situations. Southeastern Iran, with its high rate of homeless addicts per population, is a suitable area to examine the accuracy of the rumor about the positive effect of addictive substances on preventing COVID-19. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the abundance of COVID-19 infection among homeless drug abusers in this area. Methods: For each participant, the health experts completed a questionnaire form. For a definite diagnosis of COVID-19, a combined oropharyngeal/nasal sampling method was used in the laboratory under standard polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data was analyzed with SPSS v. 19. The chi-square test was used to compare COVID-19 cases across substance types, abuse methods, and consumption frequencies. Results: In total, 295 homeless drug abusers participated, and positive COVID-19 was recorded for 21(7.1%). Most participants were waste pickers (60.5%), and 3.9% had COVID-19. The statistical analysis ‎showed no significant difference in the number of positive COVID-19 cases between narcotics, stimulants, and both combinations. Our study also did not prove the positive effect of drug abuse methods and the frequency of daily drug abuse on the incidence of this disease. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, unreliable, incorrect, and incomplete information on its prevention spread in societies. It is recommended that health-related rumors be ‎investigated and officials publicly announce the results.‎","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Truth or a Rumor: Effects of Addictive Substances ‎on Prevention of COVID-19; an Investigation of Homeless Drug Abusers in Southeastern Iran","authors":"Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Mahdi Mohammadi, Alireza Salimi Khorashad, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Mohsen Hossein Bor, J. Nejati","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-142986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-142986","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In a crisis, rumors often get started, and societies use them to cope with ambiguous situations. Southeastern Iran, with its high rate of homeless addicts per population, is a suitable area to examine the accuracy of the rumor about the positive effect of addictive substances on preventing COVID-19. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the abundance of COVID-19 infection among homeless drug abusers in this area. Methods: For each participant, the health experts completed a questionnaire form. For a definite diagnosis of COVID-19, a combined oropharyngeal/nasal sampling method was used in the laboratory under standard polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data was analyzed with SPSS v. 19. The chi-square test was used to compare COVID-19 cases across substance types, abuse methods, and consumption frequencies. Results: In total, 295 homeless drug abusers participated, and positive COVID-19 was recorded for 21(7.1%). Most participants were waste pickers (60.5%), and 3.9% had COVID-19. The statistical analysis ‎showed no significant difference in the number of positive COVID-19 cases between narcotics, stimulants, and both combinations. Our study also did not prove the positive effect of drug abuse methods and the frequency of daily drug abuse on the incidence of this disease. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, unreliable, incorrect, and incomplete information on its prevention spread in societies. It is recommended that health-related rumors be ‎investigated and officials publicly announce the results.‎","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}