Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology最新文献

{"title":"Power Output Improvement of Solar Panel by Automatically Controlled Air Cooling System: An Experimental Study","authors":"S. Raja, M. Muhilan, B. Vigneshkumar","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.107097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.107097","url":null,"abstract":"Energy plays a prominent role in human society. As a result of technological and industrial development, the demand for energy is rapidly increasing. Existing power sources that are mainly fossil fuel based are leaving an unacceptable legacy of waste and pollution apart from diminishing stock of fuels. Hence, the focus is now shifted to large-scale propagation of renewable energy. Solar energy is becoming a fast-developing field. The utilization of solar energy can be done using either photovoltaic's (PV) or solar thermal methods. During the energy conversion in the solar panel, around 15% of energy is lost due to thermal effects. This creates a major thermal design challenge as every degree of temperature rise in the PV panels reduces the power produced by 0.5%. With the objective of reducing the power loss due to thermal effects, the design and development of closed-loop control system with air cooling arrangement have been made to avoid temperature rise, and the performance of solar panel has been evaluated for different intensities. It has been found that there is 5.38% increase in the output power.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87460675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure Mode Analysis of Mechanical Seals","authors":"Jasbir Singh, Surjit Angra, V. Mittal","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99302","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical seals are important to prevent leakage and entry of foreign particles into the system. Therefore, failure of mechanical seals can be hazardous to the system. Understanding the various failure modes or symptoms will facilitate improvement in design, operation, and reliability of the mechanical seals. Failure modes of mechanical seals are analyzed by using the 'Digraph Modeling and Matrix Approach'. Mechanical seal failure logic diagraph (MSFLD) is prepared for failure modes of mechanical seals and is described by contributing cause events (direct and indirect) and their inter-relations. The connection and reachability matrix is used to analyze the digraph model. The mechanical seal failure connection matrix (MSFCM) is obtained from the MSFLD, and the MSFRM is derived from it, which helps in identifying the stage relationship among various cause events and their importance. This helps in taking appropriate steps to minimize the failure and improve the reliability of the mechanical seals.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75100552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driver Training: An Effective Tool for Improving Road Safety in India","authors":"Neelima Chakrabarty, A. Shukla, H. Singh, Nancy Shokeen","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.93243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.93243","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing number of road accidents coupled with increasing vehicle population means an increase in the number of aggressive road users resulting in incidence of road rage. Inexperienced drivers often experience anxiety due to their underdeveloped and declining skills, which influence their behavior. Researches done by Lorenz, Schneider and Bukasa, and Siegrist and Roscova have categorized unwanted driving behavior into errors, mistakes, lapses and violations. To highlight the effectiveness of correct training on the drivers' performance, this research work was done in Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) Traffic Psychological Laboratory (the only laboratory of its kind in India). In this study, a purposive sample of two groups of drivers, i.e. highly skilled and trained group of drivers versus city bus drivers, was selected and they were administered the following psychomotor ability tests: i) decision and reaction capacity, ii) concentration capacity, iii) tolerance capacity under stress situation, and iv) special perceptual capacity (visual structuring ability). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of different test performances of the selected groups showed that specially trained group exhibited significantly superior performance in different tests as compared to the other group. Inappropriate driving behavior is considered one of the major causes of road accidents in India besides defective geometric design of pavement or mechanical defects in vehicles. Due to various unsafe practices among Indian drivers such as lack of lane discipline, disregard to traffic laws, frequent traffic violations, increase in crashes due to self-centered driving, etc. It also demotivates educated drivers from following good driving practices. Hence, improved driver behavior can be an effective countermeasure to reduce the vulnerability of road users and inhibit crash risks. This article highlights improved driver behavior through better driver education, driver training and licensing procedures along with good on-road enforcement (Ashish Verma et al. , 2011). On the basis of these findings, the present study was carried out to emphasize the urgent demand of an effective and uniform testing and training system in India.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88588493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Censoring and Quantization Scheme for Energy-Based Target Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Zhenxing Luo","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99291","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a censoring and quantization scheme for energy-based target localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This scheme can save energy and communication bandwidth. Moreover, a multi-objective optimization method is used to balance the energy consumption and target localization performance of the energy-based target localization method using this scheme. Results show that the root square mean (RMS) errors provided by the energy-based target localization method using this scheme were close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Moreover, the Pareto-fronts provided by the multi-objective optimization method can guide practical applications.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84926420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensification of the Subsisting Methodology to Enhance DFM without Discretization","authors":"R. Kumaravelan, P. Srinivasan, P. Tamilselvam, M. Madhan","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99295","url":null,"abstract":"In the design for manufacturing, mesh generation is a time-consuming and expensive process in the assembly and solution of the finite element equations. The conversion of solid models to finite element data is also time-consuming and often introduces numerous ambiguities. In this study, a new mesh-less method has been proposed for analyzing the plane stress problems. The Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximation has been used in generating the shape function. The results obtained by the proposed method have been compared with the analytical solution and finite element method (FEM) results. The proposed method gives more accurate results than the finite element approximation, with less computational effort.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74535632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Contact Parameters of A Structural Rigid Sphere and A Deformable Flat Contact Model by Considering the Strain Hardening Effect","authors":"V. C. S. Gandhi, S. Ramesh, R. Kumaravelan","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99296","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to get an elastic−plastic contact analysis of a rigid sphere with a deformable flat (RS-model), by considering the effect of a tangent modulus on the contact parameters of a non-adhesive frictionless elastic−plastic contact. The tangent modulus parameter has been considered for the different materials, and analysis is carried out through finite element contact analysis. A set of generalized equations are derived for evaluating the contact parameters, such as, area of contact between two consecutive steps, volume of the bulged material, and the angle at which the bulged material comes out from the flat. These contact parameters are evaluated with the effect of the tangent modulus. The result shows that for a maximum tangent modulus 0.5E of the material E/Y 1000, the elastic core is pushing up to the free surface in the flat, up to this maximum tangent modulus.The pedestal on this investigation the volume of material squeezed in the contact region is decreased as well as the angle at which the squeezed material runaway from the contact region is increased.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation into Dimensional Deviation Induced by Wire Electric Discharge Machining of High temperature Titanium alloy","authors":"M. Garg, Ajai Jain, G. Bhushan","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99298","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the Wire Electric Discharge Machining of Titanium alloy 6-2-4-2. Six process parameters namely pulse-on time, pulse-off time, peak current, spark gap set voltage, wire feed, and wire tension are taken into account, to study their effect on dimensional deviation. The experiments are conducted using Box-Behnken designs. Empirical relation is developed between the process parameters and dimensional deviation by using regression analysis. Analysis of Variance is carried out to identify the significant process parameters affecting the process. Consequently, the optimal sets of parameters yielding the minimum dimensional deviation are obtained using the desirability approach. The optimal parameter combinations have been verified by conducting confirmation experiments. Results of the confirmation tests show that the developed mathematical models are appropriate for effective machining of Titanium alloy using Wire Electric Discharge Machining.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85844208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelet Entropy Measure to Quantify Information Transmission in Human Cerebral Cortex","authors":"R. Narayanam, Y. Ono, H. Dajani","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99293","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical brain signal analysis is mostly qualitative, the development of new quantitative methods is crucial for restricting the subjectivity in the study of brain signals. These methods are particularly fruitful when they are strongly correlated with intuitive physical concepts that allow a better understanding of brain dynamics. These current waveforms were decomposed into different approximation and details using the wavelet analysis. The wavelet entropy of such decompositions is analyzed, reaching a successful methodology for information transmission. The suggested approach is tested using different event-related potential conditions, and different types of cognitive disorders have proven to be successful in the identification of the transmission of information.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87061570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Effective Thermal Conductivity of Two-Phase Materials by Considering the Knudsen Effect: An Analytical Approach","authors":"A. P. S. Kumar, P. Karthikeyan, P. Paramasivam, A. Kishan, Azhar Hasan","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99300","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the analytic model has been developed to estimate the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of two-phase materials based on the unit cell approach by considering the concentration, conductivity ratio, contact resistance, and Knudsen effect. The derivations of algebraic equations for standard geometry, such as hexagon and octagon cylinder models are developed based on parallel isotherm approach. The developed analytic model has been used to predict the thermal conductivity of various two-phase materials (conductivity ratio, α = 3.11-310.86 and concentration, ν = 0.05 and 0.74). The present models are validated using the standard models and compared with the experimental data. Further the comparison is made between the present models and existing models. The results are in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75504118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer Numerical Control Turning on AISI410 with Single and Nano Multilayered Coated Carbide Tools under Dry Conditions","authors":"K. Chandrasekaran, P. Marimuthu, K. Raja","doi":"10.4103/0976-8580.99292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-8580.99292","url":null,"abstract":"Martensitic stainless steels (AISI410) have excellent, such as, corrosion resistance, high strength, low thermal conductivity, and high ductility. On account of these properties, AISI410 is widely used in the manufacture of components in aerospace industries, turbine and compressor components, and nuclear applications. CNC turning of AISI410 is an important task in the manufacturing of components. Turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of the cut, and the cutting tool, play a major role in getting a good surface finish, while turning AISI410. In this article, carbide tools coated with multilayered TiCN+Al 2 O 3 , multilayered Ti (C, N, B), single layered (Ti, Al) N, and nano multilayered B-Tic are used for the turning study on AISI410, under dry conditions. Different cutting parameters, namely, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of the cut are used for the optimal setting of the parameters on turning AISI410. Experiments were carried out using the Taguchi's L 27 orthogonal array. The effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness (SR) was evaluated and optimal setting conditions were determined for minimization of SR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for identifying the significant parameters affecting the response.","PeriodicalId":53400,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88461995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}