Plant Varieties Studying and Protection最新文献

{"title":"Breeding value of non-shooting forms of winter garlic in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"V. Yatsenko","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.3.2022.268999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.3.2022.268999","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To investigate the degree of reduced scape of softneck collection specimens of winter garlic of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During 2020–2022, nine local and introduced varieties of winter garlic (Nos. 19, 27, 33, 43 and 44 from Cherkasy) were stu­died in field conditions (Uman, 48°46’N, 30°14’E) region, No. 14 from Ternopil region, No. 1 from Spain, No. 16 from France and No. 35 from Azerbaijan). Generally accepted methods of genetico-statistical analysis were used to evaluate the garlic collection. Results. The research revealed that the weight of the bulb decreased by 7.6–31.1%, depending on the sample, and the yield by 6.1–38.6% during the formation of a reduced scape. Among the collection samples, according to the “bulb weight” indicator, Nos. 16 and 44 stood out – 57.22 and 52.24 g, respectively, of the sample. Adap­table for this feature were samples Nos. 16, 19 and 44; intensive – Nos. 16, 27, 33 and 44, and stable samples were Nos. 14, 19, 35 and 43. A significant relationship between the coefficient of genetic and environmental variation (CVG/CVA) for the traits “bulb weight” and “yield” was revealed. However, CVG/CVA ratio ≥ 1 is required to obtain high performance. Samples were selected as the initial material for further breeding based on the “yield” feature: according to adaptability and ecological plasticity – Nos. 16 and 44; according to stability – Nos. 19, 35 and 43 and samples of the intensive type – 16, 27, 33 and 44, which will ensure high yields in optimal cultivation conditions. All studied samples that formed air bulbs were characterized by a very large 1000 bulb weight, on average 1156.76 g. The maximum of 1000 bulb weight was characteristic for samples No. 16 and 27 – 1225.73 and 1638.0 g, respectively. Conclusions. The data obtained in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine will be used to develop a breeding research scheme under the conditions of introduction. As a result of the research, a working collection of raw material was created for the breeding of garlic by the classical method – clonal breeding.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49356242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spicy plants in the landscape compositions of the Syrets Arboretum","authors":"S. Mykhailyk, S. Glukhova, O. Shynder","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.3.2022.268997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.3.2022.268997","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To analyze the taxonomic and varietal diversity of the collection of spicy plants of the Syrets Arboretum, evaluate their decorative qualities and determine the directions of use in landscape design. Methods. The subject of the study is spicy plants grown on the territory of the Syrets Arboretum, which are a part of the collection of open ground plants. The species and varieties of this group of plants were introduced in the arboretum from 1949 to 2021. In the process of research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization of information were used. Results. It has been established that the collection of spicy plants of the Syrets Arboretum includes 69 taxa belonging to 33 gene­ra, 12 families.  There are 52 species and 25 cultivars among them. The largest number of representatives are in the families Lamiaˆceae – 32 taxa, Amaryllidaceae – 11 taxa and Aste­raceae – 9 taxa. The life forms of spicy plants are represented by woody (19 taxa) and herbal plants (50 taxa, of which 10 annual, 2 biennial, and 38 perennial forms). The traditional fields of application of spicy plants are food, medicine (pharmacology) and perfumery. In addition, their decorative varieties and cultivars are used to create landscape compositions. In particular, on the territory of the Syrets Arboretum, spicy plants are the compositional basis of the thematic “garden of spicy aromatic plants”, they are used as elements of classic flower beds and summer compositions, thematic compositions (national and pharmacy gardens, vegetable flower beds), alpine slides and rocky gardens, etc. Conclusions. Many years of experience in landscape design and creation of floral arrangements in the Syrets Arboretum showes that spicy plants are an important element in all types of tested decorative compositions. It is revealed that out of 69 spicy plants that grow on collectible plantings of the Sirets Arboretum, 51 have decorative qualities and are used as decorative-floral and decorative-deciduous species. The taxonomic and varietal variety of spicy plants has considerable potential for breeding work and creation of highly decorative landscape compositions of various purposes. Due to the availability of different life forms and biomorphological features, it is advi­sable to use spicy plants in different types of plantations for decorative gardening and landscape design.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45404235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical aspects of the formation of national plant varietal resources in Ukraine","authors":"N. Leschuk, S. Melnyk, T. Marchenko, I. Kokhovska, V. Sytnyk","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.3.2022.269003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.3.2022.269003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. National varietal plant resources are of particular importance for the economic development of Ukraine, because they ensure the stability of the crop industry as a component of the country’s food security. The analysis of the historiography of the development of the state variety testing since 1923 showed the lack of a systematic study of the formation of the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine (hereinafter – the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine). Purpose. To reveal the historical stages of the formation of national plant varietal resources, and substantiate the concept of their development. Methods. A collection of commonly known plant varieties that are or were in commercial circulation. Research methods – general scientific: hypothesis, observation, analysis, synthesis method for drawing conclusions; source study database with elements of extrapolation, which is formed based on the results of field, laboratory and analytical research. Results. The study of the history of state variety testing regulation made it possible to find out that the variety testing netork in Ukraine was established in 1923. The refore, the formation of national varietal plant resources has its own almost a hundred-year history. At all historical stages of the formation of national varietal resources, a variety with a complex of its morphobiological and economically valuable characteristics remains the subject of the research. State registration of a variety or rights to it ensures the commercial circulation of the variety. Identification of plant varieties, as the basis for varietal certification, increases the turnover of varieties on the market, ensures the growth of production volumes and improves the quality of crop products. Plant varieties distributed on the territory of Ukraine correspond to the criteria of distinctness, uniformity and stability generally accepted in international practice; meet the needs of consumers in terms of economically valuable characteristics; do not threaten the environment and human health. The formation of national plant varietal resources takes place in stages with the tendency to increase the economically valuable criteria, which ensures the competitiveness of the modern market of varieties and seeds in accordance with international requirements. Conclusions. The formation of plant varietal resources to meet the needs of consumers and/or breeding practice in Ukraine took place due to rather long historical stages of development and introduction of plant diversity, forms, criteria and methodology of varietal testing in time and space. The substantiation of the historical aspects of the concept of the varietal resources formation will allow optimizing the structure of the variety testing network, organizational foundations of the state registration of varieties and the protection of breeder’s rights.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43109190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yielding capacity and flour-milling properties of spring bread wheat varieties depending on growing environmental conditions","authors":"N. Vasylenko, I. Pravdziva","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265180","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To determine the dependence of yield and flour-milling properties of new spring bread wheat varie­ties of Myronivka breeding on different growing season conditions. \u0000Methods. During 2017–2019, twelve spring bread wheat varieties were studied in the conditions of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS. Grain and flour qua­lity indicators were determined according to conventional methods. \u0000Results. It was found that weather conditions in 2019 were more favorable for realizing the yield potential of spring wheat varieties, but they had a nega­tive impact on quality indicators. By exceeding on 30–40% the standard ‘Elehiia myronivska’, the varieties – ‘Bozhena’ (4.23 t/ha), ‘Oksamyt myronivskyi’ (4.28 t/ha), ‘MIP Svitlana’ (4.31 t/ha), and ‘Dubravka’ (4.62 t/ha) were selected in terms of yield. The varieties ‘Simkoda myronivska’, ‘MIP Zlata’, ‘Bozhena’, ‘MIP Vizerunok’, and ‘MIP Oleksandra’ were singled out by the combination of high physical indicators of grain quality. The varieties ‘Simkoda myronivska’, ‘Oksamyt myronivskyi’, and ‘Panianka’ were distinguished by complex of the highest flour quality indicators. The varieties being the most stable in terms of individual characters were identified. These were ‘Simkoda myronivska’, ‘MIP Zlata’, ‘Bozhena’, ‘Oksamyt myronivskyi’, ‘MIP Svitlana’, and ‘MIP Oleksandra’ by yiel­ding capacity. According to quality indicators, in particular, by 1000 kernel weight, varieties ‘Simkoda myronivska’, ‘MIP Vizerunok’ were distinguished; high scores for grain vitreousness were in most varieties, except for ‘Elehiia myroniv­ska’, ‘Simkoda myronivska’, and ‘MIP Oleksandra’; according to test weight and flour yield, all varieties had high rates; according to the protein content, the variety ‘Oksamyt myronivskyi’ was distinguished; varieties ‘Dubravka’ and ‘MIP Oleksandra’ by wet gluten content. The ANOVA established that the most dependence on weather conditions was revealed for such parameters as 1000 kernel weight (part of influence 83.7%), protein content (76.7%), sedimentation value (66.7%), flour yield (52.6%), gluten deformation index (46.0%), and wet gluten content (42.6%); the most dependence on the interaction of factors year  variety was revealed for yielding capacity (52.3%), the grain vitreousness (50.5%), and the test weight (36.5%). A reliable effect of the factor variety on yield (34.9%) and all investigated quality indicators (5.1–35.1%) was revealed. \u0000Conclusions. It is expedient to use the varieties listed above as sources of certain traits for the creation of new high-yielding and high-quality varieties for different areas of use.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42167108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of using of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS in soft winter wheat breeding","authors":"M. Lytvynenko, E. Holub, T. Khomenko","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265177","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To determine the genetic effects of WRT 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS on the yield, plant productivity elements and quality indices of recombinant lines, to determine the effectiveness of using each of the WRT for creating more perfect varieties of soft winter wheat in these traits under soil-air drought in the steppe zone of Ukraine and development of breeding techniques to reduce the negative effects of translocation to produce genotypes with high quality indices of valuable and strong wheat grain. \u0000Methods. Field experiments, intraspecific hybridization, evaluation of breeding material in the field, methods of laboratory determination of baking quality indices of grain, electrophoresis of spare proteins, statistical. \u0000Results. Under arid conditions of the South of Ukraine on the large experimental material of breeding process, a positive effect of 1AL.1RS on the yield of recombinant lines and the main elements of plant productivity were determined, which was manifested against the background of simultaneous positive effect of this transposition on the drought and heat tolerance. The use of 1BL.1RS in wheat breeding in this region is less promising technique. It has been determined that introduction of 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS translocations into local gene pool of soft winter wheat by hybridization changes the grain quality indices. In particular, the protein content tends to increase more significantly under the influence of 1BL.1RS translocation. It has been shown that the frequency of obtaining recombinant lines which combine high yield and sufficient level of baking properties (not lower than valuable and strong wheat) is quite low (1,7–6,1%), but introgressive lines with 1AL.1RS have the advantages in this parameter. Using such genetic factors as hybridization combining WRT with alleles with high positive effect on baking properties, and also creating heterogeneity in the composition of genotypes with and without WRT, one can purposefully reduce the negative impact of WRT on the quality of soft winter wheat grain and create varieties with quality parameters of valuable and strong wheat. \u0000Conclusions. In general, the results achieved give reason to assert that the use of WRT 1AL.1RS is a promising direction for further breeding increase of genetic capacity of soft winter wheat varieties in the arid conditions of the South of Ukraine. As a result of full cycle of breeding process on the material with 1AL.1RS WRT a series of varieties of soft winter wheat ‘Zhytnytsia odeska’, ‘Oktava odeska’, ‘Liha odeska’, ‘Duma odeska’, ‘Versiia odeska’, providing 10 – 15% increase in yield to standards was created and included in the State Register of Ukraine and Moldova.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduced and registered switchgrass varieties (Panicum virgatum L.) as a source material for breeding for biomass productivity","authors":"M. Kulyk, I. Rozhko","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265181","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. On the basis of multi-year research on the complex of economically valuable characteristics, the best switchgrass varieties (Panicum virgatum L.) ‘Patfinder’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Blackwell’, ‘Morozko’, ‘Liadovske’ and ‘Zoriane’ were singled out as a source material for breeding for productivity. \u0000Methods. The research was conducted during 2017–2021 on the basis of the Poltava State Agrarian University. The soils of the experimental site of the “Energy Crops” collection are typical chernozems with a humus content of 3.4%. Plots were planted with randomized placement of options in four-fold repetition according to the methods of experimental work in agronomy. Also, approved scientific-practical and methodical recommendations for growing energy crops were applied. To confirm the significant difference between the studied varieties, dispersion analysis using Excel and Statistica programs was used. \u0000Results. Switchgrass varieties were grouped according to the duration of the growing season into: early- (up to 160 days), medium- (161–171 days) and late ripening (more than 170 days). The complex resistance of switchgrass varieties to drought, frost and plant lodging: ‘Cave-in-Rock’, ‘Zoriane’, ‘Morozko’ and ‘Liadovske’ was revealed. It was determined that economically valuable characteristics depend to a greater extent on varietal characteristics than on growing conditions. The yield of ground vegetative mass based on dry residue for the studied varie­ties varied from 12.1 to 15.6 t/ha. \u0000Сonclusions. The varieties ‘Cave-in-Rock’, ‘Zoriane’, ‘Morozko’, ‘Liadovske’ were the most adaptable to growing conditions. The switchgrass varieties ‘Kanlow’ and ‘Cave-in-rock’ provided the highest plant stand and switchgrass variety ‘Dacotah’ provided the lowest plant stand. Varieties ‘Pathfinder’, ‘Blackwell’, ‘Shelter’, ‘Carthage’ and ‘Zoriane’ were singled out according to the number of stems and productivity. The latter, together with the Ukrainian variety ‘Zoriane’, are recommended to be used as starting material for crop selection based on biomass productivity.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68743487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidizing and antioxidant processes in wheat plants infected by Septoria tritici Rob","authors":"O. Molodchenkova, M. Lytvynenko, L. Mishchenko, O. Ryshchakova, L. Bezkrovna, Yaroslav Fanin, P. S. Tikhonov","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265176","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Based on the study of oxidative and antioxidant processes in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) in the earing phase at the infection by Septoria tritici Rob., identify the varietal features of changes in the level of hydrogen peroxide, the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activi­ty of antioxidant enzymes for development of biochemical methods for selection of disease-resistant plants. \u0000Methods. Field, spectrophotometric methods of biochemical characteristic determination, comparison, generalization. Statistical analysis of research results was carried out using the program Libre Office Calc (GNU Lesser General Public Licensev3). \u0000Results. Changes in the content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase in wheat plants infected by S. tritici at the earing phase were determined. The presence of varietal features of changes in the oxidative and antioxidant processes of wheat plant cells upon S. tritici infection were detected. It was shown that plant response to S. tritici damage in more disease-resistant wheat varieties were characterized by increased or unchanged relative to the control the content of malondialdehyde and peroxidase activity. \u0000Conclusions. The obtained results will expand the knowledge about the mechanisms of maintaining ROS homeostasis in wheat plants infected by S. tritici and allow to identify biochemical reactions of wheat plants in response to infection, which can be used in the future for the development of biochemical methods for identification of disease-resistant varieties.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48061252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origin of Herbaceous hybrid Group peony cultivars of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine collection and the prospects for their use","authors":"V. Gorobets, T. Shcherbakova","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265175","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To analyze the origin of the Herbaceous Hybrid Group peony cultivar collection of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (NBG) National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS) and to determine the prospects for their use in breeeding work and decorative horticulture.\u0000Methods. The object of research was peonies of the Herbaceous Hybrid Gp of the NBG peony collection. The plants are grown on sunny open experimental and exposition plots of the NBG. Cultivars studies and phenological observations of plants were carried out during 2012–2022.\u0000Results. Varietal diversity of Herbaceous Hybrid Gp peonies of the NBG collection was analyzed by origin. The analysis showed that 122 varieties were created by US breeders, of which the Saunders breeding is represented by the largest number of varieties in the collection. 38 varieties are of Ukrainian breeding and created in the NBG. The analysis of hybrids obtained by distant crosses made it possible to identify combinations that give fertile offspring and to create promising double and triple hybrids. For decorative horticulture, 165 varieties of world and domestic breeding are recommended. They were grouped into four groups by flower color and two groups by the beginning of flowering. Plants of the early group start flowering before May 22 (± 4 days). The flowering of the late group of varieties occurs at the beginning of the flowering of the variety ‘Red Charm’ (May 22 ± 4 days) and later.\u0000Conclusions. For more than 50 years of introductory work with peony Herbaceous Hybrid Gp, 133 varieties of world breeding were tested at NBG. The main number of varieties was included in the collection in the first years of the 21st century. A comparative study of new varieties showed that most of them are sterile. Varieties ‘Dreamtime’, ‘Greenland’, ‘Quitzin’, ‘Lavender Whisper’, ‘Lemon Chiffon’, ‘Pastelegance’, ‘Pastelorama’, ‘Salmon Dream’, ‘Sunny Boy’, ‘Sunny Girl’, ‘Sunny Day’, ‘The Mackinac Grand’, ‘Vanilla Schnapps’, ‘Triphena Parkin’, ‘Pink Vanguard’, ‘Lavender Whisper’, were fertile and can be successfully used in the hybridization process. It was revealed that the source of early flowering of varieties created in the NBG was introduced wild species of herbaceous peonies: P. peregrina, P. wittmanniana, P. arietina. Peonies with double or semi-double flowers can be obtained by using P. officinalis ‘Rubra Plena’ with double flowers as a maternal component, and P. lactiflora varieties (‘President Taft’, ‘La Pionce’, ‘Lord Kitchener’, ‘Adolphe Roussean’, ‘M-lle Janne Riviere’) as paternal one also with terry flowers","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45852152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote spectral analysis of varieties and lines of winter wheat during the flowering period","authors":"R. Topko, H. Kovalyshyna","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265183","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Conduct a spectral assessment of winter wheat varieties (‘MIP Assol’, ‘Balada Myronivska’, ‘Hratsiia Myronivska’, ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘MIP Lada’, ‘MIP Dniprianka’, and standard ‘Podolianka’) and perspective breeding lines (‘Erythrospermum 55023’, ‘Lutescens 22198’, ‘Lutescens 37519’, ‘Lutescens 60049’, ‘Lutescens 60107’) of Myronivka Institute breeding during the flowering period and to evaluate the dependence of the obtained NDVI indicator on their productivity.\u0000Methods. The research was conducted during the 2018/19–2020/21 growing seasons in the breeding crop rotation of the winter wheat breeding laboratory of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Wheat Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The main method of research is field, supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations and observations. Obtaining values of vegetation indices of varieties and breeding lines of winter wheat was carried out using the Mavic zoom 2 UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) using the Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera. Pix4Dcapture and Pix4Dmapper programs were used to create an orthophoto map. Photographing was carried out with a multispectral camera at a height of 30 m above the level of the object under study in order to improve the quality of the orthophoto map with an overlap of 80% of the images and a time interval of 2 seconds. The NDVI index (normalized difference vegetation index) was calculated according to the appropriate formula.\u0000Results. According to the research results, regardless of the conditions of the year, in the first, optimal sowing period (25.09–05.10), the NDVI indicator in the flowering-ripening phase of wheat had higher values than in the second, late period (05–15.10) (average value over three years for the first semester was 0.69, the second – 0.62). In the course of the research, we established the dependence of the vegetation index NDVI on the level of productivity of wheat genotypes. The best varieties and promising lines among those studied were ‘MIP Lada’, ‘Lutescens 55198’ and ‘Lutescens 60049’, as well as ‘MIP Assol’ and ‘Hratsiia Myronivska’, which were less sensitive to sowing dates and had a higher index and control of yield indicators even with late sowing dates.\u0000Conclusions. Although existing today phenotyping methods need to be improved and localized, in the near future they will become an indispensable tool for the breeder, which will increase the volume of studied varieties and improve the quality of the results of morpho-biological analysis","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44064234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding of highly productive sugar beet hybrids with improved beet root shape","authors":"O. O. Parfeniuk, S. Trush","doi":"10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265179","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Isolation of donors of valuable breeding and genetic traits and the creation of a new source material for the selection of parental components of sugar beet hybrids according to the shape of the root. Evaluation of the productive potential of experimental sugar beet hybrids with improved root shape parameters.\u0000Methods. Field (experiments, phenological observations), laboratory (determination of sugar content), measuring and weighing (determination of crop structure), statistical (mathematical processing of research results).\u0000Results. The results of the evaluation of the basic productivity of parental components of different genetic structure and productivity of experimental sugar beet hybrids with improved root shape are presented. An increase in the yield of root crops, sugar yield and sugar output per unit area in sugar beet hybrids on a cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) basis, created using multigerm pollinators with an improved root crop shape (oval-conical), has been established.  Experimental hybrids formed on the basis of first generation of multigerm pollinators of backcross (BC1) prevailed the group standard in root crop yield by 15.2–22.8%, sugar yield and sugar output by 14.4–19.4% and 11.5–17.5%, respectively. The sugar content was below or at the level of the group standard. Similar indicators of hybrids formed on the basis of pollinators of the second generation of backcross (BC2) were 14.0–21.2%, 17.0–23.2% and 17.6–23.9%, respectively. The sugar content was at the level of the group standard. Root shape index indicators were 1.32 and 1.28, respectively. The hybrids formed using the initial multigerm pollinators were characterized by a conical root shape (shape index – 0.61). According to indicators of yield, sugar yield and sugar output per unit area, they were at the level of the group standard.\u0000Conclusions. It was established that the shape of the root crop is an important factor in improving the productive potential of sugar beets in selection for heterosis. The change in the shape of the root crop from conical to oval-conical leads to an increase in the productivity of multigerm pollinators of sugar beets by 8–19% and hybrids created with their participation by 17–23%.","PeriodicalId":53379,"journal":{"name":"Plant Varieties Studying and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46178148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}