Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)最新文献_第7页

"A Person is a Soul, a Body and a Narrator": the Narrative Strategy of Olga Tokarchuk “人是灵魂、身体和叙述者”:奥尔加·托卡丘克的叙事策略

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31168/0475-6.01

Irina E. Adelgeym

引用次数: 0

Travel Essays by E.i. Witte at the Beginning of the 20th Century as an Example of Documentary Fiction and an Example of a "Feminine" View of the "Slavic" Theme 作为纪实小说典范和“斯拉夫”主题的“女性”观典范的20世纪初埃·维特的《旅行随笔

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31168/0475-6.32

Tatyana Chepelevskaya

引用次数: 0

Healthy people and biochemical enhancement: A new paradigmatic approach to the enhancement of human beings? 健康人与生物化学增强:人类增强的新范式方法?

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0020

Z. Plašienková, Martin Farbák

引用次数: 1

Epistemic and ethical responsibility during the pandemic 大流行期间的认知和道德责任

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0017

A. Klimková

{"title":"Epistemic and ethical responsibility during the pandemic","authors":"A. Klimková","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intellectual (specialised) knowledge is omnipresent in human lives and decisions. We are constantly trying to make good and correct decisions. However, responsible decision-making is characterised by rather difficult epistemic conditions. It applies all the more during the pandemic when decisions require not only specialised knowledge in a number of disciplines, scientific consensus, and participants from different fields, but also responsibility and respect for moral principles in order to ensure that the human rights of all groups are observed. Pandemic measures are created by politicians, healthcare policy-makers, and epidemiologists. However, what is the role of ethics as a moral philosophy and experts in ethics? Experts in ethics and philosophy are carefully scrutinising political decisions. Levy and Savulescu (2020) have claimed that Ethicists and philosophers are not epistemically arrogant if they question policy responses. They played an important role in the creation of a reliable consensus. This study analyses epistemic and moral responsibility, their similarities, analogies, and differences. Are they interconnected? What is their relationship and how can they be filled with actual content during the pandemic?","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"79 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86199279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ethics of vaccination prioritization and compulsory vaccination: An integrative approach 疫苗接种优先顺序和强制接种的伦理:一种综合方法

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0012

Martin O’Malley, J. Zerth, N. Knoepffler

{"title":"Ethics of vaccination prioritization and compulsory vaccination: An integrative approach","authors":"Martin O’Malley, J. Zerth, N. Knoepffler","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vaccine scarcity and availability distinguish two central ethics questions raised by the Covid-19 pandemic. First, in situations of scarcity, which groups of persons should receive priority? Second, in situations where safe and effective vaccines are available, what circumstances and reasons can support mandatory vaccination? Regarding the first question, normative approaches converge in prioritizing most-vulnerable groups. Though there is room for prudential judgement regarding which groups are most vulnerable, the human dignity principle is most relevant for prioritization consideration of both medical and non-medical issues. The second question concerning mandates is distinct from considerations about persons’ individual moral duty to receive vaccines judged reasonably safe and critical for individual and public health. While there is consensus regarding the potential normative support for mandated vaccination, the paternalistic government intervention of vaccine mandates requires a high bar of demonstrated vaccine safety and public health risk. We discuss stronger and weaker forms of paternalism to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic from an “integrative” approach that integrates leading normative approaches. We argue against a population-wide compulsory vaccination and support prudential measures to 1) protect vulnerable groups; 2) focus upon incentivizing vaccine participation; 3) maintain maximum-possible individual freedoms, and 4) allow schools, organizations, and enterprises to implement vaccine requirements in local contexts.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"80 1","pages":"153 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89513383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Triage of the elderly in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis as a bioethical process COVID-19大流行危机时期的老年人分类是一个生物伦理过程

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0013

Rudolf Novotný, Zuzana Novotná, Štefánia Andraščíková, P. Firment

{"title":"Triage of the elderly in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis as a bioethical process","authors":"Rudolf Novotný, Zuzana Novotná, Štefánia Andraščíková, P. Firment","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses the problem of triaging the elderly in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis by analyzing the triage process, caused by lack of resources, in Germany, Holland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. We apply inductive, deductive, and normative bioethical methods, comment on various recommendations for the indication of intensive care during a crisis, and discuss the utilitarianism of benefit maximization. As it follows from the evaluation of the elderly by the frailty parameter, medically inappropriate treatment, as a result of limited resources, is characterized by clinical and bioethical uncertainty. If the main bioethical objective of general bioethics for the COVID-19 pandemic is, in the case of limited resources, based on the non-utilitarian consequentialism paradigm, from the perspective of medical ethics, we face a borderline situation closely related to the topic of dying and death. Such a situation requires social, ethical, and professional reflection. An algorithm for intensive care indication in the situation of crisis and limited resources in the period of the pandemic requires a definition of criteria that identify an acceptable reason for abandoning the treatment in the context of the autonomy of the elderly and by respecting their human dignity and humanity. A global objective of general bioethics in the situation of the pandemic crisis should be based on the paradigm of social justice.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"50 1","pages":"142 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77275197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

On the safety and danger of ‘viral’ information from the perspective of the epistemological subject 从认识论主体看“病毒”信息的安全性与危险性

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0019

P. Gurský

{"title":"On the safety and danger of ‘viral’ information from the perspective of the epistemological subject","authors":"P. Gurský","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present paper addresses the formal perspective of information with the focus on ‘untrue’ information presented as dangerous. Grounded in perspectivism, the epistemic subject is understood as decisive in informational transfer. In this context, ethics should focus on how the epistemic subject receives information. Regarding wide-spread information, the notions of danger and safety, the latter being a reaction to the former, essentially result from the fear mechanism of affective neural systems in higher mammals. The practice of attaining safety by eliminating danger is analyzed through the Nietzschean metaphor of the Apollonian and the Dionysian and the concept of ressentiment. Focusing on the individual, the paper presents a critique of systemized authoritative management of speech content, intensified by the emergence of social media. It is asserted that, by reacting to danger through the systematization of prevention and regulation of speech, it not only affirms fear but also decreases the faculties of an individual to deal with danger and fear itself. The paper argues that the only way to overcome danger and fear is through the individual’s exposure to it, which allows for the strengthening of one’s faculties, thus fulfilling one’s potential in freedom.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"300 1","pages":"126 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77771701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pandemic challenges and models of democracy 流行病的挑战和民主模式

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0014

Leszek Koczanowicz

引用次数: 0

Intercultural dialogues in times of global pandemics: The Confucian ethics of relations and social organization in Sinic societies 全球大流行时期的跨文化对话:中国社会中关系与社会组织的儒家伦理

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0011

Jana S. Rošker

{"title":"Intercultural dialogues in times of global pandemics: The Confucian ethics of relations and social organization in Sinic societies","authors":"Jana S. Rošker","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since COVID-19 is a global-scale pandemic, it can only be solved on the global level. In this context, intercultural dialogues are of utmost importance. Indeed, different models of traditional ethics might be of assistance in constructing a new, global ethics that could help us confront the present predicament and prepare for other possible global crises that might await us in the future. The explosive, pandemic spread of COVID-19 in 2020 clearly demonstrated that in general, one of the most effective tools for containment of the epidemics is precisely human and interpersonal solidarity, which must also be accompanied by a certain degree of autonomous self-discipline. The present paper follows the presumption that these types of personal and interpersonal attitudes are—inter alia— culturally conditioned and hence influenced by different traditional models of social ethics. In light of the fact that East-Asian or Sinic societies were more successful and effective in the process of containing and eliminating the virus compared to the strategies of the Euro-American regions, I will first question the widespread assumption that this effectiveness is linked to the authoritarian political traditions of the Sinic East and Southeast Asian areas. Then, I will critically introduce the Confucian ethics of relations, which in various ways has influenced the social structures of these regions, and clarify the question of whether and in which way the relics of this ethics had an actual effect on the crisis resolution measurements. The crucial aim of this paper is to contribute to the construction of theoretical groundworks for a new, transculturally grounded global ethics, which is more needed today than ever before.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"187 1","pages":"206 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76932146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equitable global COVID-19 vaccine allocation and distribution: Obstacles, contrasting moral perspectives, ethical framework and current standpoints 公平的全球COVID-19疫苗分配和分配:障碍、对比的道德观点、伦理框架和当前立场

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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2021-0015

Georgios Kalaitzidis

{"title":"Equitable global COVID-19 vaccine allocation and distribution: Obstacles, contrasting moral perspectives, ethical framework and current standpoints","authors":"Georgios Kalaitzidis","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development represents an important accomplishment and a milestone in the history of vaccine evolution. However, the vaccine’s scarcity made its equitable global allocation and distribution ambiguous. Despite the initial pledges from wealthy countries for fairness and inclusivity towards the poorer ones, the policies followed diverged significantly. Wealthy countries have vastly superior access to vaccines in a reality likened to an ethical disaster. This paper calls for the need for fair global vaccine allocation and distribution and examines the barriers that were met along the way, originating from different points, such as the nationalistic approach on the matter that most wealthy countries have adopted or the inability of poor countries to purchase or manufacture vaccines. Further, a suggestion regarding the ethical principles and values that ought to guide global vaccine allocation and distribution is provided with a higher priority given to helping the worst-off, saving the most lives, protecting people in high risk, such as frontline healthcare professionals, and minimising social gaps, along with an ethical theoretical background for each prioritisation. It is not too late for wealthy countries to realise that vaccine inequity prolongs pandemics, so that they change their policies in favour of the global common good that will not only provide immediate universal benefits but will also serve as a guide for future pandemic crises.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"265 1","pages":"163 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77955245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1