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Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)最新文献

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Freedom in the Society of Control: Ethical challenges 控制社会中的自由:伦理挑战
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0019
Yevhen Laniuk
{"title":"Freedom in the Society of Control: Ethical challenges","authors":"Yevhen Laniuk","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Society of Control is a philosophical concept developed by Gilles Deleuze in the early 1990s to highlight the transition from Michel Foucault’s Disciplinary Society to a new social constitution of power assisted by digital technologies. The Society of Control is organized around switches, which convert data, and, in this way, exercise power. These switches take data inputs (digitized information about individuals) and transform them into outputs (decisions) based on their pre-programmed instructions. I call these switches “automated decision-making algorithms” (ADMAs) and look at ethical issues that arise from their impact on human freedom. I distinguish between negative and positive aspects of freedom and examine the impact of the ADMAs on both. My main argument is that freedom becomes endangered in this new ecosystem of computerized control, which makes individuals powerless in new and unprecedented ways. Finally, I suggest a few ways to recover freedom, while preserving the economic benefits of the ADMAs.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"1036 1","pages":"203 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77218529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The moral power of the word: Ethical literature in Antiquity 世界的道德力量:古代的伦理文学
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0012
P. Pączkowski
{"title":"The moral power of the word: Ethical literature in Antiquity","authors":"P. Pączkowski","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to an old legend, during the Messenian Wars in Laconia in the 8th and 7th centuries BC, the Athenians sent the poet Tyrtaeus to the Spartans who were close to being defeated; he aroused in them the fighting spirit and renewed Spartan virtues. Philosophers in antiquity believed in the psychagogical power of the word, and this belief provided the foundation for ancient ethical literature, whose main purpose was to call for a spiritual transformation and to convert to philosophy. In this paper, I would like to demonstrate what tradition philosophy referred to in these efforts; what concept of man supported that belief; finally, what literary genres were used by ancient philosophers in ethics.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"42 1","pages":"107 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89162044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prolonged life and good death in Antiquity 古代的长寿和善终
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0009
S. Martynova, D. Bugaev
{"title":"Prolonged life and good death in Antiquity","authors":"S. Martynova, D. Bugaev","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper studies the connections between the notions of prolonging life and a good death in Antiquity. It is demonstrated that while prolonged life generally meant forestalling the human constitution’s death, ancient philosophers also pointed to the limitations of prolongation. The paper shows how philosophers welcomed prolonged life when it was shown to foster movement toward the good, such as self-realization and social usefulness. Yet, they rejected prolongation when it led to the perpetuation of evil, such as social uselessness and suffering. We ask whether a contemporary good death is a mercy killing or an improvement of prolonged life, as the ultimate end of “goods practicable for man”.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82838176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ethical dimension of erotic self-education and development ethics 情爱自我教育的伦理维度与发展伦理
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0001
G. Grzybek, L. Morska
{"title":"The ethical dimension of erotic self-education and development ethics","authors":"G. Grzybek, L. Morska","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ethical dimension of sexual education can referred to morality, religion and the ethos of life. Morality and religion exert pressure on certain behavior patterns. “Ethical eroticism” in relation to the theory of Development ethics implies a positive integration of sexuality with the ethos of life. “Ethical eroticism” in this area is not identical to sexual morality. Sexual morality is an external element as comprehended by a person, while “ethical eroticism” based on the ethos of life expresses a person’s moral subjectivity. In the principles of development ethics, the emphasis is shifted to individual development, which is the reason for propounding the postulate of erotic self-education.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"304 1","pages":"69 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79800155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To live is to die: A virtue account of arguments for the right to die 生即是死:关于死亡权利的美德论述
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0007
Franlu Vulliermet
{"title":"To live is to die: A virtue account of arguments for the right to die","authors":"Franlu Vulliermet","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, debates about euthanasia and assisted suicide have increased to the point that now, many people defend the recognition of the right to die, the right for people to decide upon the end of their life. Consistently, advocates fight to legalise practices such as euthanasia to guarantee patients’ possibility to die when they request it. In this paper, I review two of the strongest arguments invoked by proponents of physician-assisted suicide: the argument for compassion and the argument for dignity. The focus of this paper is to propose a review of these arguments through the lens of virtue ethics to inform the debate on physician-assisted suicide and question the relevance of such arguments for the legalisation of that right that would greatly ease the possibilities to end the life of a patient asking for it.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"11 1","pages":"20 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72795374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dying in dignity 尊严地死去
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0003
M. Knaup
{"title":"Dying in dignity","authors":"M. Knaup","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The question of what might constitute “good dying” is a sensitive subject that is being discussed and is socially and politically controversial. My contribution discusses whether a reference to concepts such as autonomy and dignity in the debate over suicide and euthanasia is in fact convincing. Important impulses for the train of thought stem from Kantian philosophy. I will argue that suicide, as presented by Kant, is not an expression of autonomy, but exactly the opposite: an expression of heteronomy.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"9 1","pages":"10 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81795043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying patient: Euthanasia through the back door, or the sign of poor death education? 利物浦临终病人护理之路:走后门的安乐死，还是贫乏死亡教育的标志?
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0006
A. R. Jones
{"title":"The Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying patient: Euthanasia through the back door, or the sign of poor death education?","authors":"A. R. Jones","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (LCP) was an integrated care pathway for patients in the final days or hours of life, developed at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital in conjunction with the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, Liverpool. The LCP became increasingly the normative style of care for patients in the terminal stage across NHS England from the 1990s onwards. Following significant questions raised in Parliament, by the media and other stakeholders, an independent review panel was established under Baroness Neuberger in 2013 to investigate the LCP. The findings of the panel were published as More Care Less Pathway: a Review of the Liverpool Care Pathway identifying significant failings in the delivery of the LCP thus leading to it being phased out some six months later. Rather than being euthanasia through the backdoor, many of the criticisms of the LCP and its poor implementation are indicative of poor communication, limited knowledge of the dying process and a paucity of death education.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"13 1","pages":"40 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74748049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Inappropriate hemodialysis treatment and palliative care 不适当的血液透析治疗和姑息治疗
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0008
R. Novotny, Z. Novotná, Štefánia Andraščíková
{"title":"Inappropriate hemodialysis treatment and palliative care","authors":"R. Novotny, Z. Novotná, Štefánia Andraščíková","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses inappropriate (futile) treatment by analyzing the casuistics of palliative patients in the terminal stage of illness who are hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics of the Faculty hospital with policlinic (FNsP). Our research applies the principles of palliative care in the context of bioethics. The existing clinical conditions of healthcare in Slovakia are characteristic of making a taboo of the issues of inappropriate treatment of palliative patients. Inductive-deductive and normative clinical bioethics methods of palliative care and ethical strategy are applied for defining issues found in inappropriate hemodialysis treatment. An algorithm of hemodialysis treatment requires the definition of those lege artis criteria which, in the context of a patient’s autonomy and his/her decision, precondition the avoidance of the situation in which hemodialysis treatment is inappropriate (futile). Futile treatment in a terminal condition is ethically inappropriate medical treatment that extends the suffering of patients and their relatives. Its definition is determined by the relevant legislation and the methods of bioethics. An active palliative strategy is aimed at managing the process of incurable diseases in the patient’s bio-psycho-socio-spiritual continuity in the process of special bioethics. The global bioethical objective of general bioethics for palliative care is based on the paradigm of social harmony and solidarity in the context of an authentic modus of the patient’s existence as a constitutive principle for the phenomenon of the patient’s being to finite being (death).","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"35 16","pages":"48 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72575925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Unethical practices in the Slovak business environment: Entrepreneurs vs. the State? 斯洛伐克商业环境中的不道德行为:企业家vs.国家?
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0002
A. Remišová, Anna Lašáková
{"title":"Unethical practices in the Slovak business environment: Entrepreneurs vs. the State?","authors":"A. Remišová, Anna Lašáková","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper critically analyses one of the unexpected results of qualitative research aimed at detecting the presence of unethical business practices in Slovakia. The authors seek to find out why entrepreneurs participating in this research do not take responsibility for the development of business ethics and why, in their primary reflections on unethical practices in the Slovak business environment, have they shifted it almost completely to the State level (1), and whether their attitude is morally justified (2). The main theoretical foundation in the following analysis is the theory of development of business ethics on three levels (micro, mezzo and macro), also known as the “subject-matter of business ethics” approach. The paper discusses attitudes of the research sample, including Slovak entrepreneurs and company representatives, towards the State, and the consecutive critical reflection of their opinions shows that businesspersons tend to give up on their own proactive approach to the development of business ethics and position themselves in the role of an “expectant” instead of a “creator” of ethical standards in society. Furthermore, the paper points out that businesses lack ethical self-reflection in relation to corruption, more precisely, they lack reflection of their place in the corrupt relationship with the State. Given these findings, the paper concludes that an essential basis for the long-term development of business ethics in our country is the establishment of partnerships between the State and business entities, while recognizing the place of nongovernmental democratic institutions.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"17 1","pages":"78 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77725396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Current issues in aesthetics and beyond: Revisiting lookism 美学及其他领域的当前问题:重新审视外貌主义
IF 0.7
Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ebce-2020-0005
P. Takáč
{"title":"Current issues in aesthetics and beyond: Revisiting lookism","authors":"P. Takáč","doi":"10.2478/ebce-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lookism is a term used to describe discrimination based on the physical appearance of a person. We suppose that the social impact of lookism is a philosophical issue, because, from this perspective, attractive people have an advantage over others. The first line of our argumentation involves the issue of lookism as a global ethical and aesthetical phenomenon. A person’s attractiveness has a significant impact on the social and public status of this individual. The common view in society is that it is good to be more attractive and healthier. This concept generates several ethical questions about human aesthetical identity, health, authenticity, and integrity in society. It seems that this unequal treatment causes discrimination, diminishes self-confidence, and lowers the chance of a job or social enforcement for many human beings. Currently, aesthetic improvements are being made through plastic surgery. There is no place on the human body that we cannot improve with plastic surgery or aesthetic medicine. We should not forget that it may result in the problem of elitism, in dividing people into primary and secondary categories. The second line of our argumentation involves a particular case of lookism: Melanie Gaydos. A woman that is considered to be a model with a unique look.","PeriodicalId":53173,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe)","volume":"87 1","pages":"59 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78708405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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