Blockchain-Research and Applications最新文献_第3页

Expedition to the blockchain application potential for higher education institutions 探索高等教育机构的区块链应用潜力

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100203

Matthias Gottlieb , Christina Deutsch , Felix Hoops , Hans Pongratz , Helmut Krcmar

{"title":"Expedition to the blockchain application potential for higher education institutions","authors":"Matthias Gottlieb , Christina Deutsch , Felix Hoops , Hans Pongratz , Helmut Krcmar","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the education sector, blockchain is currently at the end of the peak of inflated expectations in Gartner’s Hype Cycle. Thus, it is crucial to understand whether this technology meets the expectations of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). We go on an expedition to identify blockchain application scenarios and its potential for HEI administration—the universities are digitalized to just 23.3%.</div><div>Current information systems research addresses classifications of blockchain-based projects (application level) rather than their technical realization (protocol level). Thus, when evaluating blockchain application scenarios in HEI administration, we intensively consider the technical side of blockchain-based projects. We perform a three-step approach: (1) systematic literature review, (2) qualitative exploratory semi-structured interviews to supplement information on market-ready solutions, and (3) an evaluation of the potential of the blockchain-based projects identified, based on HEI administration requirements.</div><div>We find that the leading blockchain application scenarios are credential verification and record-sharing. At the protocol level, we obtain equivocal results regarding the technical realization of projects, e.g., their underlying blockchain types and storage models. At the application level, when discussing the potential of different projects, we find that most of them address adaptability, complexity decomposition, and cost reduction requirements between HEIs; interest diversity and stakeholder collaboration between HEIs and business actors; privacy and trust between HEIs and students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096720924000162/pdfft?md5=8e0b84cecf19054cf2bb2d432145337e&pid=1-s2.0-S2096720924000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Partial pre-image attack on Proof-of-Work based blockchains 对基于工作证明的区块链的部分预映像攻击

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100194

{"title":"Partial pre-image attack on Proof-of-Work based blockchains","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blockchain is a type of distributed ledger technology that consists of a growing list of records, called blocks, that are securely linked together using cryptography. Each blockchain-based solution deploys a specific consensus algorithm that guarantees the consistency of the ledger over time. The most famous, and yet claimed to be the most secure, is the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithm. In this paper, we revisit the fundamental calculations and assumptions of this algorithm, originally presented in the Bitcoin white paper. We break down its claimed calculations in order to better understand the underlying assumptions of the proposal. We also propose a novel formalization model of the PoW mining problem using the Birthday paradox. We utilize this model to formalize and analyze partial pre-image attacks on PoW-based blockchains, with formal analysis that confirms the experimental results and the previously proposed implications. We build on those analyses and propose new concepts for benchmarking the security of PoW-based systems, including Critical Difficulty and Critical Difficulty per given portion. Our calculations result in several important findings, including the profitability of launching partial pre-image attacks on PoW-based blockchains, once the mining puzzle difficulty reaches a given threshold. Specifically, for any compromised portion of the network (<span><math><mi>q</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.5</mn></math></span>; honest majority assumption still holds), the attack is formally proven profitable once the PoW mining puzzle difficulty reaches 56 leading zeros.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096720924000071/pdfft?md5=f39562da38a21729770c2b928c68923e&pid=1-s2.0-S2096720924000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing voting power in decentralized governance: Who controls DAOs? 分析去中心化治理中的投票权：谁控制着 DAO？

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100208

Robin Fritsch, Marino Müller, Roger Wattenhofer

引用次数: 0

Prism blockchain enabled Internet of Things with deep reinforcement learning 利用深度强化学习支持物联网的 Prism 区块链

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100205

{"title":"Prism blockchain enabled Internet of Things with deep reinforcement learning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled Prism blockchain. The recent advancements in the field of IoT motivate the development of a secure infrastructure for storing and sharing vast amounts of data. Blockchain, a distributed and immutable ledger, is best known as a potential solution to data security and privacy for the IoT. The scalability of blockchain, which should optimize the throughput and handle the dynamics of the IoT environment, becomes a challenge due to the enormous amount of IoT data. The critical challenge in scaling blockchain is to guarantee decentralization, latency, and security of the system while optimizing the transaction throughput. This paper presents a DRL-based performance optimization for blockchain-enabled IoT. We consider one of the recent promising blockchains, Prism, as the underlying blockchain system because of its good performance guarantees. We integrate the IoT data into Prism blockchain and optimize the performance of the system by leveraging the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) method. The DRL method helps to optimize the blockchain parameters like mining rate and mined blocks to adapt to the environment dynamics of the IoT system. Our results show that the proposed method can improve the throughput of Prism blockchain-based IoT systems while preserving Prism performance guarantees. Our scheme can achieve 1.5 times more system rewards than IoT-integrated Prism. In our experimental setup, the proposed scheme could improve the average throughput of the system by about 6,000 transactions per second compared to Prism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096720924000186/pdfft?md5=9d5944398ef57f0ec758734d7337bddd&pid=1-s2.0-S2096720924000186-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Privacy-preserving pathological data sharing among multiple remote parties 在多个远程方之间共享病理数据时保护隐私

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100204

引用次数: 0

Toward scalable docker-based emulations of blockchain networks for research and development 基于 docker 的可扩展区块链网络仿真，促进研究与开发

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100212

Diego Pennino , Maurizio Pizzonia

{"title":"Toward scalable docker-based emulations of blockchain networks for research and development","authors":"Diego Pennino , Maurizio Pizzonia","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blockchain, like any other complex technology, needs a strong testing methodology to support its evolution in both research and development contexts. Setting up meaningful tests for permissionless blockchain technology is a notoriously complex task for several reasons: software is complex, a large number of nodes are involved, the network is non-ideal, etc. Developers usually adopt small virtual laboratories or costly real devnets based on real software. Researchers usually prefer simulations of a large number of nodes based on simplified models.</div><div>In this paper, we aim to obtain the advantages of both approaches, i.e., performing large, realistic, inexpensive, and flexible experiments, using real blockchain software within a virtual environment. To do that, we address the challenge of running large blockchain networks in a single physical machine, leveraging Linux and Docker. We analyze a number of problems that arise when large blockchain networks are emulated, and we provide technical solutions for all of them. Finally, we describe two experiences of emulating fairly large blockchain networks on a single machine: adopting both research-oriented and production-oriented software and involving more than 3000 containers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-task learning for PBFT optimisation in permissioned blockchains 允许区块链中 PBFT 优化的多任务学习

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100206

{"title":"Multi-task learning for PBFT optimisation in permissioned blockchains","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finance, supply chains, healthcare, and energy have an increasing demand for secure transactions and data exchange. Permissioned blockchains fulfilled this need thanks to the consensus protocol that ensures that participants agree on a common value. One of the most widely used protocols in private blockchains is the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), which tolerates up to one-third of Byzantine nodes, performs within partially synchronous systems, and has superior throughput compared to other protocols. It has, however, an important bandwidth consumption: <span><math><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span> messages are exchanged in a system composed of <em>N</em> nodes to validate only one block.</div><div>It is possible to reduce the number of consensus participants by restricting the validation process to nodes that have demonstrated high levels of security, rapidity, and availability. In this paper, we propose the first database that traces the behavior of nodes within a system that performs PBFT consensus. It reflects their level of security, rapidity, and availability throughout the consensus. We first investigate different Single-Task Learning (STL) techniques to classify the nodes within our dataset. Then, using Multi-Task Learning (MTL) techniques, the results are much more interesting, with classification accuracies over 98%. Integrating node classification as a preliminary step to the PBFT protocol optimizes the consensus. In the best cases, it is able to reduce the latency by up to 94% and the communication traffic by up to 99%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096720924000198/pdfft?md5=e11c2d536c1985f173948098606e4b4b&pid=1-s2.0-S2096720924000198-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A privacy-preserving data aggregation system based on blockchain in VANET 基于区块链的 VANET 隐私保护数据聚合系统

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100210

Ruicheng Yang , Guofang Dong , Zhengnan Xu , Juangui Ning , Jianming Du

{"title":"A privacy-preserving data aggregation system based on blockchain in VANET","authors":"Ruicheng Yang , Guofang Dong , Zhengnan Xu , Juangui Ning , Jianming Du","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), data aggregation plays a pivotal role in bringing together data from multiple vehicles for further processing and sharing. Erroneous data feedback can significantly impact vehicle operations, control, and overall safety, necessitating the assurance of security in vehicular data aggregation. Addressing the security risks and challenges inherent in data aggregation within VANETs, this paper introduces a blockchain-based scheme for secure and anonymous data aggregation. The proposed scheme integrates cloud computing with blockchain technology, presenting a novel blockchain-based data aggregation system that robustly supports efficient and secure data collection in VANETs. Leveraging key escrow resilience mechanisms, the solution ensures the security of system keys, preventing the security problems caused by keys generated by third parties alone in the past. Furthermore, through secondary data aggregation, fine-grained data aggregation is achieved, providing effective support for cloud services in VANETs. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is confirmed through security analysis and performance evaluations, demonstrating superior computational and communication efficiency compared existing alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

nPPoS: Non-interactive practical proof-of-storage for blockchain nPPoS：区块链非交互式实用存储证明

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100221

Jun Wook Heo, Gowri Ramachandran, Raja Jurdak

{"title":"nPPoS: Non-interactive practical proof-of-storage for blockchain","authors":"Jun Wook Heo, Gowri Ramachandran, Raja Jurdak","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blockchain full nodes are pivotal for transaction availability, as they store the entire ledger, but verifying their storage integrity faces challenges from malicious remote storage attacks such as Sybil, outsourcing, and generation attacks. However, there is no suitable proof-of-storage solution for blockchain full nodes to ensure a healthy number of replicas of the ledger. Existing proof-of-storage solutions are designed for general-purpose settings where a data owner uses secret information to verify storage, rendering them unsuitable for blockchain where proof-of-storage must be fast, publicly verifiable, and data owner-agnostic. This paper introduces a decentralised and quantum-resistant solution named <em>Non-interactive Practical Proof of Storage (nPPoS) with an asymmetric encoding and decoding scheme for fast and secure PoStorage and Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Arguments of Knowledge (zk-STARKs)</em> for public variability in blockchain full nodes. The algorithm with asymmetric times for encoding and decoding creates unique block replicas and corresponding proofs for each storage node to mitigate malicious remote attacks and minimise performance degradation. The intentional resource-intensive encoding deters attacks, while faster decoding minimises performance overhead. Through zk-STARKs, nPPoS achieves public verifiability, enabling one-to-many verification for scalability, quantum resistance and decentralisation. It also introduces a two-phase randomisation technique and a time-weighted trustworthiness measurement for scalability and adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PrivySeC: A secure and privacy-compliant distributed framework for personal data sharing in IoT ecosystems PrivySeC：物联网生态系统中个人数据共享的安全且符合隐私标准的分布式框架

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100220

Imran Makhdoom, Mehran Abolhasan, Justin Lipman, Massimo Piccardi, Daniel Franklin

{"title":"PrivySeC: A secure and privacy-compliant distributed framework for personal data sharing in IoT ecosystems","authors":"Imran Makhdoom, Mehran Abolhasan, Justin Lipman, Massimo Piccardi, Daniel Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contemporary era is experiencing an unprecedented dependence on data generated by individuals via an array of interconnected devices constituting the Internet of Things (IoT). The information amassed through IoT devices serves many objectives, including prescriptive analytics and predictive maintenance, preemptive healthcare measures, disaster mitigation, operational efficiency, and increased yield. In contrast, most applications or systems that rely on user-generated data to fulfill their business objectives face challenges in adhering to privacy protocols. Consequently, users are exposed to many privacy risks. Such infringements upon privacy provisions give rise to apprehensions regarding the authenticity of the processed data. Hence, this paper presents the weaknesses and challenges in current practices and proposes “PrivySeC”, a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)-based framework for privacy preserving and secure sharing of personally and non-personally identifiable information. The security analysis indicates that the proposed solution ensures data privacy by design and complies with most of the requirements mandated by various privacy regulations. Similarly, PrivySeC promises low transaction latency and provides high throughput. Although we have created a privacy-preserving solution for sharing smart farm data, it can be customized to meet the specific privacy requirements of individual applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0