Blockchain-Research and Applications最新文献_第3页

An integrated blockchain, building information modelling and life cycle assessment framework for carbon footprint tracking and low-carbon building design 集成区块链，建筑信息建模和生命周期评估框架，用于碳足迹跟踪和低碳建筑设计

IF 6.5 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100382

Xiaojun Luo

{"title":"An integrated blockchain, building information modelling and life cycle assessment framework for carbon footprint tracking and low-carbon building design","authors":"Xiaojun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A lack of data security and interoperability is a significant challenge in low-carbon building design due to the involvement of numerous architects, engineers, and carbon auditors. This study proposes a novel framework that integrates blockchain, building information modelling (BIM), and life cycle assessment (LCA) to enhance data management and decision-making for low-carbon building design. Blockchain, as a distributed ledger, ensures data security by maintaining an immutable record of architectural design changes, energy system configurations, and carbon footprints. BIM visualises all the design information in a three-dimensional model to ensure real-time updates of energy and carbon performance. LCA assesses the trade-off between embodied carbon and operating carbon emissions across a building’s life span, optimising architectural and energy system design decisions. The proposed framework establishes a secure and transparent workflow by integrating blockchain, BIM, and LCA into an iterative design process. Smart contracts facilitate the automatic verification of design parameters, enabling architects and engineers to adjust their designs when carbon footprint targets and energy-saving requirements are unmet. Additionally, the framework incorporates a database of future weather profiles, material properties, and inventory information to support accurate and informed decision-making. This study enhances data security, improves interoperability, and supports the iterative refinement of low-carbon building designs. The framework was validated on an industrial building project, demonstrating its effectiveness in designing low-carbon buildings and its potential to contribute to global net-zero ambitions. By offering a structured approach to integrating blockchain, BIM, and LCA, this study offers valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148540053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A distributed, scalable cross-chain state channel scheme based on recursive state synchronization 一种基于递归状态同步的分布式、可扩展跨链状态通道方案

IF 6.5 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100351

Xinyu Liang, Ruiying Du, Jing Chen, Yu Zhang, Meng Jia, Shuangxi Cao, Yufeng Wei, Shixiong Yao

{"title":"A distributed, scalable cross-chain state channel scheme based on recursive state synchronization","authors":"Xinyu Liang, Ruiying Du, Jing Chen, Yu Zhang, Meng Jia, Shuangxi Cao, Yufeng Wei, Shixiong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cross-chain technology continues to advance, the scale of cross-chain transactions is experiencing significant expansion. To improve scalability, researchers have turned to the study of cross-chain state channels. However, most of the existing schemes rely on trusted parties to support channel operations. To address this issue, we present Interpipe: a distributed cross-chain state channel scheme. Specifically, we propose a real-time cross-chain synchronization scheme to ensure consistent operations between two blockchains through a cross-chain state channel. Moreover, we propose a batch transaction proof scheme based on recursive SNARK to meet the cross-chain verification needs of large-scale users. Based on the above designs, Interpipe offers protocols for opening, updating, closing, and disputing operations to cross-chain state channels. Security analysis shows that Interpipe has consistency and resistance, and experimental results demonstrate that a cross-chain state channel can be nearly as efficient as an existing intra-chain state channel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148540052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MrC: A medical-record chain system based on blockchain MrC：基于区块链的医疗记录链系统

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100344

Kiril Danilchenko , Shimon Shai Idan , Harel Jerbi , Hadassa Daltrophe

{"title":"MrC: A medical-record chain system based on blockchain","authors":"Kiril Danilchenko , Shimon Shai Idan , Harel Jerbi , Hadassa Daltrophe","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Who is the owner of your health documents? Although the answer to this question may seem straightforward and intuitive, today we are far from the situation in which <em>you</em> are the one who has the key to this critical information. Hospitals, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), private doctors, and different medical institutions produce large quantities of medical information about each of us, and there is a need to maintain this information <em>privately</em>, <em>synchronously</em>, and <em>accessible</em> to each one of us. In this paper, we propose the <em>medical record chain</em> (<span>MrC</span> ) system, with its blockchain architecture, as a tool to achieve this goal. The <span>MrC</span> system would be accessible to the patients, so their medical data would be organized and available for viewing, regardless of where the information was produced. Furthermore, each patient can give a recognized medical service provider temporary permission to view and update his medical records. The architectural design of the <span>MrC</span> system ensures that no centralized authority controls the medical records. To enable the system's assimilation across different institutions, a bridge to the system with a convenient and simple interface is proposed, so that no changes are required in the existing information systems of the medical body. Moreover, medical institutions would be incentivized to employ the system by allowing access to extensive medical datasets that have undergone de-identification. Implementing the <span>MrC</span> system would return the ownership of the data to where it belongs—the patient. It would improve patients' health by allowing multiple medical institutions to access accurate information quickly. Finally, a by-product of the <span>MrC</span> system is the improvement of public health by making comprehensive de-identified datasets available for medical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148181062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Welcome back: A systematic literature review of smart contract reentrancy and countermeasures 欢迎回来：智能合约重入的系统文献综述及对策

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100347

Fatemeh Ghiyami Pour , Gabriele Costa , Letterio Galletta

{"title":"Welcome back: A systematic literature review of smart contract reentrancy and countermeasures","authors":"Fatemeh Ghiyami Pour , Gabriele Costa , Letterio Galletta","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Smart contracts are revolutionizing the way two or more parties subscribe to and apply an agreement. The main reason is that they promise to increase efficiency, transparency, and security. However, their inherent vulnerabilities can lead to automated exploits, resulting in significant resource losses. Among these, <em>reentrancy</em> is one of the most impactful security flaws. Over the past few years, reentrancy vulnerabilities have caused substantial financial damage and threatened the viability of entire blockchain ecosystems. Therefore, investigating whether reentrancy can be effectively mitigated and exploring the methodologies designed to address it is crucial.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of reentrancy vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts and to assess the theoretical and practical approaches proposed to counter them. By following the PRISMA framework, we conduct a literature review of academic publications to identify, screen, and analyze relevant studies on detection and mitigation techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate that the estimated financial loss due to reentrancy attacks amounted to around 350 million USD by 2023, with increasing frequency and profitability of incidents. Despite advancements in mitigation tools, particularly machine learning, they only partially address vulnerabilities and remain ineffective against zero-day attacks.</div></div><div><h3>Contribution</h3><div>This paper identifies critical challenges in reentrancy detection, including the lack of standardized benchmarks and data on zero-day vulnerabilities. It emphasizes the need for unified datasets and evaluation frameworks to facilitate fair comparisons, improving detection effectiveness. Additionally, it highlights the need for tools addressing all four reentrancy vulnerability types and reporting performance results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148243084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cox: a reliable runtime switching protocol for BFT consensus algorithms Cox: BFT一致性算法的可靠运行时切换协议

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100345

Zhaoshuo Li , Liang Cai , Weiwei Qiu , Fanglei Huang , Hao Duan , Chao Yuan

引用次数: 0

Characterizing NFT markets through a multilayer network approach 通过多层网络方法表征NFT市场

IF 6.5 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100356

Alessia Galdeman, Lucio La Cava, Matteo Zignani, Andrea Tagarelli, Sabrina Gaito

{"title":"Characterizing NFT markets through a multilayer network approach","authors":"Alessia Galdeman, Lucio La Cava, Matteo Zignani, Andrea Tagarelli, Sabrina Gaito","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and the extensive trading activities associated with such an intriguing domain led to the emergence of large-scale and interconnected transaction networks involving the most prominent NFT markets. Despite such interdependencies representing an inestimable source of information for the proper understanding of the NFT landscape, previous studies treated each market separately, overlooking relevant phenomena.</div><div>In this study, we explore a multilayer network modeling approach to analyze transactions in multiple NFT markets. We reveal previously unnoticed macroscopic and mesoscopic traits by investigating indicators that discern whether markets are independent or linked: users trading NFTs are organized in cross-market communities where multi-market users act as bridges across marketplaces, adapting to the diverse nature of the markets they operate in. We also conduct an in-depth examination of such multi-market users, studying their specific activity patterns that leave a distinctive mark on the system: the majority of multi-market users will differentiate their earnings and expenses among the markets, while a fraction of them is directed toward a more polarized money allocation based on the typology of the markets.</div><div>By offering a fresh perspective on this intricate financial system and emphasizing the importance of perceiving the NFT markets as a unique and interconnected world, our study paves the way for further contributions aimed at unraveling the complexity of cryptosystems and understanding the latent phenomena across NFT markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148540054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Developing blockchain-based transparent e-commerce solutions for Danish SMEs to promote sustainable design products” [Blockchain: Research and Applications, Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2026, 100330] “为丹麦中小企业开发基于区块链的透明电子商务解决方案以促进可持续设计产品”的勘误表[b区块链：Research and Applications， Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2026, 100330]

IF 6.5 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2026.100498

Somnath Mazumdar, Robert J. Kauffman, Thomas Jensen, Raghava Rao Mukkamala, Jan Damsgaard

引用次数: 0

PSVDF: A data protection framework for vehicle digital forensics utilizing blockchain view and cross-platform secure space PSVDF：利用区块链视图和跨平台安全空间的车辆数字取证数据保护框架

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100393

Mingxuan Li , Wenqing Liu , Qing Xia , Yucheng Li , Zhen Xu

{"title":"PSVDF: A data protection framework for vehicle digital forensics utilizing blockchain view and cross-platform secure space","authors":"Mingxuan Li , Wenqing Liu , Qing Xia , Yucheng Li , Zhen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle digital forensics (VDF) has attracted considerable attention within the Internet of Vehicles amidst the rising incidence of traffic accidents. Ensuring the authenticity and integrity of evidence is crucial for vehicular investigations. However, attackers may tamper with vehicle data, undermining the credibility of digital forensics. To mitigate this issue, existing work has explored blockchain and encryption technologies to protect forensic information. However, two significant challenges remain. On the one hand, due to the lightweight nature of blockchain, storing all data entirely on the blockchain can lead to data loss. On the other hand, multi-party blockchain forensic systems may be vulnerable to attacks on their system kernels, which could result in the leakage or tampering of sensitive data. In this paper, we propose PSVDF, a comprehensive framework for protecting and securing VDF. This framework effectively prevents data tampering by attackers and protects the privacy of individuals involved in accidents. We initially developed a cross-platform secure space with same-layer address space isolation to protect container memory data from tampering by an untrusted host operating system that may store forensic information. Subsequently, we adopted an access control strategy based on view encryption to achieve collaborative storage between on-chain and off-chain systems. This not only reduces the load pressure on the blockchain system but also prevents privacy breaches caused by unauthorized access. Finally, we adopted the blockchain system as the foundational architecture to support our proposed framework. Both security analysis and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of our solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148243083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SmartBLock: a smart lock protocol over the Bitcoin blockchain SmartBLock：基于比特币区块链的智能锁协议

IF 6.5 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100350

Mohsen Rahmanikivi, Cristina Pérez-Solà, Víctor Garcia-Font

引用次数: 0

Linking MEV attacks to further maximise attackers' gains: evidence from the Ethereum blockchain 链接MEV攻击以进一步最大化攻击者的收益：来自以太坊区块链的证据

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100340

Barbara Guidi, Andrea Michienzi

{"title":"Linking MEV attacks to further maximise attackers' gains: evidence from the Ethereum blockchain","authors":"Barbara Guidi, Andrea Michienzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advent of blockchain, decentralised finance (DeFi) has become an accessible and decentralised way to create financial services. Under the umbrella of DeFi services, we find decentralised exchanges (DEXs), i.e., smart contracts that allow one to exchange tokens. Over time, new malicious activities have begun to spread, particularly those related to DEXs. Maximal extractable value (MEV), a practice in which block creators can add, remove, or change the order of transactions to increase their gains at the expense of other users, is becoming pervasive. In this study, we collected a 2-year dataset and analysed the MEV activity on the Ethereum blockchain. With our analyses, we show that despite the countermeasures, the problem is still relevant and that the value extracted could hinder the adoption of Ethereum in future projects. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of DEX platforms and tokens that are more susceptible to MEV attacks, showing that major markets are still far from solving the problem. Finally, we show that MEV attackers are becoming more sophisticated as they tend to chain different types of attacks (i.e., sandwich and arbitrage). Linked attacks are more profitable, as attackers extract more than 5 billion USD, while traditional attacks net 382 million USD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148181063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0