Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional最新文献

{"title":"Hydrosolidarity di Sungai Nil: Peran Nile Basin Initiative dalam Manajemen Sungai Lintas Batas","authors":"Muhammad Aditya Purnomo","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v18i1.4362.55-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v18i1.4362.55-73","url":null,"abstract":"Daerah aliran sungai lintas batas merupakan sumber air yang penting bagi kehidupan sebanyak 2 milliar jiwa di seluruh dunia. Aliran air tersebut memenuhi kebutuhan air domestik, air minum, irigasi, agrikultur, industri, serta pembangkit listrik. Di wilayah timur-laut Afrika, sungai Nil memegang peran penting tersebut bagi sebanyak sebelas negara di wilayah alirannya. Selain sebagai sungai terpanjang di dunia, sungai Nil mendukung kehidupan sebanyak lebih dari 300 juta penduduk, dimana jumlah tersebut diestimasikan mengalami peningkatan pesat pada tiga hingga empat dekade mendatang. Meningkatnya populasi akan berpengaruh pada ketersediaan air dikarenakan meningkatnya permintaan di sektor agrikultur, domestik, serta industri. Negara-negara wilayah sungai Nil menyadari bahwa langkah terbaik dalam penggunaan, perlindungan, serta manajemen sungai tersebut secara berkelanjutan dan terintegrasi adalah melalui kerjasama internasional bersama. Pada tahun 1999 terbentuk Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) yang beranggotakan negara-negara wilayah sungai Nil yang bertujuan memfasilitasi diskusi kerjasama terkait manajemen sungai tersebut. Tulisan ini bertujuan menunjukkan pentingnya peran NBI dalam manajemen sungai lintas batas. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan hydrosolidarity. Hasil pembahasan mendukung argumen penulis bahwa NBI berperan penting dalam manajemen sungai Nil, yakni sebagai sebuah struktur institusi yang mendukung kerjasama, sebagai pendukung partisipasi pemangku kepentingan, mendukung penyebaran data dan pengetahuan antar negara anggota, serta mendukung adanya integrasi dan perhubungan. Kata kunci: Hydrosolidarity; Nile Basin Initiative; Sungai Nil; Sungai Lintas BatasTransboundary basins are important water resources for 2 billion lives across the world. Those basins fulfil domestic water, drinking water, agriculture, industry, and electric generator needs. In north-east of Africa, Nile river plays the important role for its eleven riparian states. Nile river, being the longest river in the world, supports the lives of more than 300 million people, and the number is estimated to rise greatly in three to four decades in the future. The increase of population will affect the availability of water as the demands of agriculture, domestic, and industry grow. Nile riparian states realized that the best option in using, protecting, and managing the river in a sustainable and integrated manner is through international cooperation. In 1999, Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) was established with Nile riparian states as its member, with the purpose of facilitating discussions of cooperation regarding the management of the river. The purpose of this paper is to show the important roles of NBI in transboundary river management. This paper uses hydrosolidarity approach. The discussion supports the writer’s argument that NBI has important roles in Nile river management, namely in the creation of a cooperative institutional structure, supporting stakeholder participatio","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79358804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of New Southern Policy Narratives within ROK’s Digital Diplomacy toward ASEAN","authors":"Ratih Indraswari, E. Joo","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v18i1.5672.74-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v18i1.5672.74-87","url":null,"abstract":"Republic of Korea (ROK) shifted its policy focus toward ASEAN through the New Southern Policy (NSP). As the core foreign policy to its southern neighbors, the NSP is envisioned to ‘elevate’ ASEAN status. The partnership has been backed by institutional and bureaucratic transformation to sustain the policy. Accordingly, ROK tapped on its digital resources to support this diplomatic engagement. Digital diplomacy, therefore, is an important strategy to engage the ASEAN public. However, does ROK's digital primacy is translated well to support NSP's digital diplomacy? This paper utilizes empirical explorative qualitative primary data collection of ROK's government tweets on two levels of analysis; towards domestic and foreign audiences. The finding confirms that domestic engagement is better. However, further scrutiny shows that within domestic narratives NSP is mainly used as a political tool. Meanwhile, on external engagement, this paper argues for ROK’s digital diplomacy deficit toward ASEAN. Not only does ROK's digital diplomacy strategy lack uniformity, but it also fails to create conversation about NSP. \u0000Keywords : ASEAN, Republic of Korea, New Southern Policy, Digital Diplomacy, Twitter \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quadruple Helix Collaboration in Efforts to Fulfill Human Security in Kemijen Village, Semarang City","authors":"Satwika Paramasatya, Yemima Galih Pradipta, Kevin Rendra Pratama, Desy Ramadhani","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4699.219-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4699.219-238","url":null,"abstract":"Human security is very vital for humans. Initially, security was defined as freedom from war. However, over time it began to shift into a broad and collective concept of security. The United Nations established three important pillars of Human Security, namely: freedom from want, freedom from fear, and freedom to live in dignity. The implementation of compliance with Human Security is complex and not simple. This paper argues that the Triple Helix model, the position of society is neglected because they are only positioned as an object where they should also be the one who play an active role as actors. Therefore, a new breakthrough is needed in the effort to fulfill Human Security in Kemijen Village, Semarang City through the Quadruple Helix concept that involves government, business, academics and the community. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach by combining literature studies and interviews. The Quadruple Helix is basically a collaboration between top-down and bottom-up approaches, and this study proves that the Quadruple Helix model is utmost important, because the solutions are more  well-targeted and meet the needs of the community. The Quadruple Helix model also allowed the people of Kemijen Village to be involved to become subjects through Focus Group Discussion.","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83268204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jaringan Advokasi Transnasional: Strategi Greenpeace dalam Menolak Rencana Pengeboran Shell di Kutub Utara","authors":"Yanuar Albertus","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4063.239-260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4063.239-260","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana Greenpeace, sebagai organisasi non-pemerintah, memengaruhi rencana pengeboran lepas pantai Shell di wilayah Kutub Utara. Greenpeace adalah salah satu aktor utama yang menentang rencana Shell untuk memulai pengeboran di laut Arktik. Proyek ini muncul seiring dengan adanya penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa Kutub Utara mempunyai porsi yang signifikan dari keseluruhan cadangan minyak dan gas alam dunia. Rencana pengeboran tersebut memicu penolakan karena meningkatnya kekhawatiran tentang risiko kegiatan pengeboran lepas pantai di Arktik. Setelah sekitar tiga tahun advokasi, Greenpeace berhasil memaksa Shell menghentikan rencana pengeborannya. Analisis penulis kemudian mencoba menganalisis bagaimana Greenpeace mencapai tujuan advokasinya dalam menghentikan rencana pengeboran Shell. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penulis menggunakan jaringan advokasi transnasional (TAN) sebagai kerangka pemikiran penulis dalam menganalisis bagaimana Greenpeace memanfaatkan jaringannya untuk melakukan advokasi internasional. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari sumber primer dan sekunder, serta dianalisis dengan cara kualitatif. Temuan penulis kemudian menunjukkan bahwa Greenpeace telah menggunakan setiap taktik dalam strategi TAN untuk mempengaruhi kebijakan Shell, yang mencakup politik informasi, politik simbolik, leverage politics, dan juga politik akuntabilitas. Penulis kemudian menyimpulkan bahwa keempat taktik inilah yang kemudian berhasil mendorong Shell untuk menghentikan rencana pengeboran lepas pantai di kawasan Kutub Utara.","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"7-8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82717231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementasi Gender Mainstraiming dalam Konteks Pembangunan: Studi Kasus Keberhasilan Kesetaraan Gender di Filipina tahun 2018","authors":"Oktami Dewi","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4111.200-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4111.200-218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK  Filipina yang dikenal sebagai negara patriarki diera kolonialisme kini menjadi satu-satunya negara yang yang memiliki tingkat kesetaraan gender tertinggi di Asia. Pengembangan kebijakan pemerintah yang berfokus pada peningkatan kesetaraan gender, menjadikan laki-laki dan perempuan  memiliki akses yang sama terhadap semua sumber daya. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang implementasi gender mainstraiming yang dilihat dari konteks pembangunan di Filipina dalam menegakkan kebijakan kesetaraan gender. Tulisan ini mengelaborasikan bahwa implementasi konsep gender mainstraiming yang mengintegrasikan perspektif gender ke dalam persiapan, perancangan, penerapan, monitoring dan evaluasi kebijakan, peraturan pelaksanaan dan program pembiayaan, sebagai salah satu kunci keberasilan kesetaraan gender di Filipina. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menjabarkan tiga argumen utama keberhasilan kesetaraan gender di Filipina pada tulisan ini: pertama,  diaodpsinya terminologi gender mainstraiming. Kedua, penerapan gender mainstraiming yang dibuktikan dengan dibentuknya beberapa undang-undang peraturan serta program terkait penerapan kesetaraan gender yaitu The Magna Carta of Women (MCW), The Philippine Development Plan for Women (PDPW) 1989-1992, dan The Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development (PPGD) 1995−2025. Ketiga, implementasi gender mainstraiming dibeberapa sektor diantaranya partisipasi ekonomi dan peluang, pencapaian pendidikan, kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup, dan pemberdayaan politik. Keseiusan dan kesadaran tinggi pemerintah mengenai pentingya kesetaraan gender konteks pembangunan dituangkan dalam perturan serta undang-undang sebagai kunci yang kemudian diimplementasikan disegala kebijakan. Dalam penjabarannya, penulisan ini akan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan bersumber pada data sekunder. Kata Kunci: Kesetaraan gender, perempuan & pembangunan, gender mainstraiming, Filipina ABSTRACT The Philippines, which is known as a patriarchal country in the era of colonialism, is now the only country that has the highest level of gender equality in Asia. Development of government policies that focus on improving gender equality, giving men and women equal access to all resources. This raises questions about the implementation of gender mainstreaming seen from the context of development in the Philippines in enforcing gender equality policies. This paper elaborates that the implementation of the concept of gender mainstreaming which integrates a gender perspective into the preparation, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies, implementing regulations and financing programs, is one of the keys to the success of gender equality in the Philippines. In this article, the author outlines three main arguments for the success of gender equality in the Philippines in this paper: first, the diodection of the terminology of gender mainstreaming. Second, the implementation of gender mainstaking as evidenced by the formation ","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78188991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEOLIBERASLIME VERSUS KEBIJAKAN SELEKTIF KEIMIGRASIAN: KORELASI KOMPONEN “INTERNATIONAL OPENNESS” DENGAN REZIM BEBAS VISA DI INDONESIA","authors":"Andry Indrady","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v17i2.3609.153-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v17i2.3609.153-171","url":null,"abstract":"Sejak penerapan kebijakan bebas visa wisata di Indonesia pada tahun 1983 sampai dengan tahun 2017 terlihat dominasi sektor kepariwisataan (tourism) di dalam proses pengambilan keputusan kebijakan bebas visa. Rasional utama desakan adanya kebijakan ini belakangan terlihat adanya unsur pengaruh the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index (TTCI) yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga dunia the World Economic Forum (WEF) dan the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) untuk mendongkrak rangking Indonesia di mata dunia Indonesia dalam hal sektor kepariwisataan. Dan salah satu komponen dari alat ukur persaingan kompetisi internasional tersebut adalah international openness, dengan penilaian bahwa semakin banyak suatu negara menghilangkan restriksi untuk memasuki suatu negara maka semakin tinggi komponen penilaian TTCI. Tulisan ini secara kritis menilai bahwa perluasan kebijakan bebas visa, sudah bergeser dari titik keseimbangan kebijakan selektif keimigrasian Indonesia. Meskipun diakui bahwa ada kontribusi dari kebijakan bebas ini, namun secara makro menggiring ke dalam “perangkap” instrumen internasional yang akan merugikan kepentingan Indonesia. Bahkan analisis di dalam tulisan ini ditemukan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara komponen international openness dengan peningkatan daya saing pariwisata secara agregat. Oleh karena itu, dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan teori ekonomi politik internasional, dan teori pembangunan internasional, tulisan ini melakukan studi kritis terhadap eksistensi pengaruh internasional terhadap kebijakan selektif keimigrasian di Indonesia, serta langkah-langkah konkret yang perlu dilakukan segera oleh Pemerintah Indonesia agar dapat terhindar dari jebakan angka dan statistik dalam berkompetisi di era neoliberal saat ini.","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88466987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mekanisme Resolusi Konflik di ASEAN: ASEAN Sebagai Fasilitator Konflik","authors":"Jerry Indrawan","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v17i2.3830.172-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v17i2.3830.172-185","url":null,"abstract":"Peran ASEAN selama berdirinya cukup mampu membuat negara-negara di kawasan ini survive dari ganasnya polarisasi selama perang dingin yang lalu. Namun, di tengah-tengah damainya kawasan ini, konflik minor antar-negara di ASEAN, maupun antar-negara ASEAN dengan negara-negara lain di wilayah tetangganya kerap terjadi. Konflik antara Vietnam dengan Kamboja, Kamboja dengan Thailand, Indonesia dengan Malaysia, termasuk konflik dalam negeri Myanmar terkait masalah Rohingya adalah beberapa konflik yang terjadi di kawasan tenggara benua Asia ini. ASEAN tidak tinggal diam menyikapi beberapa permasalahan diantara negara-negara anggotanya ini. Tercatat, paling tidak ASEAN memiliki enam dokumen penting yang mengatur tentang mekanisme manajemen konflik, mulai dari Piagam ASEAN sampai Cetak Biru Komunitas Politik dan Keamanan ASEAN. Atas dasar itulah, penulis merasa penting untuk membahas salah satu dari dokumen tersebut, yaitu Traktat Persahabatan dan Kerjasama, sebagai mekanisme resolusi konflik di ASEAN. Pembahasan ini termasuk melakukan analisa terhadap kemungkinan ASEAN bertindak melalui mekanisme Majelis Tinggi atau mekanisme fasilitator konflik, dalam upaya resolusi konflik antara sesama negara anggota ASEAN.","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90688990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Climate-related Disaster Preparedness in Decentralized Ternate as Global Climate Change Adaptation","authors":"D. Wishanti, J. Purnomo, Wishnu Mahendra Wiswayana","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4368.186-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v17i2.4368.186-199","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change adaptation is globally arranged in many agreements. Those regimes realize the importance of small islands and vulnerable community as the entities at prime risk. However, as climate change progresses slowly, developing countries do not put this as a priority compared to other natural calamities like earthquake of volcanic eruption. Ternate authority as a government of sub-national small island is prone to climate hazard, but practically not prepared to defend the island against climate disaster. Despite receiving an award as a climate-resilient city, a wider governance aspect is left incapable to build an early initiative to construct a solid governance mode to manage its vulnerability. Through a set of indicators of policy approach, institutional capability, and social capability, this research finds that local governance and local politics in small island government is not supporting the establishment of an adaptable government, particularly on the context of decentralization. Technical capabilities in Ternate is present as a best practice to respond to volcanic eruption and tsunami, but not to the threat of climate change. Eventually, the case of Ternate highlights the importance to position subnational small islands according to its unique feature as a frontline to climate change adaptation, both in global and national context. Decentralization of governance does not automatically intensify the initiative of Ternate government to adapt with climate change imperatives.","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81083862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Indonesia-China High Speed Train and KTX Korea-France: A Sustainable Development for Locals or Reconfiguring Other Interests","authors":"Darynaufal Mulyaman, Kanya Damarçanti, Aldrin Rocky Sampeliling","doi":"10.26593/JIHI.V17I1.3728.31-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/JIHI.V17I1.3728.31-46","url":null,"abstract":"This study undermines a recent development of joint-cooperation between Indonesia and China regarding high-speed railway and its supporting constructions. New dedicated railway, train technology, and Transit Oriented Development (TOD) are part of the initial project, which planned concurrently along the projected area. All of these new railway and TODs are new and distant from already built residences and business centers. These study breakdowns how the Indonesia-China High Speed Train project were initiated and explaining vital factors that surrounds it. Reflecting on how Korea and France dealt with KTX (Korean Train Express) project, the TODs, railways, and train technology compare to Indonesia-China High Speed Train project, Indonesia-China project appears not sustainable and driven by other political and economical will.","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"173 1","pages":"31-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76645202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Securitization of China's Technology Companies in the United States of America","authors":"Giandi Kartasasmita","doi":"10.26593/jihi.v16i2.4204.159-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v16i2.4204.159-178","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explain the securitization process of China’s technology companies by the U.S Government. Whilethe U.S has been aware of the cyber threat since 1998, before Trump's presidency, the U.S. Government had nevertaken drastic measures against foreign technology companies based on national security pretext. This paper revealedthat the U.S. Executive has succeeded in securitizing the Chinese hardware and software companies, proved by theincreasing number of U.S. Citizens, see China as a major threat to the U.S.","PeriodicalId":53014,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional","volume":"453 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82935800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}