South African Journal of Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Transition from 3D conformal to modern modulated craniospinal radiotherapy","authors":"Hamida Fakira, Thurandrie Naiker, Brendon Smith, Annemari Groenewald","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Achieving optimal tumour coverage during craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is a challenge. Whilst several critical organs are at risk of radiation-induced toxicity, if target volume structures like the cribriform plate receive less than 95% of the prescribed dose, tumours could recur.Aim: This single-institution study seeks to establish the most effective craniospinal radiotherapy amongst 3D conformal radiation therapy (CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) by comparing dosimetry across target volumes, organs at risk (OARs) and total irradiated volume. Time taken for contouring, generation and evaluation of treatment plans, quality assurance and treatment beam delivery is assessed.Setting: The demographics of patients comprised of six children and one adult who underwent 3D CRT craniospinal radiotherapy at a Western Cape hospital.Methods: Approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee was obtained. The 3D CRT plan consisted of two parallel opposing lateral fields at the cranial isocentre and a single posterior field at the spinal isocentre. Both the IMRT and VMAT plans comprised three isocentres, one cranial and two spinal, with a total of 15 fields.Results: Volumetric modulated arc therapy was the most conformal (CI = 0.48) and IMRT the most homogeneous (HI = 0.06). Although the VMAT low-dose bath (58.1%) was highest at 2 Gy, OARs were least exposed with VMAT. The total time taken for VMAT was the shortest.Conclusion: Volumetric modulated arc therapy was recommended as the most effective CSI technique owing to its superior conformality, least OARs exposure and fastest planning times. Clinical investigation into possible late adverse effects arising from the VMAT low-dose bath should be conducted.Contribution: This study will establish which of the three radiation therapy (RT) techniques is most effective in the treatment of craniospinal tumours, as well as, which technique offers the fastest turn around time. ","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44920152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel interventions to address sexual health challenges in men with prostate cancer","authors":"Nape M Phahlamohlaka, S. Mdletshe","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41580350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and predictors of adverse outcomes of in paediatric febrile neutropenia","authors":"M. Adekunle, A. Davidson, M. Hendricks","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the commonest acute complication of cancer treatment in children. The identification of patients at risk for FN as well as adverse outcomes has been described.Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and potential risk factors for FN and describe adverse outcomes in a cohort of children treated for cancer.Setting: The study was carried out in a paediatric oncology unit in a children’s hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.Methods: A retrospective study from 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 on children with cancer at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.Results: Two hundred and sixty-seven episodes of FN occurred in 179 patients. Independent predictors of FN were acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (p = 0.039), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) (p = 0.020) and intensive chemotherapy (p ≤ 0.001). Mucositis (p = 0.001), central venous access device (CVAD) placement (p = 0.004), haematologic malignancies (p = 0.040), blood transfusion during FN episode (p  0.001) and severe neutropenia (white cell counts 0.3 × 109 cells/L) (p ≤ 0.001) were risk factors for adverse outcomes. The mortality rate from FN was 3.57%. Independent predictors of adverse outcomes in those with FN were AML (p = 0.001), CVAD placement (p = 0.019) and severe neutropenia (p = 0.005).Conclusion: Treatment related adverse outcomes following chemotherapy-induced FN are likely in children with AML, severe neutropenia and with CVAD placement.Contribution: Adverse outcomes from paediatric febrile neutropenia is high. There is need for clinical decision making aimed at prevention and early identification of individuals at risk. ","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45211142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The necessity of bilateral staging bone marrow examinations for paediatric solid tumours","authors":"Anne-Cecilia van Marle, I. Coetzee, Wynand Britz, Jade Eichbauer, Marguerité Smith, Marli van Gend, Helen van der Westhuizen, Rièlle Vorster, L. Haupt","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45699013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioguided occult lesion localisation: A retrospective audit at a single tertiary academic breast unit","authors":"Sumaya Ismail, F. Malherbe, E. Panieri, L. Cairncross, G. Boltman, F. Davidson","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The radioguided occult lesion localisation (ROLL) technique was introduced at Groote Schuur Hospital in 2003 replacing the wire-guided localisation (WGL) technique. In the case of preoperative histologically proven impalpable breast cancers, a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy was done simultaneously (sentinel node [SN] with occult lesion localisation or SNOLL).Aim: To assess the efficacy of the ROLL and SNOLL techniques for diagnostic and therapeutic excisions.Setting: A retrospective record analysis of 190 patients who underwent a ROLL procedure for diagnostic or therapeutic excision of occult breast lesions was performed at a large tertiary hospital in the Western Cape.Methods: Data were collected on patient and tumour characteristics, successful localisation rates, the volume of tissue removed, complete tumour resection rates, the number of re-operations performed and the proportion of SLN detection. The Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to test for significance between variables at α = 0.05.Results: Correct radiopharmaceutical placement was achieved in 177/190 (93.2%) lesions. Histologic examination of excised specimens confirmed 115/190 (61.0%) malignant and 75/190 (39.0%) benign lesions. Involved margins were found in 37/115 (32.2%). Complete excision with adequate margins occurred in 50/70 (71.4%) of cases of invasive cancer and in 11/45 (24.4%) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The SN was successfully identified in 30/37 (81.1%) of SNOLL cases.Conclusion: Radioguided occult lesion localisation is an effective tool in the preoperative localisation of occult lesions for surgical biopsy as well as the removal of impalpable breast cancers. A single intratumoural injection with 99mTc nanocolloid combined with lymphoscintigraphy is a reliable method of localising the SN. ","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the burden of cancer in South Africa","authors":"Emma M. Finestone, J. Wishnia","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.220","url":null,"abstract":"age-specific incidence rate of cancer, as well as the growth and ageing of the South African population. Conclusion: Results confirm that cancer is a major and growing public health problem in South Africa. This highlights the need for increases in resources available for cancer services, as well as rapid implementation of cancer prevention strategies, to reduce the number of future cancer cases, and thereby reduce the burden on the health system.","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45626333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testicular germ cell cancer in Africa: A survey on patterns of practice","authors":"H. Burger, T. Rick, P. Spies, Ayun Cassel, V. Vanderpuye, L. Incrocci","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45797290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose localised electron radiotherapy in a case of refractory mycosis fungoides","authors":"George O. Joram, H. Burger, W. Visser, Z. Mohamed","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.237","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) that responded to low-dose localised electron radiotherapy. A 59-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of a generalised, pruritic, scaly, red skin rash that had recently become more nodular. Skin biopsy confirmed MF. After a variable initial response to topical steroids and oral methotrexate, progressive tumours were treated with low-dose electron radiotherapy. We describe the clinical effect of different radiation doses and fractionation schedules applied over a 2-year period. Our experience in this case of MF suggests that low-dose localised electron radiotherapy offers excellent palliation by effectively resolving tumorous lesions, improving quality of life and allowing for retreatment of refractory lesions.","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The University of Cape Town’s paediatric cancer database: Results from the first years (2019–2021)","authors":"Alan Davidson, J. Moodley, K. Pillay, M. Hendricks, A. Stewart, J. Parkes","doi":"10.4102/sajo.v6i0.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajo.v6i0.234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45346163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of radiotherapy in malignant hemopathies: experience of the onco-hematology center of the Dalal Jamm hospital in Dakar","authors":"M. Bâ, S. Fall, F. Cheumaga, E. Niang, F. Sarr, K. Sarr, M. Mane, P. Diéne, F. Ndiaye, P. Gaye","doi":"10.54266/ajo.2.2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54266/ajo.2.2.46","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The treatment of hematologic malignancies is based on chemotherapy and/or targeted therapies. The place of radiotherapy was once highly debated because it could be responsible for significant late toxicity, but the progress of recent years has made practices evolve in the direction of the integration of radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of these malignant hemopathies. .We report the profile of malignant haematological pathologies, the indications for radiotherapy and its impact in improving the care of patients in the onco-hematology center of the Dalal Jamm Hospital in Dakar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients treated with curative or palliative radiotherapy in the radiotherapy department of Dalal Jamm Hospital in Dakar for a malignant hemopathy duly diagnosed between June 2018 and July 2021 were retrospectively included. RESULTS: From June 2018 to July 2021, 20 patients with malignant hemopathy were treated in the radiotherapy department. These 11 men and 9 women had a mean age of 50.1 years ± 15.6. The main malignant haematological pathologies were lymphomas (6 cases) including 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's type, 4 cases of multiple myeloma, 6 cases of solitary plasmacytoma, 2 cases of multiple myeloid associated with a solitary plasmacytoma, 1 case of chronic lymphoid leukemia and 1 case of myeloid splenomegaly. The indication for radiotherapy was curative in the cases of Hodgkin lymphoma and solitary plasmacytoma and palliative in the remainder. The dose was 36 Gy in 18 fractions for Hodgkin lymphoma, 30 Gy in 10 fractions for cases of solitary plasmacytomas in exclusive irradiation, 20 Gy in 5 fractions for plasmacytomas in consolidation after resection and 8 Gy in one fraction for analgesic treatments. With a mean follow-up of 23 months, we noted three deaths including the case of myeloid splenomegaly, chronic lymphoid leukemia and one case of multiple myeloma associated with a solitary plasmacytoma. The rest of the patients were in remission. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy, with to its technical progress, has gained in precision and retains a place in the multidisciplinary management of hematologic malignancies. KEYWORDS: Hematologic malignancies; Radiotherapy; Senegal.","PeriodicalId":52950,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Oncology","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85707698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}