mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn最新文献

{"title":"Functional and dietary lemon beverage, stabilization and evaluation of physicochemical and sensory characteristics","authors":"M. Kargozari, L. Bagheri, A. Mohammadi","doi":"10.22067/IFSTRJ.V1395I0.46440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IFSTRJ.V1395I0.46440","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In recent years, sugar-free or reduced-sugar foods and beverages are becoming very popular among the consumers. At the same time, consumers are increasingly concerned about the quality and safety of many products present in the diet, in particular, low-calorie synthetic or natural sweeteners. Sugar adds viscosity and provides body in drinks and semi-liquid foods like syrups and fruit juices. In order to achieve the same quality, taste and texture profile, reducing or removing sugar from a product often requires replacement with a number of alternative ingredients such as hydrocolloids. Hydrocolloids are widely used in many food formulations to improve quality attributes as thickening and gelling agents. Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide used as a food additive and rheology modifier, commonly used as a food thickening agent and a stabilizer, to prevent ingredients from separating. Stevia is an attractive natural sweetener and sugar substitute extracted from the leaves of the plant species Stevia rebaudiana. Inulin is a starchy substance found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs, which improves the technological properties and enhance the nutritional value of food and also has synergistic sweetening effect with sweeteners including stevia. Dietitians suggest that inulin belong to a class of water-soluble dietary fibers known as fructans, but research suggests prebiotic and bifidogenic properties of this compound that has caused it to be also regarded as a functional compound. \u0000 \u0000Materials and methods: Lemon drink with different formulations containing sugar (0, 6, 12 %), stevia (0, 0.02, 0.04 %) and xanthan (0, 0.18. 0.26 %) were prepared. To mask the bitter taste of stevia, inulin which has functional properties, was added to the formulation at the level of 0.5 %. In this study, liquid-gel method was used to suspend the solid particles of pulp and reach the desired consistency. Liquid gel structure was built by adding hot xanthan solution to the half diluted lemon drink while being stirred. Flow behavior and particle size distribution were examined. The dynamic yield stress of the samples was calculated and the stability of pulp particles in lemon drink was predicted by determination of the forces acting on the particle. Specific gravity measurement of lemon beverage was performed after removing the pulp using 50 ml pycnometer at 20°C according to the Iranian National Standard No. 2685. Mean diameter and size distribution of cloud-forming substances in pulp-free beverages were measured with a static light scattering laser diffraction-based particle size analyzer Malvern Master Sizer. Physicochemical (pH, acidity, ash, brix and density), sensory (taste and appearance) and microbial properties of lemon diet drinks were also examined. \u0000 \u0000Results and discussion: Xanthan, having considerable effect on flow behavior of lemon drink samples, created high amounts of apparent viscosity at low shear rates. In samples containing xan","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"1396 1","pages":"214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant effect of the aerial parts of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and clary sage (Salvia sclarea) essential oils in Iranian white cheese","authors":"F. Tooryan, M. Azizkhani","doi":"10.22067/IFSTRJ.V1395I0.47142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IFSTRJ.V1395I0.47142","url":null,"abstract":"گیاهان دارویی مخلوط طبیعی پیچیده‌ای هستند که به‌عنوان جایگزین بالقوه آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های مصنوعی در مواد غذایی مطرح شده‌اند. در این مطالعه، تاثیر آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس‌های مریم گلی کبیر و ریحان بر ماندگاری پنیر سفید ایرانی، در دمای 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد به مدت 90 و 26 درجه سانتی‌گراد به مدت 39 روزمورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه‌ها، در سه سطح غلظتی 5/0، 75/0، 1٪ (وزنی/ حجمی) تیمار شدند ، کنترل منفی، پنیر بدون آنتی‌اکسیدان وکنترل مثبت، نمونه‌ای با آنتی‌اکسیدان مصنوعی (BHT) 05/0 ٪ انتخاب شدند. ترکیب شیمیایی اسانس‌ها مورد بررسی و همچنین ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی با روش DPPH و پایداری اکسایشی با استفاده از تست‌های پراکسید و تیوباربیتوریک اسید مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بیشترین تاثیر در جلوگیری از اکسیداسیون چربی در روز نودم در غلظت 75/0 و 1٪ ریحان و 1٪ درصد اسانس مریم گلی کبیر مشاهده شد. در نهایت به‌نظر می‌رسد اسانس ریحان تاثیر بیشتری در مقایسه با اسانس مریم گلی کبیر داشت. عدد نهایی پراکسید (میلی‌اکی‌والان اکسیژن بر کیلوگرم) و تیوباربیتوریک اسید (مالون‌دی‌آلدهید برحسب میلی‌مول در1000گرم روغن) در غلظت 1٪ برای اسانس مریم گلی کبیر به ترتیب 817/1 و 096/0 و برای اسانس ریحان 379/1 و 0680/0 بود که اختلاف معناداری با نمونه کنترل داشتند) 05/0.(p< غنی‌سازی با اسانس‌های طبیعی موجب افزایش ماندگاری و پایداری اکسایشی پنیر می‌شود. همچنین بر خواص ارگانولپتیکی تاثیر چندانی نمی‌گذارد، اما با توجه به ویژگی‌های ذاتی نگهدارندگی، موجب افزایش عمر ماندگاری پنیر می‌شود.","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"1396 1","pages":"346-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring some characteristics of raw and degummed Moringa seeds and comparing their stabilities","authors":"Afsaneh Sadeghi, A. Ghazanfari, H. H. Rafsenjani, H. Akhavan","doi":"10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i0.46888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i0.46888","url":null,"abstract":"روغن دانه درخت مورینگا در صنایع غذایی، دارویی، آرایشی و بهداشتی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. در این پژوهش روغن خام مورینگا با استفاده از آب و اسید فسفریک صمغ‌گیری و برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و پایداری اکسایشی آن اندازه گیری و مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. آنالیز گاز کروماتوگرافی نشان داد که حدود 71 درصد اسیدهای چرب روغن مورینگا را اسید اولئیک و 24 درصد آن را اسیدهای چرب اشباع پالمیتیک، استئاریک و بهینیک تشکیل می دهند. صمغ‌گیری باعث کاهش عدد پراکسید از 4 به 35/2 میلی‌اکی‌والان/ کیلوگرم روغن؛ کاهش اسیدهای چرب آزاد از 05/2 به 07/0 درصد؛ کاهش عدد صابونی از 11/190 به 55/180 میلی گرم KOH/گرم روغن و کاهش جزئی عدد یدی گردید. همچنین صمغ گیری سبب افزایش ویسکوزیته و چگالی روغن حاصله گردید، اما تاثیری بر ضریب شکست نداشت. به‌علاوه در اثر صمغ‌گیری نقطه اشتعال روغن خام مورینگا از 115 به 205 درجه سانتی گراد افزایش یافت، ولی در مجموع عدد پراکسید روغن خام بالاتر از روغن صمغ‌گیری شده بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصله با افزایش دما از 3 به 120 درجه سانتی‌گراد عدد پراکسید روغن خام و صمغ‌گیری شده افزایش یافت. بطوریکه در حرارت های 80 و 120 درجه سانتی-گراد، روغن مورینگا پایداری خود را از دست داده و عدد پراکسید آن به‌صورت قابل توجهی افزایش یافت. همچنین قرار گرفتن روغن خام و صمغ‌گیری شده در معرض نور، سبب افزایش کند عدد پراکسید در 4 روز اول و افزایش شدید آن از روز چهارم تا روز دوازدهم گردید. همچنین پایداری اکسایشی که با استفاده از دستگاه رنسیمت در دمای 120 درجه سانتی گراد انجام شد برای روغن خام 3/7 ساعت و برای روغن صمغ‌گیری شده 9/8 ساعت بود.","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"1396 1","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on physicochemical properties of gluten-free sponge cake","authors":"A. Shendi, M. Alami, S. Mokhtari","doi":"10.22067/IFSTRJ.V1395I0.45057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IFSTRJ.V1395I0.45057","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cakes are usually formulated including wheat flour, sugar, egg and some liquids such as milk, water and oil. The textural properties of gluten in dough such as tensile, expansion and tolerance capability during mixing are major factors in baking industry. In fact, the structural protein to produce bread, cakes, muffins and biscuits is called gluten and the absence of gluten due to production of bakery products caused delicate texture, poor color, low size and porosity. The use of gluten-free flours such as corn, potatoes and rice, millet, Cassava, maize and sorghum in this category is inevitable. Therefore, the use of gluten alternatives such as hydrocolloids, enzymes and proteins, are essential in providing this products. MTG is transferase enzyme that can be made connection between glutamine and lysine. Result of this reaction improve nutritional and functional properties of the proteins. Covalent links generated by MTG has unique effects on gelation capacity, thermal stability and water holding capacities of products. Albumin and globulin do not have any effect on shaping of dough, but MTG connects the albumin and globulin to each other and then they become sedimented. This has beneficial effect on product quality. MTG has repairing ability on damaged wheat grains with binding protein. In this study, we try to contribute production of gluten-free sponge cake with guar gum, millet and rice flour, and MTG. \u0000 \u0000Materials and methods: TAROM rice flour purchase from local market and keep refrigerated until use it. Polyethylene bags with dimensions 15*25cm and thickness 40 microns were used. Guar gum (MEYPROTM GUAR, E412), vanilla (RHOVANILLA of RODYA company) and soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from China. Because of hygroscopic property of MTG, it was purchased in packages of 100 g, and stored at -15 ° C for further tests. For this purpose (0% millet-100% rice, 50%millet -50% rice, 100% millet-0%rice), guar gum (1, 2%) and MTG (0.25, 0.5%) were added. In order to increase the amino acid lysine as a substrate for the enzyme, soy protein isolate (SPI) was added to MTG containing samples. After baking (170 °C, 20 min) and cooling, each of the samples packed in polyethylene bags to evaluate characteristics. Moisture content Base on standard AACC, 2000, measured. For Size Measuring, a piece of cake weighed and placed into the container with the specific volume (Vt), The remaining space of container was filled with canola crops (Vs) and then volume of cakes calculated (Vt-Vs). For Evaluation of brain porous, cake was cubed in size 2*2 cm and Scanned by the scanner with a resolution of 1200 pixels (model: HP Scanjet G3010). Statistical analyze base on factorial design were prepared in triplicate. Duncan test at 5% level (P <0.05) were compared and the Excel software was used for charts. \u0000 \u0000Results and discussion: Results showed that different kinds of flour (rice and millet) have not significant effect on moisture content of samples b","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"1396 1","pages":"295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68573937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی اثر ضدمیکروبی عصاره آویشن شیرازی و تیمول بر ماندگاری قارچ خوراکی دکمه ای (Agaricus bisporus)","authors":"مینو رستگار, سید اسماعیل رضوی, پونه ابراهیمی","doi":"10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i0.47068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i0.47068","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has a high moisture content (~90%) which makes it more vulnerable to the germs and chemical reactions. The contents of fungus coating are beneficial for shelf-life extension of mushroom. Coated mushrooms loss less moisture and have firmness, better appearance and color features than uncoated mushrooms (Zahedi et al., 1390). Application of food coatings is widely used in order to extend the shelf-life of foods including mushrooms. These methods include improved packaging methods, coated treatment with a solution of anti-microbial, plant extracts and anti-browning agents. The essential oil of thyme plant (Zataria multiflora) contains derivatives of phenol such as carvacrol and thymol (Aligiannis et. al, 2001). The interaction of essential components with each other plays an important role in determining antimicrobial effect. Therefore, the synergistic antimicrobial effects of thymol and carvacrol are enhanced (Didry et. al, 1994). It is worth noting that carvacrol through changes in permeability of H+/K+ ion channel in the cell membrane leads to the suppression of cell dysfunction and ultimately death (Ultee et al, 1999). \u0000 \u0000Materials and methods: Cap of button mushroom was coated by carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol and thyme extract. In order to identify the thyme components, GC Mass model VARIAV CP3800 and VF5MS column was used. Also to measure the amount of thymol in thyme extract, HPLC method was used. The cap of button mushroom was sampled in three days (first day, seventh and fourteenth) and cultured in the food culture of PDA and NA. \u0000 \u0000Results and discussion: The results showed that the bacteria Psudomonas sp. and the mold Aspergillus sp. in various stages of maintenance of the control samples are observed in the warheads. The coating with thyme extract reduced the population of bacteria and mold. The results also showed that the medium level of microbial density was reduced with increasing concentrations of thyme extract. Therefore, the bacteria and mold did not grow in the extract concentration of 5.187 mgL-1. Thymol in a concentration of 70 and 105 ppm inhibited the growth of bacteria and mold, respectively. According to the results, 5.187 ppm thyme extract and 105 ppm thymol are suitable for coating and prevent the growth of bacteria and mold. The population of bacteria and mold in the treated and untreated samples of mushroom cap were identical. It was much more in the control sample with increasing storage time and was maximum at the end of the fourteenth day. The population of bacteria and mold in the coated samples and thyme extracts was lower than control samples. The direct relationship was observed with increasing storage time in the population growth of bacteria and mold. Lyzhyans et al. (2001) showed that the amount of phenolic oil is higher, the more antibacterial activity. The extract of thyme also contain phenolic compounds of thymol and carvacrol which have the most i","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"23 1","pages":"566-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of fortified yoghurt with zinc and iron micronutrients","authors":"M. Ganjeh, S. Jafari, M. Hoseinnejad","doi":"10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i0.47226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i0.47226","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Yogurt is the most frequently consumed fermented milk product with a positive impact on human health due to its high nutritional value. Characteristics such as acidity, amount of free fatty acids with sensory characteristics and nutritional properties of yogurt are very important. Food fortification is defined as addition of one or more essential nutrients at levels higher than naturally presence in food products. The World Health Organization estimates that at least 1 of every 5 people in the world suffer from lack of iodine, zinc, iron, folic acid, calcium, vitamin A and B. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of iron and zinc enriched yogurt during the shelf-life period and to assess the extent and the effect of these supplements on these properties. \u0000 \u0000Materials and methods: To perform enrichment, milk was divided into seven parts: 3 containers for fortification with iron, 3 containers for fortification with zinc and 1 container as the control sample. Fortification with iron and zinc was performed by concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 mg per kg of milk (according to the daily requirement of iron and zinc). The samples were then transferred into the container of 100 grams which were incubated at 45 °C, and after reaching the pH of 4.4 to 4.5, they were transferred to cold storage at 4 °C. To investigate the effect of enriching on the produced yogurt properties, the samples were evaluated after a period of one, seven and fourteen days. The syneresis of yogurt samples was determined by Salvador and Fiszman (2004) method, with slight modification. Water holding capacity was determined by centrifuge (Hettich Universal 320R - Germany) as reported by Sahin et al (2008) with slight modification. The acidity of the yogurt samples was measured by Kim and Lee (2002) method based on the percentage of lactic acid. Sensory characteristics of our samples in terms of taste, odor, color and texture and overall acceptability were evaluated by 12 Panelists (6 males, 6 females, 45- 21 years) by using a five-point hedonic test. Texture analysis was performed using Texture Analyzer (Brookfield Model CT3 Texture Analyzer – USA) based on Supavititpatana et al (2008) method. \u0000 \u0000Results & discussion: Syneresis of product decreased from 0.24 to zero in yogurt samples containing iron and from 1.20 to 0.81% in zinc treatments. Increasing the storage time in the presence of iron causes a sharp decrease in the amount of the syneresis up to zero. The main reasons for syneresis in fermented products include high incineration temperature, low total solids and inadequate storage temperature. The water holding capacity of the product was shown a relatively increase over time and the highest amount was observed in the treatments containing high concentrations of iron during the early days of storage, while at the same high concentrations in the final days of storage, the lowest water holding capacity was","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"1396 1","pages":"573-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی تغییرات محتوای رطوبت و جذب روغن بههمراه مدل سازی آنها در قطعات سیب زمینی","authors":"فاطمه روشنی, سارا موحد, حسین احمدی چناربن","doi":"10.22067/IFSTRJ.V0I0.31061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IFSTRJ.V0I0.31061","url":null,"abstract":"چکیده در تحقیق حاضر تاثیر پیش تیمارهای اولتراسوند و خشک‌کردن، بر محتوای رطوبت و میزان جذب روغن قطعات سیب زمینی رقم ساتینا، طی فرآیند سرخ‌کردن عمیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پیش تیمار اولتراسوند در دو فرکانس 20 و 40 کیلوهرتز، به مدت 15 دقیقه و پیش تیمار خشک‌کردن دردمای 60 درجه سلسیوس و به مدت 15 دقیقه انجام شد. پس از آن قطعات سیب‌زمینی در دماهای 170 و190 درجه سلسیوس و به مدت 5، 7 و 10 دقیقه سرخ شدند. با توجه به نتایج، نمونه های پیش تیمار شده با اولتراسوند، در فرکانس40 کیلوهرتز ، در دما و زمان یکسان، از محتوای رطوبتی کمتری برخوردار بودند. قابل توجه این‌که با افزایش دمای سرخ کردن و فرکانس، ضریب انتشار مؤثر رطوبت افزایش و محدوده‌ی آن m2/s8-10×80/8 – 8-10×95/6 محاسبه شد(99/0=2R). از سوی دیگر با افزایش فرکانس، انرژی فعال سازی افزایش و محدوده‌ی آنkJ/mol 307/16-161/13 تعیین گردید(99/0=2R). همچنین در زمان‌های سرخ کردن یکسان، نمونه‌های پیش تیمار شده با اولتراسوند، در فرکانس 20 کیلوهرتز، از بیشترین میزان جذب روغن برخوردار بودند. بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیونی چند متغیره، مدل نمایی بهترین برازش را به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات محتوای رطوبت و روغن نمونه‌ها نشان داد.","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"11 1","pages":"597-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68567379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of soy protein isolate - tragacanth based composite film","authors":"Hamideh Separdar, E. Rahimi, I. Shahabi, B. Aghabarari","doi":"10.22067/IFSTRJ.V12I5.42629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/IFSTRJ.V12I5.42629","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : One of the most important problems of synthetic packaging of materials had been the time consuming process of their decomposition. Therefore, they have the potential to contaminate the environment. During the recent years, the above-mentioned problem has paved the way for developing biodegradable biopolymers. One group of these polymers is films and edible coatings. Soy protein isolate is the purest type of soy protein which is available commercially and amount of its protein is more than 90% (based dry weight). These films have better nutritional value. In addition, they have better mechanical features and permeability than films made of carbohydrates and fats. Tragacanth gum is composed of two main ingredients under the name of Tragacantic acid or Basorin and Tragacantin. Basorin is in 60-70% of whole gum and is insoluble in the water. It can swell and make gel. Also, another ingredient or Tragacantin solves in the water and leads to make colloid solution. Hence, the main purpose of this work is studying effect of tragacanth gum as a supplementary and firmness-making material on physical and mechanical features of soy protein isolate film and are determining the best level of tragacanth gum and optimal film for using in food packaging. \u0000 \u0000Materials and methods: A specified amount of soy protein isolate was solved in distilled water. Then, pH of solution was set on 10 by NaoH (0.1N). Solution of soy protein isolate was heated by bain-marie to 70˚c. Afterwards, solution of tragacanth gum with suitable amount of treatment which was solved separately in the water was added to solution of soy protein isolate slowly during agitating by magnetic mixer. Then, glycerol was added to the final solution as plasticizer. Final solution was agitated by magnetic mixer about 15 minutes to become smooth and pure. After degassing, the film forming solutions were casted by pouring the mixture onto polystyrene plate (10 cm diameter) and dried at 25±5˚c for 48 h in a laboratory oven and room relative humidity. Finally, the dried films were peeled off the casting surface. Film solutions were prepared from soy protein isolate with ratio of 0.5:4.5(A), 0.3:4.7(B) and 0.1:4.9(C), tragacanth gum: soy protein isolate and plasticizer of glycerol were prepared in 100gr water with ratio of 90% (w/w) dry weight. According to plasticizer effect of water, to uniform moisture before performing each test, all the films were conditioned inside desiccators containing saturated magnesium- nitrate solution to ensure a relative humidity 0f 50-55% at 25˚c ± 1 for 48 h. \u0000Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) were conducted by using tensile evaluation machine (7010, Gotec of Taiwan) according to ASTM standard method D882-10 (ASTM, 2010). \u0000Films were cut in the dimension of 2×2 cm2 and dried to reach constant weight at 100 ˚C in a laboratory oven. Dried samples weighed to determine the initial dry weight (m1) and placed inside beaker including 50 ml of distille","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"12 1","pages":"620-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68571148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی حضور قارچهای مولد آفلاتوکسین در پسته منطقه خراسان (شهرستانهای گناباد و فیضآباد) بااستفاده از روش مولکولی","authors":"نسیم پورابراهیم, مسعود یاورمنش","doi":"10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i2.42364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i2.42364","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Pistachio nut is one of the popular tree nuts. Among the different species of the genus Pistacia, only the fruits of Pistacia vera attain optimal size to be acceptable to consumers as edible nuts. Contamination of pistachio by Aspergillus species and their mycotoxins is the most important problem for consumption and export of this product. Aflatoxins are potent toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic secondary metabolites primarily produced by two fungal species, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aspergillus flavus produces AFB1 and AFB2, while Aspergillus parasiticus produces AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. Among four main groups of aflatoxins, AFB1 is the most potent carcinogenic compound. Therefore, identification of toxigenic fungi is necessary for evaluating the foods quality and the presence of mycotoxins. The current methods being used for assessing fungi presence in foods based on cultivation methods and microscopic characteristics are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recently, molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) due to high sensitivity, specificity and rapidity has been introduced as powerful tools for detecting toxigenic fungi. Many genes involved in the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins have been identified and their DNA sequences have been published. PCR methods can be used to detect of aflatoxigenic Aspergilli based on structural genes (nor1, ver1 and omtA) encoding key enzymes in aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway and the regulatory gene aflR. \u0000Materials and method: Pistachio samples were collected from different cultivation regions of two towns including Gonabad and Feyzabad. Samples were packed in sterile plastic bags and immediately transferred to the laboratory. The moisture content of samples was determined using thermal method and drying in at 95-100°C. Among fungal isolates 30 Aspergillus genus were detected and purified by cultural-based methods using PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. Colonies of the fungus were transferred to PDB (potato dextrose broth) medium and incubated for 5 days at 28°C with shaking at 150 rpm. The mycelium was frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground to a powder for later DNA isolation. DNA was extracted with CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) extraction buffer, then was purified with organic solvents such as chloroform/isoamyl alcohol and finaly was precipitated by isopropanol. Aspergillus genus were detected using polymerase chain reaction by specific primer pair Asp1/Asp2 for amplification of 18S rRNA region. Furthermore, aflatoxigenic genes were detected by three sets of primers (APA-450/APA-1482, ver1/ver2 and OMT-208/OMT-1232). PCR was performed in a volume of 25 µl containing 0.5 µl of each primer, 12.5 µl of Taq DNA polymerase master mix red, 10.5 µl of sterile distilled water and 1 µl of genomic DNA as template. A PCR consisted of an initial denaturing step of 5 min at 94°C followed by 35 cycles (30 s at 94°C, 35 s at 65°C and 40 s at 72°C) finished b","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"12 1","pages":"318-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68577561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of TiO2 and MontmorilloniteNanofillers on Structural, Thermal and Optical Properties of Starch based Nanobiocomposite Films","authors":"Seyed Amir Oleyaei, B. Ghanbarzadeh, A. Moayedi, F. Abbasi","doi":"10.22067/ifstrj.v12i5.44022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22067/ifstrj.v12i5.44022","url":null,"abstract":"در این پژوهش، فیلم های زیست نانو کامپوزیت نشاسته‌ی نرم شده (PS) حاوی نانولایه های دو بعدی سدیم مونت موریلونیت (MMT) و نانوذرات سه بعدی دی اکسید تیتانیم (TiO2) به روش قالب ریزی تهیه شدند. توپوگرافی سطح و ساختار شیمیایی فیلم ها توسط میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی (AFM) و طیف سنجی فروسرخ (FT-IR) مطالعه گردید. در آمیزه‌ی دوجزئی PS-MMT، لایه های ورقه ای شده‌ی نانورس، به طور یکنواخت در ماتریس پلیمری پخش شده اند. تصاویر سه بعدی میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی (AFM) توزیع یکنواخت تر نانورس و TiO2، زبری کمتر و سطح صاف تر ماتریس PS-3% MMT-TiO2 نسبت به فیلم های دوجزئی PS-3%MM را نشان داد. وجود پیوندهای هیدروژنی و برهمکنش های الکترواستاتیک بین نانورس و TiO2 با یکدیگر و با زنجیرهای نشاسته توسط پیک های مربوط به پیوند C-O-H در 1- cm1142 و1-cm 990 و افزایش پهنای باند و شدت جذب در ناحیۀ 1-cm800-500 در طیف سنجی فروسرخ (FT-IR) تأیید گردید. نتایج آزمون گرماسنج پویشی تفاضلی (DSC) نشان داد، افزایش غلظت TiO2 فیلم های PS-3%MMT باعث افزایش دمای ذوب و دمای انتقال شیشه ای (Tg) به ترتیب از 1/295 تا 3/306 درجه سانتی‌گراد و از 1/199 تا 6/207 درجه سانتی‌گراد گردیده است. افزایش غلظت نانورس تأثیر معنی داری بر پارامترهای رنگی فیلم نداشت، اما با افزایش 1% محتوی TiO2 در فیلم حاوی 3% نانورس، اختلاف رنگ کلی (ΔE) و اندیس سفیدی (WI) فیلم ها به ترتیب %6/86 و 76% افزایش یافته و از میزان سرخی وزردی آنها کاسته شد. به منظور بررسی کدورت و رفتار جذب پرتوهای نوری از اسپکتروفتومتری UV-Vis در دامنه طول موج nm 200-800 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که می توان فیلم نانوکامپوزیتی حاصل را به عنوان ماده بسته بندی جهت حفاظت از محتویات در برابر پرتوهای نور UV و مرئی بکار برد.","PeriodicalId":52634,"journal":{"name":"mjlh pjwhshhy `lwm w Sny` Gdhyy yrn","volume":"12 1","pages":"678-695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68571372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}