Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych最新文献_第2页

Current state and prospects of forensic-medical diagnosis of drowning: A review of the literature 溺水的法医诊断现状与展望:文献综述

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.22.003.16304

Volodymyr M. Voloshynovych, Natalia M. Kozan, Viktoriia M. Voloshynovych, Julia Z. Kotsyubynska, M. Voloshynovych, G. Zelenchuk, Valeriia Chadiuk

{"title":"Current state and prospects of forensic-medical diagnosis of drowning: A review of the literature","authors":"Volodymyr M. Voloshynovych, Natalia M. Kozan, Viktoriia M. Voloshynovych, Julia Z. Kotsyubynska, M. Voloshynovych, G. Zelenchuk, Valeriia Chadiuk","doi":"10.4467/12307483pfs.22.003.16304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.22.003.16304","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the current possibilities of forensic medicine in the diagnosis of death by drowning, as well as reflects the different views of the authors and the evolution of approaches to this issue. Despite the constant interest of scientists in the topic of drowning and extensive research on this issue, there are still many white spots. Researchers are trying to identify more specific changes characteristic of drowning and possible methods to detect them.\u0000\u0000The main evidence based method of diagnosing drowning at present is the detection of diatomic plankton in the tissues of isolated kidneys by light optical microscopy. However, microscopic examination and identification of diatomic plankton require a lot of time and accurate taxonomic examination. Also, a disadvantage of this method is that the methods of processing the material sent for research, as a result of the use of concentrated acids for the destruction of organs, greatly complicates and sometimes eliminates the possibility of detection of diatomic plankton. In some cases, the presence of diatoms during drowning is so small that it is impossible to detect them by microscopy. In such cases, the presence of phytoplankton DNA detected by PCR in tissues during drowning is almost the only method for diagnosing drowning. Nowadays there has been a lack of research in the field of forensic medicine related to the use of evidence-based medicine, especially in the field of drowning.","PeriodicalId":52546,"journal":{"name":"Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42053340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligence as a protective factor and risk factor for violence in a group of forensic psychiatric inpatients 智力作为一组法医精神科住院病人暴力的保护因素和危险因素

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.22.001.16302

M. Banasik, Damian Pogrzeba, J. Gierowski, Agnieszka Welento-Nowacka, Michał Nowopolski, Marta Krupa

{"title":"Intelligence as a protective factor and risk factor for violence in a group of forensic psychiatric inpatients","authors":"M. Banasik, Damian Pogrzeba, J. Gierowski, Agnieszka Welento-Nowacka, Michał Nowopolski, Marta Krupa","doi":"10.4467/12307483pfs.22.001.16302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.22.001.16302","url":null,"abstract":"In the research literature intelligence is commonly described as a risk or protective factor for crime and violence, depending on its level. In mostly exploratory analysis presented in this study, authors primarily focused on determining how socioeconomic factors and comorbidity disorders influence relationship between intelligence level and violence of risk. In total, 101 patients participated in the study, all of them were male, Polish detainees at three psychiatric hospitals with forensic psychiatry wards: the S. Kryzan Hospital for the Nervously and Mentally Ill in Starogard Gdański, the State Hospital for Mental Diseases in Rybnik, and the Józef Babiński Psychiatric Hospital in Kraków. Statistical analysis of the collected data confirmed positive relationship between level of intelligence and historical risk factors summary of HCR20v3. It was observed that no source of income is an important moderator between low intelligence and historical risk factors. Additionally, in the group of patients with primary or middle education, intelligence level above average is a significant factor that minimalizes historical risk. Comorbidity disorder was identified as aspect that minimalizes protective influence of medium or high level of intelligence in the dynamic, clinical scale of HCR-20v3. Besides that, intelligence level above average was a protective factor in the group of schizophrenic patients without personality disorders. Knowledge of the way in which analyzed moderators influence relationship between intelligence level and risk of violence can improve the risk management process by enabling the identification of protective factors that are specific to subtypes of perpetrators of violence with mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":52546,"journal":{"name":"Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47246023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overview of bimetallic nanomaterials used for visualization of latent fingerprints on various surfaces 用于各种表面潜在指纹可视化的双金属纳米材料综述

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.22.004.16305

V. Chavan, D. Bhagat, A. Gangawane

引用次数: 0

When the judiciary disbelieves the victim: Stereotypes and their influence on assessments of the credibility of victims of sexual abuse – a case study 当司法机关不相信受害者时:陈规定型观念及其对评估性虐待受害者可信度的影响——个案研究

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.22.002.16303

M. Wojciechowska

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Investigator 26plex QS and SureID PanGlobal systems in forensic analysis and comparison with commonly used NGM PCR Amplification Kit 评价调查员26plex QS和SureID pangglobal系统在法医分析中的应用，并与常用的NGM PCR扩增试剂盒进行比较

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.22.005.16306

Magdalena Marcińska, Agnieszka Parys-Proszek, Maria Wróbel

{"title":"Evaluation of the Investigator 26plex QS and SureID PanGlobal systems in forensic analysis and comparison with commonly used NGM PCR Amplification Kit","authors":"Magdalena Marcińska, Agnieszka Parys-Proszek, Maria Wróbel","doi":"10.4467/12307483pfs.22.005.16306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.22.005.16306","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the novel kits – Investigator 26plex QS and SureID PanGlobal in forensic analysis and confront with commonly applied NGM PCR Amplification Kit. The internal validation study involved sensitivity, reliability, stochastic, DNA mixtures, inhibition parameters analysis and 15 casework samples extracted from blood, saliva, semen, tooth, bones, soft tissue and epithelial cells. The sensitivity experiments were performed on a total of 24 samples from seven serial dilutions of 007 control DNA. Mixture analysis was performed for two persons in different proportions using 9947 and 007 control DNA. Inhibition effect was tested using PCR inhibitor – humic acid. Among three compared kits the highest sensitivity was noted for Investigator 26plex QS considering the total number of the markers in each system, as well as the shared set of markers. However, low PCR efficiency of D6S1043 locus was observed with aforementioned kit. Mixture analysis performed with Investigator 26plex QS, SureID Pan Global and NGM kits, considering shared set of markers revealed that NGM Kit is the most sensitive for detecting minor components in a mixture. Similarly, we demonstrated that NGM is the most successful in the analysis of challenging forensic samples. The internal validation showed that the Investigator 26plex QS and SureID PanGlobal have weaker performance for routine forensic application in comparison to NGM Kit. However, thanks to increased number of markers, these systems could be helpful in analysis of complex cases in paternity testing and kinship analysis, in which standard genetic analysis is insufficient.","PeriodicalId":52546,"journal":{"name":"Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PC-Crash modelling of vehicle movement after tire slipping off the rim 轮胎从轮辋上滑落后车辆运动的PC碰撞建模

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.21.015.15885

J. Zębala, W. Wach, Piotr Ciępka

引用次数: 0

A comparison of prospective calculations with experimental alcohol curves 前瞻性计算与实验酒精曲线的比较

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.21.014.15884

Dominika Jama, Karolina Sekuła, D. Zuba

{"title":"A comparison of prospective calculations with experimental alcohol curves","authors":"Dominika Jama, Karolina Sekuła, D. Zuba","doi":"10.4467/12307483pfs.21.014.15884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.21.014.15884","url":null,"abstract":"In cases requiring determination of the ethanol content of a person involved in a road incident, expert opinions are often based on prospective calculations. Declarations regarding the amount and type of alcoholic drink consumed are used to calculate the concentration of alcohol in the body and to correlate the results obtained with those of sobriety tests. alcohol concentration estimated using a prospective calculation should correspond most accurately with the ethanol content in the body. It is therefore desirable to identify the appropriate model of prospective estimation, which is accomplished here by comparing the most common methods of alcohol calculation used by forensic experts. The study involved five people aged 29–64 (two women and three men) who were given alcohol in an amount leading to a theoretical ethanol concentration of 1‰in their bodies. In this paper, we plotted the alcohol curves and compared the experimental (real) ethanol concentration with the theoretical values calculated by the various methods. The best correlation between the results of prospective calculations and real ethanol concentrations was obtained for the method that assumes an immediate elimination from the beginning of consumption (used routinely by the authors) and for the method that assumes an absorption time of 30 minutes and a 10% alcohol deficit (the difference between the theoretical and actual ethanol concentration).","PeriodicalId":52546,"journal":{"name":"Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45964308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The detection and determination of new LSD derivatives in biological material using the LC-MS/MS technique 用LC-MS/MS技术检测和测定生物材料中新的LSD衍生物

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.21.013.15883

P. Adamowicz, Piotr Adamowicz, Karolina Mulka

{"title":"The detection and determination of new LSD derivatives in biological material using the LC-MS/MS technique","authors":"P. Adamowicz, Piotr Adamowicz, Karolina Mulka","doi":"10.4467/12307483pfs.21.013.15883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.21.013.15883","url":null,"abstract":"Psychedelics derived from lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) represent one of the groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that have been gaining popularity in recent years. Due to their very high potency, they are taken in small doses and their identification in biological material is problematic. The compounds from this group, which appear in low concentrations in biological material and metabolise rapidly, require sensitive and selective analytical methods if they are to be detected. A method for the detection and determination of LSD and its new derivatives (ALD-52, 1P-LSD, 1cP-LSD, and 1B-LSD) in whole blood using the LC-MS/MS technique was therefore developed and validated. The analytes were isolated from the blood (0.2 mL) by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and acetate buffer (pH 5.5). The method developed was linear in the range of 0.5−10 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 ng/mL for each analyte and the lowest point on the calibration curve was taken as the limit of quantification (LOQ). The method developed is sensitive and samples can be prepared for analysis quickly and easily. The procedure can be applied widely in the analysis of LSD derivatives in biological material –for forensic or clinical purposes, for example –and can easily be expanded for use with further LSD derivatives.","PeriodicalId":52546,"journal":{"name":"Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41683011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicide notes and motives for suicide in psychological reports compiled for the judiciary 为司法机关编写的心理报告中的自杀遗书和自杀动机

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.21.012.15882

T. Jaśkiewicz-Obydzińska, Ewa Wach

{"title":"Suicide notes and motives for suicide in psychological reports compiled for the judiciary","authors":"T. Jaśkiewicz-Obydzińska, Ewa Wach","doi":"10.4467/12307483pfs.21.012.15882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.21.012.15882","url":null,"abstract":"To establish the motives for the act is one of the main goals of the psychological evaluation required by judicial process in cases of suicide. In many cases, this makes it possible to prove or falsify the hypothesis that a person’s death is the result of the actions of one or more other people who –in one way or another –have contributed to that person’s decision to take their own life. Sometimes, people who die by suicide leave farewell notes indicating the person or people directly responsible for their deaths. Although notes of this kind offer an important source of information about the emotional states of their authors and their relationships with their social environments, they remain subjective. Indeed, it is often the case that thorough reviews of all of the material in the cases concerned do not support the thesis that a third party directly influenced the deceased’s decision to end their own life. Moreover, in some instances, people who die by suicide have been found to have misled the people in their immediate environment. Nevertheless, where verified suicide notes exist, they remain a valuable source of information for psychologists. The article analyses ninety-three cases in which psychological reports were compiled to determine the motives for fatal suicide attempts. Suicide notes were found in thirty of these cases. The form and content of these notes are examined, and the options for their use in forensic reports are considered.","PeriodicalId":52546,"journal":{"name":"Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41454513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limitations of Simon test in new psychoactive substances analysis 西蒙试验在新精神活性物质分析中的局限性

Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych Pub Date : 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.4467/12307483pfs.20.009.15449

Kaja Tusiewicz, Olga Wachełko, M. Zawadzki, P. Szpot

{"title":"Limitations of Simon test in new psychoactive substances analysis","authors":"Kaja Tusiewicz, Olga Wachełko, M. Zawadzki, P. Szpot","doi":"10.4467/12307483pfs.20.009.15449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.20.009.15449","url":null,"abstract":"New psychoactive substances (NPS) are nowadays a prevalent group of illicit drugs, one of which are synthetic cathinones. The widespread usage of NPS requires fast, reliable, selective and sensitive analytical methods for their identification as well as differentiation. Colorimetric tests are among the most frequently used methods for screening analysis of NPS in forensic sciences because they are fast, cheap and simple they found application in roadside, borders and airport controls, as well as are used for employees control at workplaces. In this paper we present limitations of colorimetric tests based on the example of one of the Simon test’s variant which was used to analyze synthetic cathinones samples. 163 seized drugs samples were analyzed. Used variant of the Simon test comprises reaction of secondary amines with sodium nitroprusside, sodium carbonate and acetaldehyde resulting in deep blue coloration. Our study indicated that the test gives a very low positive results percentage (3%), as well as many false negative results (88%). No pattern in color changes could be observed regarding samples belonging to one group of compounds in order to identify it even when lacking the expected observation. Another important aspects regarding colorimetric test is the fact that observations are very subjective. although this method is fast and easy to perform, it does not provide unambiguous results and thus, they always should be confirmed with the use of other analytical techniques such as LC-MS/MS or GC-MS/MS.","PeriodicalId":52546,"journal":{"name":"Z Zagadnien Nauk Sadowych","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41570710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0