{"title":"The City Lament: Jerusalem across the Medieval Mediterranean, written by Tamar M. Boyadjian","authors":"S. Henny","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":"26 1","pages":"607-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traces of Late Medieval Jewish Scotism: A Catalan Translation in Hebrew Script of De distinctione predicamentorum by Petrus Thomae","authors":"Ilil Baum","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Jewish-Christian intellectual relations in late medieval Spain are discussed in light of a curious fragment in Hebrew script from the Vatican Library. The fragment contains an unknown translation from Latin to Catalan (in Hebrew characters) of the work of the Catalan Franciscan monk Petrus Thomae, De distinctione predicamentorum. This translation is also compared with Thomae’s Tractatus brevis de modis distinctionum as it demonstrates an intermediate version between these two works by Petrus Thomae, though it resembles the first more closely. These traces invite a discussion on the existence of “Jewish Scotism” among the Jews of Catalonia, and after the expulsion, among their descendants, who probably made their way to Italy. The text is among the latest evidence of the use of Catalan in Hebrew characters on the cusp of the sixteenth century.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":"26 1","pages":"543-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45343587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Quest for the “Charity Dish”: Interpretation in the Hebrew Arthurian Translation Melekh Artus (1279, Northern Italy)","authors":"Caroline Gruenbaum","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article analyzes Melekh Artus (King Arthur), a unique Hebrew translation of sections from the old French prose Merlin and mort Artu in the Lancelot-Grail cycle. Written in a single fragment from 1279 in northern Italy, this translation proves close Jewish engagement with old French texts. Through satirical biblical references and subtle critique of his material, the author reframes the Arthurian narrative to promote universal morals. Rather than Judaize the Arthurian canon and its Christian characters, he validates them as viable models for his Jewish audience.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":"26 1","pages":"517-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bible Translation by Jews and Christians in Medieval Catalan-Speaking Territories","authors":"Pere Casanellas","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Despite bans on the reading or possession of Bibles in the vernacular, numerous medieval Catalan translations of the Bible survive, in particular a complete Bible from the fourteenth century, some ten psalters, and a fifteenth-century version of the four Gospels. Moreover, Catalan was the second Romance language in which a full Bible was printed (1478), following the Tuscan Bible of 1471. Most of these translations were commissioned by Christians for the use of Christians. In some cases, however, it is clear that the translators were converted Jews. In some others, the translations appear to have been written by Jews for Jewish readers. We also find one case in which Catalan was the source rather than the target language: the first extant translation of the four Gospels into Hebrew (late fifteenth century) was undertaken, probably by a Jew, using the aforementioned fourteenth-century Catalan Bible.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41486806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Late Medieval Translations of the Qurʾān (1450–1525): Discontinuity or Cumulativeness?","authors":"Benoît Grévin","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000What was the reason behind the new, still partly understudied, European “wave of translations” of the Qurʾān characteristic of the years 1440‒1530? Can we find a pattern behind the translation processes and techniques used by John of Segovia and his Muslim coworker, the team commissioned by Egidio da Viterbo, and the Sicilian Jewish convert Guglielmo Raimondo Moncada (alias Flavius Mithridate)? This new generation of Qurʾānic translations presents interesting innovations in contrast to the older works of Robert of Ketton and Marcos de Toledo. Even if the loss (Juan de Segovia) or the non-completion (Moncada) of part of these texts makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions, there are still significant observations to be made about them: these translations were all bilingual or multilingual, featuring conscious strategies of presentation of the Arabic and Latin versions, and a new approach to the Muslim exegesis. And yet, these new and sophisticated works were no match for the older Iberian versions, and it was the Kettonian translation that became the first Latin translation printed in its entirety, whereas the new works of the years 1440‒1530 were lost or poorly transmitted. This paper tries to explain this paradox. Furthermore, through a comparative new methodology, it also aims at gauging the possible links between the older and the newer Latin translations of the Qurʾān suggesting specific a relationship between the Qurʾān of Marcos de Toledo and Moncada’s partial translation of MS. Vat. Ebr. 457.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49071441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islamic Law and the Crisis of the Reconquista: The Debate on the Status of Muslim Communities in Christendom, written by Alan Verskin","authors":"M. C. Aparicio","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49070049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Canonical and Non-Canonical Sources for Biblical History in Two Arabic Universal Histories Written by Christians in al-Andalus","authors":"M. Penelas","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article examines the biblical material contained in two universal histories written by the Christians of al-Andalus: the so-called Kitāb Hurūshiyūsh (KH) and the “Mozarabic universal history” (MUH) preserved at MS Raqqada 2003/2. A thorough comparison of the parallel passages from the Books of Samuel and Kings shows that KH, which has proved to be one of the sources of MUH for profane history, was not used by the latter’s compiler for the large fragments relating to sacred history. Both KH and MUH contain copious material concerning biblical history that was derived from sources different than the Bible. Thus, Giorgio Levi Della Vida and I, as editors of MUH and KH respectively, have observed that the biblical material derived from the Vulgate in both texts was enriched with information from Jerome’s and Isidore’s works. In this article I show that both contain a substantial amount of information absent from Jerome’s and Isidore’s works and that canonical biblical material is largely interspersed with material from non-canonical and non-biblical sources, including information well rooted in the Jewish tradition. This is especially the case in MUH.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Old Testament in Translated Patristic Works: Ezekiel 1–4:3 and 40:1–47 in Fr. Gonzalo de Ocaña’s (1442) Spanish Translation of Homiliarum in Ezechielem Prophetam libri duo by Pope Gregory I","authors":"Gemma Avenoza","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340079","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study explores the political and cultural context of Fr. Gonzalo de Ocaña’s translation of the Homiliarum in Ezechielem of Pope Gregory I. It sheds light on the personality of the translator, offering new information about his life. It also delves into the political circumstances in which Queen María of Castile requested this translation from her chaplain. In fact, Ocaña’s prologue to his translation provides unique historical evidence of his own personal position vis-à-vis the political strife between the Queen’s brothers and her husband, John II of Castile, a struggle that had brought Castile close to ruin.\u0000The translation of this patristic text is also important because it provides us with a literal version of extensive passages from the Book of Ezequiel and constitutes the only known translation of this book of the Old Testament made from the Vulgata in the fifteenth century. Ocaña’s use of the Latin source is by no means a trivial issue, for the only two known versions of the Book of Ezekiel translated from Latin into Spanish, the pre-Alfonsine Bible and the General estoria, were prepared much earlier, in the thirteenth century.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47883994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Narrating Muslim Sicily. War and Peace in the Medieval Mediterranean World, written by William Granara","authors":"G. Mandalà","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Translating Inspired Language, Transforming Sacred Texts: An Introduction","authors":"Fatma Sinem Eryılmaz","doi":"10.1163/15700674-12340078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In late medieval-early modern Iberia, translations of sacred texts often involved changes beyond those concerning linguistic and cultural frameworks. The sacred nature of the source text turned it into a potentially powerful tool for a variety of purposes. Translations were used to advance didactic and cultural policies and to disseminate political and religious propaganda. They became building blocks for communal identities under fatal threat. When need be, they could be manipulated both as weapons of self-defense or of belligerent attack against rival religiosities and institutions that harbored them. The power generated by the divine authority that spoke through sacred texts also made their translations and their translators, targets of suspicion and victims of strict control, and at times, destruction. The five articles that I introduce represent a wide spectrum of these possibilities as they examine translation projects of Christian, Jewish, and Muslim sacred texts and the transformations they catalyzed.","PeriodicalId":52521,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Encounters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42770958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}