CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Key Points for Issue.","authors":"","doi":"10.1212/01.CON.0001098196.53607.f4","DOIUrl":"10.1212/01.CON.0001098196.53607.f4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Overview.","authors":"","doi":"10.1212/01.CON.0001098616.12668.ec","DOIUrl":"10.1212/01.CON.0001098616.12668.ec","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Points for Issue.","authors":"","doi":"10.1212/01.CON.0001095000.40753.3f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/01.CON.0001095000.40753.3f","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LATE, Hippocampal Sclerosis, and Primary Age-related Tauopathy.","authors":"Vijay K Ramanan, Jonathan Graff-Radford","doi":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000001499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia, neurologists must be aware of other etiologies that can mimic the amnestic-predominant syndrome and medial temporal brain involvement typically associated with AD. This article reviews recent updates surrounding limbic-predominant age-related transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy (LATE), hippocampal sclerosis, and primary age-related tauopathy.</p><p><strong>Latest developments: </strong>LATE neuropathologic change occurs in approximately 40% of autopsied older adults, including occurrences in isolation in some older individuals with amnestic cognitive impairment. LATE neuropathologic change is often, but not always, associated with hippocampal sclerosis (neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus and associated structures) and frequently coexists with AD and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Although there is no direct clinical biomarker for TDP-43 pathology, recent studies suggest that a clinical diagnosis of LATE can be achieved through the integration of multiple data points. Primary age-related tauopathy refers to the pathologic finding (in some cognitively unimpaired older adults as well as some individuals with cognitive impairment) of medial temporal-predominant neurofibrillary tangles in the absence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Recent consensus frameworks have attempted to resolve ambiguities of nomenclature and diagnosis for these entities, and efforts toward in vivo biomarkers are ongoing.</p><p><strong>Essential points: </strong>LATE, with or without hippocampal sclerosis, and primary age-related tauopathy belong in the differential diagnosis (along with AD, argyrophilic grain disease, and other disorders) for slowly progressive amnestic-predominant cognitive impairment, particularly in individuals older than 75 years. Accurate recognition of clinical and diagnostic test features supportive of these non-AD entities is vital to optimize patient counseling, therapeutic selection, and novel biomarker development.</p>","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":"1726-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Objectives and Core Competencies.","authors":"","doi":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000001512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":"1574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lewy Body Dementia.","authors":"James E Galvin","doi":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001496","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an umbrella term describing two closely related conditions: Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). LBD is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia but is often underrecognized in clinical practice. This review covers the key epidemiologic, clinical, cognitive, behavioral, and biomarker features of LBD and discusses current treatment options.</p><p><strong>Latest developments: </strong>Indicative biomarkers of LBD improve the ability to make a diagnosis and include single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the dopamine system (brain) and the noradrenergic system (cardiac), and polysomnography. α-Synuclein-specific biomarkers in spinal fluid, skin, plasma, and brain imaging are in active development with some available for clinical use. Prodromal stages of PDD and DLB have been contextualized, and diagnostic criteria have been published. An emerging theme is whether an integrated staging system focusing on protein aggregation, rather than clinical symptoms, may advance research efforts.</p><p><strong>Essential points: </strong>LBD is a common cause of cognitive impairment in older adults but is often subject to significant delays in diagnosis and treatment, increasing the burden on patients and family care partners. Understanding key features of disease and the use of biomarkers will improve recognition. Earlier detection may also facilitate the development of new therapeutics and enrollment in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":"1673-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SELF-ASSESSMENT AND CME.","authors":"","doi":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000001513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":"1875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical Presentations of Alzheimer Disease.","authors":"David Jones, Victoria Pelak, Emily Rogalski","doi":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001504","DOIUrl":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article provides a comprehensive review of the distinct features of four atypical Alzheimer disease (AD) variants: dysexecutive AD, behavioral variant AD, posterior cortical atrophy, and the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. It also elucidates their clinical presentations, underlying pathophysiologic pathways, diagnostic indicators, and management requirements.</p><p><strong>Latest developments: </strong>Recent research has revealed that these atypical AD forms vary not only in clinical manifestations but in their functional neuroanatomy spanning a common pathophysiologic spectrum. Imaging techniques, such as MRI, fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and tau PET, have identified distinct abnormalities in specific brain regions associated with each variant. This same variability is less tightly coupled to amyloid imaging. Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies should be tailored to each variant's unique features.</p><p><strong>Essential points: </strong>Atypical forms of AD often present with symptoms that are predominantly nonmemory related, distinguishing them from the more common memory-centric presentation of the disease. Two distinct clinical and pathologic entities, dysexecutive AD and behavioral variant AD, have replaced the outdated term frontal AD. Posterior cortical atrophy is another variant that mainly affects higher-order visual functions, which can lead to misdiagnoses because of its atypical symptom profile. Logopenic primary progressive aphasia is marked by difficulties in word retrieval, a challenge that may not be readily apparent if the person compensates by using circumlocution. Modern diagnostic techniques, such as MRI, PET, and biomarker analysis, have proven crucial for the accurate diagnosis and differentiation of these atypical AD variants. In treating these forms, it is critical to use tailored therapeutic interventions that combine pharmacotherapy with nonpharmacologic strategies to effectively manage the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":"1614-1641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Overview.","authors":"","doi":"10.1212/01.CON.0001095704.07466.fa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/01.CON.0001095704.07466.fa","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTRIBUTORS.","authors":"","doi":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000001498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"30 6","pages":"1576-1581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}