Journal of Carcinogenesis最新文献

{"title":"The impact of gender, race, socioeconomic status, and treatment on outcomes in esophageal cancer: A population-based analysis.","authors":"Phu N Tran,&nbsp;Thomas H Taylor,&nbsp;Samuel J Klempner,&nbsp;Jason A Zell","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_4_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_4_17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African Americans and Hispanics are reported to have higher mortality from esophageal cancer (EC) than Caucasians. In this study, we analyzed the independent effects of race, gender, treatment, and socioeconomic status (SES) on overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for all EC cases between 2004 and 2010 with follow-up through 2012 were obtained from the California Cancer Registry. We conducted descriptive analyses of clinical variables and survival analyses by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in the lower SES strata and less likely to receive surgery than Caucasians in this cohort. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy was similar across different racial/ethnic groups. After adjustment for stage, grade, histology, treatments, and SES in multivariate analyses, the mortality risk in African Americans (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.07) and Hispanics (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.89-1.07) did not differ from Caucasians (HR = 1.00, referent), with histology, SES, and surgery largely accounting for unadjusted OS differences. We also observed that African American men had higher adjusted risk of death relative to Caucasian men (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.42), but this effect was not observed for African American women compared to Caucasian women (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.94-1.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Race is not an independent risk factor for OS in our population-based analysis of EC cases. Rather, observed differences in OS by race/ethnicity result from differences in cancer histology, SES, surgery, and gender. Our findings support further health disparities research for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"16 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5615860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35569623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinase 13 gene expression in the evaluation of radiation response in oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Shankar Sharan Singh, Madan Lal Brahma Bhatt, Vandana Singh Kushwaha, Anshuman Singh, Rajendra Kumar, Rajeev Gupta, Devendra Parmar","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_5_16","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_5_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) is a member of collagenase family and it is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membrane protein. It is thought to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Elevated MMP13 expression has been found in carcinoma of the breast, urinary bladder, head and neck and others. It is observed that MMP13 gene is also correlated with radiation response in OSCC (Oral squamous cell carcinoma) cell line based study. The present study correlates the MMP13 expressions with clinicopathological parameters and radiation response in OSCC patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The MMP13 mRNA levels were determined by employing qRT-PCR (real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed high expression of MMP13 mRNA in OSCC patients when compared with matched controls. Statistically significant up regulation of MMP13 mRNA expression was found in tobacco chewers, advanced T-stage (p < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). MMP13 mRNA levels were also elevated in non responders as compared to responders to radiation treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that indicates role of MMP13 in radiation response in OSCC patients and could be used as potential bio-marker for radiotherapy treatment in OSCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"16 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5490341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35159624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, etiology, and carcinogenesis.","authors":"Yezaz Ahmed Ghouri,&nbsp;Idrees Mian,&nbsp;Julie H Rowe","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_9_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_9_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the 1970s, the epidemic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has spread beyond the Eastern Asian predominance and has been increasing in Northern hemisphere, especially in the United States (US) and Western Europe. It occurs more commonly in males in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Among all cancers, HCC is one of the fastest growing causes of death in the US and poses a significant economic burden on healthcare. Chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus and alcohol accounts for the majority of HCC cases. Incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been on the risem and it has also been associated with the development of HCC. Its pathogenesis varies based on the underlying etiological factor although majority of cases develop in the setting of background cirrhosis. Carcinogenesis of HCC includes angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and tumor macroenvironment and microenvironment. There is a significant role of both intrinsic genetic risk factors and extrinsic influences such as alcohol or viral infections that lead to the development of HCC. Understanding its etiopathogenesis helps select appropriate diagnostic tests and treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"16 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5490340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35159623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The well-accepted notion that gene amplification contributes to increased expression still remains, after all these years, a reasonable but unproven assumption.","authors":"Yuping Jia,&nbsp;Lichan Chen,&nbsp;Qingwen Jia,&nbsp;Xixi Dou,&nbsp;Ningzhi Xu,&nbsp;Dezhong Joshua Liao","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.182809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.182809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Gene amplification causes overexpression\" is a longstanding and well-accepted concept in cancer genetics. However, raking the whole literature, we find only statistical analyses showing a positive correlation between gene copy number and expression level, but do not find convincing experimental corroboration for this notion, for most of the amplified oncogenes in cancers. Since an association does not need to be an actual causal relation, in our opinion, this widespread notion still remains a reasonable but unproven assumption awaiting experimental verification. </p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"15 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34574303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of serum and pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen, and cytokeratin 19 fragments in patients with effusion from nonsmall cell lung cancer","authors":"S. Sharma, S. Bhat, Vikas Chandel, Mayank Sharma, Pulkit Sharma, Sakul Gupta, Sashank Sharma, A. Bhat","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.170662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.170662","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To assess the diagnostic value of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin 19 fragments) in serum and pleural fluid in non small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Settings and Design: Two subsets of patients were recruited with lymphocytic exudative effusion, one subset constituted diagnosed patients of NSCLC with malignant pleural effusion and the other subset of constituted with Tubercular pleural effusion. Materials and Methods: CYFRA 21-1 and CEA levels were measured using Electrochemilumiscence Immunoassay (ECLIA). The test principle used the Sandwich method. For both the tests, results are determined via a calibration curve which is instrument specifically generated by 2 - point calibration and a master curve provided via reagent barcode. Statistical Analysis Used: All data are expressed as means ± SD and percentage. All the parametric variables were analysed by student-t test where as non parametric variables were compared by Mann-Whitney U-test Statistical significance was accepted for P values < 0.05. Software used were SPSS 11.5, and MS excel 2007. In order to compare the performance of the tumor markers, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and compared with area under the curve (AUC). The threshold for each marker was selected based on the best diagnostic efficacy having achieved equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity. Results: In cases serum CYFRA21-1 levels had mean value of 34.1 ± 29.9 with a range of 1.6-128.3 where as in controls serum CYFRA21-1 levels had mean value of 1.9 ± 1.0 with a range of 0.5–4.7. In cases serum CEA levels had mean value of 24.9 ± 47.3 with a range of 1.0, 267.9 where as in controls serum CEA levels had mean value of 1.9 ± 1.4 with a range of 0.2-6.8. The difference in the means of serum CYFRA 21-l (P = 0.000) and CEA (P = 0.046) were statistically significant. In cases pleural fluid CYFRA21-1 levels had mean value of 160.1 ± 177.1 with a range of 5.4–517.2 where as in controls pleural fluid CYFRA21-1 levels had mean value of 15.9 ± 5.7 with a range of 7.2-29.6. In cases CEA pleural fluid levels had mean value of 89.8 ± 207.4 with a range of 1.0–861.2 where as in controls CEA levels had mean value of 2.5 ± 2.3 with a range of 1–8.9. The difference in the means of CYERA 21-1 (P = 0.001) between cases and controls is statistically significant. Conclusions: CYFRA21-1 (serum - pleural fluid) is a sensitive marker for NSCLC with sensitivity of 96.7%, highest of any combination [Serum (CYFRA 21-1 - CEA). CEA (Serum + Pleural Fluid), Pleural Fluid (CYFRA 21-1 + CEA)] and specificity of 77.8%. Levels of CYFRA21-l (serum + pleural fluid) are increased in malignant pleural effusion, so it is better to be used in suspicious malignant pleural effusion showing negative cytology, particularly in the absence of a visible tumor and or unsuitability for invasive procedure.","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82100683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of genomics in eliminating health disparities.","authors":"Meghana V Kashyap,&nbsp;Michael Nolan,&nbsp;Marc Sprouse,&nbsp;Ranajit Chakraborty,&nbsp;Deanna Cross,&nbsp;Rhonda Roby,&nbsp;Jamboor K Vishwanatha","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.165158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.165158","url":null,"abstract":"The Texas Center for Health Disparities, a National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Center of Excellence, presents an annual conference to discuss prevention, awareness education, and ongoing research about health disparities both in Texas and among the national population. The 2014 Annual Texas Conference on Health Disparities brought together experts in research, patient care, and community outreach on the “Role of Genomics in Eliminating Health Disparities.” Rapid advances in genomics and pharmacogenomics are leading the field of medicine to use genetics and genetic risk to build personalized or individualized medicine strategies. We are at a critical juncture of ensuring such rapid advances benefit diverse populations. Relatively few forums have been organized around the theme of the role of genomics in eliminating health disparities. The conference consisted of three sessions addressing “Gene-Environment Interactions and Health Disparities,” “Personalized Medicine and Elimination of Health Disparities,” and “Ethics and Public Policy in the Genomic Era.” This article summarizes the basic science, clinical correlates, and public health data presented by the speakers.","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"14 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34060767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular pathways to therapeutics: Paradigms and challenges in oncology meeting report: Carcinogenesis 2015.","authors":"Ujjwala M Warawdekar,&nbsp;Pradnya Kowtal","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.157434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.157434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for the most effective therapy with minimum side effects has always been the goal of oncologists and efforts to develop such therapies through understanding disease mechanisms has been the focus of many basic scientists in cancer research, leading to a common interest of convergence. The 5(th) International Conference organized by the Carcinogenesis Foundation, USA and Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, India, was held between February 11(th) and 13(th) 2015, at ACTREC. During these proceedings, the scientific community engaged in oncology research discussed novel ideas emerging from the laboratory and their translation into improved clinical outcomes. However, the lack of major success in the genesis of novel cancer therapeutics that is safe and provides long-term relief to patients is a challenge that needs to be overcome. The focus of this meeting was to highlight these challenges and to encourage collaborations between scientists and clinicians and clearly a message through exemplary scientific contribution was conveyed to all the dedicated scientists and clinician that even if two decades of tireless work on a single idea does not generate a reliable and safe therapy, the combat to rein cancer must not cease. In this report we have communicated some of the outstanding work done in the areas of cancer therapeutics, biomarkers and prevention and described the salient observations associated with cancer stem cells in disease progression and some of the pathways implicated in tumor progression. </p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"14 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33397242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CRTC1 and BARX1 are associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Anna M J van Nistelrooij,&nbsp;Hetty A G M van der Korput,&nbsp;Linda Broer,&nbsp;Ronald van Marion,&nbsp;Mark I van Berge Henegouwen,&nbsp;Carel J van Noesel,&nbsp;Katharina Biermann,&nbsp;Manon C W Spaander,&nbsp;Hugo W Tilanus,&nbsp;J Jan B van Lanschot,&nbsp;Albert Hofman,&nbsp;André G Uitterlinden,&nbsp;Bas P L Wijnhoven,&nbsp;Winand N M Dinjens","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.157441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.157441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and Barrett's esophagus (BE) were identified; rs10419226 (CRTC1), rs11789015 (BARX1), rs2687201 (FOXP1), rs2178146 (FOXF1), rs3111601 (FOXF1), and rs9936833 (FOXF1). These findings indicate that genetic susceptibility could play a role in the initiation of EAC in BE patients. The aim of this study was to validate the association between these previously identified SNPs and the risk of EAC in an independent and large case-control study.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Six SNPs found to be associated with EAC and BE were genotyped by a multiplex SNaPshot analysis in 1071 EAC patients diagnosed and treated in the Netherlands. Allele frequencies were compared to a control group derived from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort study (n = 6206). Logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were performed to calculate odds ratios (OR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rs10419226 (CRTC1) showed a significantly increased EAC risk for the minor allele (OR = 1.17, P = 0.001), and rs11789015 (BARX1) showed a significantly decreased risk for the minor allele (OR = 0.85, P = 0.004) in the logistic regression analysis. The meta-analysis of the original GWAS and the current study revealed an improved level of significance for rs10419226 (CRTC1) (OR = 1.18, P = 6.66 × 10(-10)) and rs11789015 (BARX1) (OR = 0.83, P = 1.13 × 10(-8)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This independent and large Dutch case-control study confirms the association of rs10419226 (CRTC1) and rs11789015 (BARX1) with the risk of EAC. These findings suggest a contribution of the patient genetic make-up to the development of EAC and might contribute to gain more insight in the etiology of this cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"14 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33397244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic cystic neoplasms: Review of current knowledge, diagnostic challenges, and management options.","authors":"Tanima Jana,&nbsp;Jennifer Shroff,&nbsp;Manoop S Bhutani","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.153285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.153285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cystic lesions are being detected with increasing frequency, largely due to advances in cross-sectional imaging. The most common neoplasms include serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystic neoplasms, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are currently used as imaging modalities. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration has proved to be a useful diagnostic tool, and enables an assessment of tumor markers, cytology, chemistries, and DNA analysis. Here, we review the current literature on pancreatic cystic neoplasms, including classification, diagnosis, treatment, and recommendations for surveillance. Data for this manuscript was acquired via searching the literature from inception to December 2014 on PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE. </p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"14 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33171987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoledronic acid directly suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in highly tumorigenic prostate and breast cancers: Retraction.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.151965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.151965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article on p. 1 in vol. 10, PMID: 21297921.]. </p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"14 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4360551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33143390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}