Annales de Demographie Historique最新文献

{"title":"Réflexions autour des maladies héréditaires dans les traités médicaux des XIVe et XVe siècles","authors":"Laetitia Loviconi","doi":"10.3917/adh.137.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.137.0049","url":null,"abstract":"A la fin du Moyen Âge, un tres grand nombre d’ouvrages issus des medecines antique et arabe avait ete traduit en latin. Parmi ceux-ci figuraient le Canon de la medecine d’Avicenne et les Aphorismes attribues a Damascene. Ces œuvres contiennent une distinction des maladies hereditaires sur la base de leur mode de transmission. Elles fournissent des exemples de maladies considerees comme telles ou fixent les categories de maladies et lieux affectes qui s’y rattacheraient davantage. A partir de ces conceptions cohabitant avec les heritages aristotelicien et galenique, des medecins des xive et xve siecles, commentateurs du Canon ou auteurs de Practicae, ont approfondi la question des agents de transmission hereditaire des maladies. Ils y ont repondu le plus souvent par l’evocation d’une macule spermatique, avec parfois un haut degre de precision dans la reflexion sur la nature necessaire et/ou suffisante de celle-ci qui permit de faire emerger des differences entre l’heritage potentiel ou effectif des maladies hereditaires et des variations dans leurs manifestations, en lien avec le concept de disposition hereditaire a une maladie. Dans ces reflexions sur l’heredite, la place du sang fut egalement notable, en tant que le sang menstruel infecte fut tantot evoque comme un possible vecteur de maladies hereditaires, tantot nettement mis a distance de celles-ci par des auteurs faisant de la corruption du sang menstruel un facteur de maladies apparues in utero sans que les parents en soient affectes. Par d’autres aspects, les reflexions sur les maladies hereditaires conduisirent a des convergences entre questions relevant de la pathologie et de la physiologie. Ainsi en fut-il des discussions qui viserent a rendre compte du lien suppose entre chronicite et heredite des maladies et qui s’integrerent dans les reflexions sur la distinction entre caracteres naturels ou essentiels et accidentels. En revanche, les ouvrages etudies presentent une grande diversite de conceptions et d’argumentations dans les approfondissements par lesquels les medecins de la fin du Moyen Âge porterent leur attention sur l’heredite des maladies maternelles et sur l’implication du lieu affecte quant a l’heritabilite de la maladie mise en relation avec les mecanismes de production du sperme.","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70370163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction : pour un dialogue entre démographie historique et histoire sociale","authors":"F. Cahen, Lionel Kesztenbaum","doi":"10.3917/adh.138.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.138.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70370821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enfant à naître, conçu, posthume : la filiation entre droit et biologie (France XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)","authors":"S. Perrier","doi":"10.3917/adh.137.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.137.0075","url":null,"abstract":"Dans la France de l’Ancien Regime, il existait des mecanismes juridiques permettant d’etablir un lien de filiation fictif et temporaire entre un enfant concu, mais non encore ne, et son defunt pere dans le but de proteger son heritage – son heredite au sens ancien – en attendant l’acquisition de la personnalite juridique a sa naissance. Les causes jugees, rapportees dans les œuvres de juristes, font etat de toute la difficulte d’application de regles de droit qui ne pouvaient etre dissociees de leurs dimensions biologiques et sociales, revelant en cela une conception complexe de la filiation qui remet en perspective les debats de societe actuels sur ces questions. La legislation royale au xviiie siecle a raffermi le controle de l’Etat sur la transmission du patrimoine familial par une serie d’ordonnances, dont celle sur les donations qui fait ici l’objet d’une attention particuliere en raison de ses dispositions sur les enfants concus mais non nes. Les commentaires des juristes sur la nouvelle loi ont revele une rhetorique juridique qui associe le sang a l’heritage en ligne direct par l’entremise d’emotions validees par la morale chretienne et les prescriptions etatiques, rhetorique sentimentale qui a ses racines dans la tradition juridique mais qui trouve son public au siecle des Lumieres.","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70370174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La prénomination des enfants sans vie sur les registres de l’état civil français. Vers une réduction de leur liminarité ?","authors":"P. Charrier, G. Clavandier","doi":"10.3917/adh.137.0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.137.0217","url":null,"abstract":"Depuis le milieu des annees 1990, les enfants sans vie peuvent etre enregistres a l’etat civil. Laissee a l’appreciation de leurs « parents », cette declaration participe a l’emergence d’un processus de reconnaissance et d’individualisation. Malgre tout, il est incomplet dans le sens ou l’acquisition de la personnalite juridique est impossible. Cette declaration resterait donc orientee vers l’accompagnement du processus de deuil. Neanmoins, l’acte de prenommer ces « enfants sans vie » depasse la stricte sphere familiale pour s’inscrire dans un registre institutionnel, l’etat civil reconnaissant officiellement le projet parental. Au-dela des denominations que les « parents » peuvent donner a cet « enfant », nous verrons que les prenoms releves dans les registres d’etat civil sont globalement conformes au stock usuellement utilise pour les enfants nes vivants. Ainsi, la prenomination revient a reduire la liminarite de ces enfants sans vie.","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70370810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social space and family reproduction among Quebec City leather workers in 1911","authors":"Marie-Ève Harton, L. Richard, R. Marcoux, Marc St-Hilaire","doi":"10.3917/adh.138.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.138.0055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70370868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fécondité différentielle au début du XXe siècle selon la classe sociale des femmes. Les cas de la Belgique et de la France","authors":"M. Bourguignon, Sandra Brée, T. Eggerickx, Jean-Paul Sanderson","doi":"10.3917/adh.138.0179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.138.0179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70370927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les voix discordantes du sang : la maladie hémolytique du nouveau-né, une maladie familiale (XIXe siècle-années 1930)","authors":"N. Sage-Pranchère","doi":"10.3917/adh.137.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.137.0153","url":null,"abstract":"Pathologie a l’etiologie tardivement comprise, la maladie hemolytique du nouveau-ne, qui decoule d’une incompatibilite sanguine entre mere et fœtus, se constitue progressivement en objet nosologique au cours de la premiere moitie du xxe siecle. Maladie rare mais a la mortalite tres elevee, elle devient au cours de cette periode une preoccupation medicale recurrente. Cet article vise a mettre en evidence la construction d’un objet scientifique mais aussi l’emergence d’un probleme socio-medical qui frappe, en serie, les nouveau-nes d’une meme famille. L’objet de cette etude est de saisir l’evolution des questionnements medicaux face a une pathologie qui se definit a la fois par son inclusion dans une symptomatologie plus vaste (les icteres et, plus particulierement, ceux des nouveau-nes ; les anemies de la petite enfance ; les œdemes) et par sa singularite (une maladie unique a multiples facettes). L’article soulignera en outre la montee en puissance d’un critere aussi saillant qu’a priori non medical : la « familialite », considere comme un « caractere predominant » de la maladie et qui doit se comprendre en fonction du cadre d’elaboration des savoirs sur cette pathologie et du rapport entre le corps medical et les familles concernees.","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70370306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doctors and the causes of neonatal death in Scotland in the second half of the nineteenth century.","authors":"Alice Reid,&nbsp;Eilidh Garrett","doi":"10.3917/adh.123.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.123.0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines causes of neonatal death in two contrasting Scottish communities in the second half of the nineteenth century. Individual death certificates allow comparison of the causes as recorded by different doctors and by lay informants. The paper finds that doctors almost always offer a medical-sounding cause of death, but that causes offered by individual doctors varied according to the nature of their practice, developments in medical terminology, and individual preference. Lay people were much more likely to offer no cause at all, or to suggest a non-medical term. Large percentages of deaths in the not-known category can therefore indicate poor medical provision, and are more likely to be found in remote rural areas and may be accompanied by an under-registration of very early neonatal infant deaths and their corresponding births, and by 'disguise' of certain causes of death. The paper examines the unusual age pattern of neonatal deaths on Skye and concludes that, although there is no mention of neonatal tetanus in the death registers, there is a substantial probability that the disease was present on the island. Comparisons of cause-of-death statistics between places and over time should therefore be made with extreme caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"2012 1","pages":"149-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4496880/pdf/emss-63914.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34281592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF KINSHIP NETWORKS ON OLD-AGE VULNERABILITY IN INDONESIA.","authors":"Elisabeth Schröder-Butterfill","doi":"10.3917/adh.110.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.110.0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the problem of care provision for elderly people in Java, a contemporary developing society characterised by lack of formal welfare services, nuclear family organisation and high levels of childlessness. A similar socio-demographic, cultural and economic regime existed in historical Northwest Europe, where it has been seen as having contributed to the early emergence of community based old-age care and low involvement of wider kin networks. Here the role of kin in providing old-age care in a nuclear family system is re-examined by drawing on longitudinal data of elderly people's life histories and support networks in a village in East Java. The central argument is that the identification of elders most vulnerable to a lack of care and support in old age requires understanding the nature and functioning of kin networks over time. The paper discusses three key aspects of networks-network membership, exchanges within networks and network dynamics-and arrives at a characterisation of different kin networks on the basis of size, composition, location and social status. By focusing on the effects of a specific crisis, namely the loss of a wife, on care outcomes in old age, it is possible to determine what kinds of kin networks are best able to adjust to a sudden change in older people's circumstances and protect them from declines in welfare. This reveals the importance, especially for childless elderly people, of extended, heterogeneous and well-connected kin networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":"2 2","pages":"139-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3672839/pdf/nihms-1022.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31493422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Toward social integration? The marriage of abandoned children in 19th-century Lyons].","authors":"Guy Brunet,&nbsp;Alain Bideau,&nbsp;Marie-Nolwenn Gerbe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52444,"journal":{"name":"Annales de Demographie Historique","volume":" 2","pages":"161-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26523318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}