International journal of addiction nursing最新文献

{"title":"Suffering Among People With Substance Use Disorders Receiving Long-Term Outpatient Addiction Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Jackie F M Middeldorp, Esther Krijnen de Bruin, Sebastiaan O Verboeket, T van der Ploeg, Victor J A Buwalda, Berno van Meijel","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People receiving long-term treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently experience psychological and physical problems that contribute to suffering, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality.</p><p><strong>Aim/question: </strong>This study explored the extent of suffering experienced by individuals receiving long-term treatment for SUDs and examined associations with biological, psychological, and social factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 89 adults receiving long-term outpatient treatment for SUDs in specialized addiction care. Suffering, physical complaints, and self-management were assessed using the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure, the Utrecht Somatic Screening List, and the Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13), respectively. Descriptive and regression analyses examined associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suffering varied across domains. In multivariable regression analyses, a higher number of physical complaints was associated with greater psychological suffering (B = -0.22, p = .010). Women had higher Self-Illness Separation scores for pain (B = 1.51, p = .012) and physical health (B = 1.88, p = .001), indicating lower suffering in these domains. These gender-related findings should be interpreted with caution given the small number of female participants.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Physical complaints may be an important marker of broader suffering in this population. Gender differences warrant further investigation.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The cross-sectional design does not allow causal inferences to be drawn. Consequently, the observed associations should be interpreted with caution. A small number of women and missing data limit generalizability and statistical power.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Systematic assessment of physical complaints may support recognition of suffering and facilitate holistic care.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>Further research is needed before firm conclusions regarding gender-sensitive care can be drawn.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription Stimulant Use and Misuse Among Nursing Students: A Survey Study.","authors":"Sandra M Estes, Graham J McDougall, Lori L Davis, Charlotte K Cease, Marietta P Stanton","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to be a serious public health burden associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse ranges from 8% to 10.4% in the nursing student population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study had multiple aims: (a) to identify the use and misuse of prescription stimulants; (b) to investigate if relations exist between particular variables and stimulant use; and (c) to determine motives for stimulant use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous internet survey was emailed to members of a nursing student organization inquiring about the use of prescription stimulants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 88 respondents, 55.7% reported no use, 13.6% reported appropriate use of prescribed stimulants, 11.4% reported misuse of prescribed stimulants, and 19.3% reported nonmedical prescription use. There was a statistically significant difference in grade point averages (F(3, 87) = 2.93, p = .038); membership in PanHellenic society (χ2(1, n = 29) = 4.93, p =.026); and employment status (χ2(1, n = 29) = 5.15, p = .023) between groups with appropriate use and nonmedical prescription use. Nursing students had similar motivations to findings in other studies, such as to increase energy following a late night of activities, study longer, and increase their academic edge against the competition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study contributes unique knowledge to the evolving literature regarding substance use and abuse in the nursing student population. The education of nursing students might include awareness of their vulnerabilities, recognition, and actions for individuals suspected of stimulant misuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Study of Cannabis Use Reduction and Associated Functional Outcomes.","authors":"Jean C Beckham, Terrell A Hicks, Patrick S Calhoun, Michelle F Dennis, Angela C Kirby, Jeffrey Hertzberg, Paul Dennis, Alan Budney, Nathan A Kimbrel","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Interventions for cannabis use disorder often reduce the frequency and quantity of use, but rarely achieve sustained abstinence. It remains unclear whether reductions in use (rather than sustained abstinence) result in meaningful improvements in functioning. This study evaluated whether cannabis reductions among individuals with heavy use were associated with improvements in functional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized controlled trial with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and repeated daily biological verification of cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-nine individuals were randomized to a mobile contingency management (mCM) intervention or a yoked control condition. Participants completed 2 weeks of EMA during a baseline ad lib cannabis use period, followed by a 6-week reduction period. Participants completed EMA assessments multiple times per day and were prompted to complete videotaped saliva cannabis testing 2-3 times daily.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group × time interactions indicated that participants randomly assigned to the mCM condition demonstrated significant functional improvements in drugged driving and working memory. The results for positive and negative affect and pain were less clear, and there was no detected change in physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that among individuals with heavy cannabis use, significantly reducing, but not abstaining from, cannabis was associated with decreased drugged driving and improved working memory; however, more research is needed, as the relatively short duration of the study may have limited our ability to detect longer-term functional changes. This study is among the first to demonstrate that significant reductions in cannabis use can result in significant short-term improvements in drugged driving and working memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSIST-Linked Brief Intervention (ALBI) for Reducing Robacco Use Among Male Security Personnel in North India: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Kajol Khurana, Jaison Joseph, Rajeshwari Devi, Sidharth Arya, Sunita Kumari","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Screening and brief intervention have been identified as effective strategies for reducing harmful substance use and its related consequences. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the WHO Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)-linked brief intervention (ALBI) in reducing risky tobacco use among male security service personnel employed at a tertiary care hospital in North India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted in two sequential stages. Stage I involved ASSIST-based screening, and in stage II, moderate- or high-risk ASSIST scores and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence scores were considered the baseline assessment. The intervention group received face-to-face ALBI based on the WHO ASSIST manual, while the control group received general health information. Both groups were followed up on days 15, 45, and 90 using ASSIST and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 600 participants screened, 95 were randomized, and 86 completed follow-ups. The prevalence of moderate-to-high-risk tobacco use was 23.75% (95/400), and both study groups were comparable at baseline (p > .05). The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in ASSIST scores across follow-up assessments compared with the control group, with a significant group × time interaction effect (F = 47.92, p = .001, effect size = 0.340). A significant reduction in tobacco dependence was observed in the intervention group on day 15 (χ2 = 9.66, p = .008) and day 45 (χ2 = 6.10, p = .047), although the effect declined by day 90 (χ2 = 5.7, p = .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ALBI was effective in reducing risky tobacco use among security guard personnel in this setting. Further trials are recommended to establish its effectiveness in routine workplace settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Conditions Model: The Case for a Recovery-Informed Regulatory Response to Nurses With Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders in Australia.","authors":"Diane Gellatly, Adam Searby","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Australia's regulatory response to nurses with substance use disorder (SUD) defaults to conditions and surveillance-a framework built around compliance and risk containment rather than recovery. This perspective paper argues that this \"conditions-based\" model is not only clinically misaligned but counterproductive: it deters early help-seeking, causes measurable psychological harm, and drives workforce attrition at a time when Australia cannot afford to lose experienced nurses. Drawing on international evidence for Alternative to Discipline programs and Australia's own harm minimization policy framework, the paper argues for a recovery-informed regulatory response to SUD in nursing. Such a model rests on three principles: viewing SUD as a treatable health condition, pairing structured accountability with genuine therapeutic support, and making confidentiality a structural precondition for early disclosure. The paper then introduces recovery as ethical work, arguing that recovery does not precede professional re-engagement but constitutes it. The reflective practice, accountability, and supervision the profession requires of every nurse are not suspended in addiction and restored by recovery; they are disconnected from practice and then deliberately reconnected. A nurse working a genuine recovery process is doing the ethical work the profession already requires. This reconceptualization has direct implications for how nursing regulation understands the relationship between recovery and professional standing, and why a recovery-informed model fulfills professional standards rather than lowering them. The paper's central proposition is that public safety is best achieved not through punitive surveillance, but through supported accountability that encourages early disclosure, sustained recovery, and safe professional practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kratom Use in Primary Care: A Nurse Practitioner Case Study and Clinical Considerations.","authors":"Mary Ellen Biggerstaff, Kim Miker","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and successful management of kratom withdrawal syndrome in a primary care setting, and to highlight the need for increased clinical awareness of this emerging substance use disorder.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single case report.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical case description of a 42-year-old male presenting with acute withdrawal symptoms after abrupt cessation of long-term kratom use. The patient's clinical course, differential diagnoses, treatment approaches, and response to buprenorphine/naloxone therapy are documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient presented with severe insomnia, restlessness, anxiety, and agitation after stopping kratom. Initial symptomatic treatments (lorazepam, quetiapine) were ineffective. After psychiatric consultation and treatment as opioid withdrawal with buprenorphine/naloxone, the patient experienced rapid symptom resolution with a limited medication course and no relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Kratom withdrawal presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in primary care due to limited clinical awareness, lack of standardized assessment tools, and absence of treatment guidelines. This case underscores the importance of considering kratom in differential diagnoses of unexplained withdrawal symptoms, the effectiveness of opioid-based treatment approaches, and the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration, enhanced clinical education, and evidence-based protocols to manage emerging substance use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withdrawal, Treatment Completion, and Patient-Directed Discharge: A Bacchi-Informed Discourse Analysis for Addiction Nursing.","authors":"Roison Andro Narvaez, Ralph Antonio Peco, Marilane Ferrer","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000722","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine how recent clinical guidance and literature represent patient-directed discharge among hospitalized adults with opioid use disorder and to consider the implications of these representations for addiction nursing.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A Bacchi-informed discourse analysis of practice-oriented texts concerning hospital care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A focused literature search identified five practice-oriented texts. Bacchi-informed analysis examined problem representations, assumptions, actor positions, silences, possible effects, and alternative framings. Empirical and nursing studies were examined separately as contextual evidence and were not part of the primary discourse corpus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four connected representations of patient-directed discharge were evident: failure to complete recommended treatment, a consequence of insufficiently treated withdrawal or pain, a quality and governance outcome, and an expression of patient autonomy. Treatment-completion language foregrounded clinical risk but could obscure conditions preceding departure from hospital care. Withdrawal and pain framings relocated responsibility toward timely, adequate treatment. Governance language made patient-directed discharge measurable but compressed a complex encounter, whereas autonomy language protected the patient's right to refuse treatment but could obscure how withdrawal, stigma, restrictive routines, outside responsibilities, and mistrust constrained the available choices. Across the corpus, responsibility extended beyond the patient to respectful communication, harm reduction, and continuity of care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addiction nursing can reframe patient-directed discharge as a signal of unmet clinical, relational, or structural needs rather than a patient characteristic. Retention remains important, but safe care also requires early withdrawal and pain treatment, nursing and team attention to whether continued care is tolerable, and a protective transition when a patient chooses to leave hospital care.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of Evidence-Based Treatments for Opioid Use Disorders for Older Adults in the Deep South.","authors":"Mercy Ngosa Mumba, George T Mugoya, Jessica Jaiswal, Chuong Bui, Jeremiah Matthews, Fatima Leghari, Catherine Carlson, Sharlene Newman","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The opioid crisis has resulted in 16 million individuals worldwide suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD). OUD affects more than one million older adults in America, highlighting the need to understand the treatment services available to this population. Although evidence-based treatments exist, there is a gap in their availability and accessibility for older adults. Despite many substance use prevention and recovery programs focusing on youth and young adults, older adults with OUD have unique needs that are often not met at traditional substance use facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the availability of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs tailored specifically for older adults in five southeastern states (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, and Mississippi) in the U.S. data were collected from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services and analyzed to identify the number and characteristics of facilities offering treatment for OUD and medications to treat SUD. χ2 tests were used to compare facilities with and without older adult programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data show that only 20% of the facilities providing treatment in the five states had programs tailored specifically for older adults. Alabama had the lowest proportion (16%) of facilities with services tailored for older adults. The availability of medications for OUD treatment was statistically different between facilities that treated older adults compared to those that did not.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study highlights the urgent need for expanding the quantity and quality of substance use treatment systems in rural, underserved areas and emphasizes the importance of creating more programs that focus on serving older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149032869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Experiences of Courtesy Stigma for Registered Nurses at Supervised Consumption Sites: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Study.","authors":"Krista Phelps, Jennifer Jackson","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefits of supervised consumption sites (SCS) for people who use drugs (PWUDs), and their experiences with stigma, are well documented. However, less attention has been given to the stigma that may be experienced by registered nurses (RNs) working in these settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the lens of Goffman's stigma theory and interpretive phenomenological analysis in this study. We conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with nurses about their experiences of courtesy stigma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We interviewed five RNs who worked at SCS across Canada. We created five themes: 1) Deer in the Headlights: The Mystery of the SCS RN Role; 2) Slap in the Face: Consequences of Courtesy Stigma for SCS RNs; 3) Poking the Bear: SCS RNs Predicting Negative Reactions; 4) The Uphill Battle: Resisting Courtesy Stigma for SCS RNs; and 5) Fighting Back: Advocacy and Social Justice in SCS RN Nursing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Misconceptions about the SCS RN role manifested in courtesy stigma, shaping nurses' social relationships, disclosure practices, and professional identities. However, these nurses responded with resilience, as courtesy stigma reinforced their commitment to harm reduction, advocacy, and social justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Standards, Competency Models, and Curricula of Nursing Education and Training in Addiction Nursing: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Vendula Pokorná, Anna Volfová, Amalie Lososová, Charon Burda, Dana Murphy-Parker, Carmel Clancy, Michal Miovský","doi":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000646","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JAN.0000000000000646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nursing profession is crucial to both the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders. Higher education in nursing in the field of addiction varies among countries, and the quality of these programs also differs. It is of vital importance to observe how professional capacity and quality care in addiction nursing (AN) are being secured. The objective of this scoping review was to explore educational interventions (EI) within AN, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, with a focus on describing the curricula, key competencies, quality standards, and the competency models that underpin these programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review of articles was conducted, focusing on nursing education and training programs in addictions. The aim was to detect sources that are consistent with the criteria and methodology based on the PRISMA-ScR protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews). Applicable papers were identified using the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, and SCOPUS. Subsequently, titles and abstracts were reviewed independently for relevance. Full texts of relevant papers (N = 39) were examined and analyzed for curricula, quality standards, and competency models of nursing education and training in addictions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This scoping review examines and analyzes EI in AN, with a focus on curricula, key competencies, quality standards, and the competency models that they are based on. Curricula, competencies, and quality standards descriptions were limited. Competencies were generally discussed in relation to training modules and course objectives rather than being explicitly defined. Within the curricula, methods and time allocation were outlined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The articles on EI in AN did not offer an in-depth description of curricula, competencies, and quality standards. A greater focus on these aspects of EI in AN is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":524201,"journal":{"name":"International journal of addiction nursing","volume":"37 3","pages":"E60-E101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148964237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}