Folia medica Cracoviensia最新文献

{"title":"Cannabis sativa in the fight against drug-resistant bacteria and fungi.","authors":"Sabina Gałka","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156701","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug resistance in bacteria and fungi is a global threat to public health. The purpose of this publication is to review the latest scientific achievements, mainly from 2020-2025, concerning the use of hemp compounds from Cannabis sativa in combating drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections. The literature review confirms that C.sativa, a plant with a documented centuries-old therapeutic history, is a rich source of cannabinoids and terpenes that combat drug-resistant bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and fungi: Cryptococcus neoformans, as well as species from the Candida and Aspergillus. The potential of hemp compounds is based on their activity in interacting directly with pathogens by disrupting cell membrane integrity, eradicating biofilm, having a bactericidal effect on bacterial spores, acting synergistically, affecting host inflammatory pathways, and the human endocannabinoid system.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and severity of depressive disorders in people aged 18-25.","authors":"Alicja Kamińska, Kinga Dziedzic, Patrycja Zurzycka, Katarzyna Wojtas","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156702","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The occurrence of depressive disorders with a varied clinical picture and intensity of symptoms among young people has been confirmed by numerous studies. Their dynamic development during a period of life full of changes and related activities directs efforts towards their early detection, identification of risk factors, and preventive measures. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of depressive disorders among people aged 18-25.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey among 236 young people using the Beck Depression Inventory and the author's questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15.68% of the respondents admitted to having diagnosed depressive disorders, while the results based on the Beck Depression Inventory indicated moderate depression in 54.66% of the respondents and severe depression in 13.98%. The severity of depressive symptoms was associated with the presence of mental and somatic symptoms, female gender, stress related to family and social life, studying or working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and substance abuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Depressive disorders of varying severity occur among young people in the study and are associated with many factors. Due to the consequences of depressive disorders, there is a need for preventive measures aimed at promoting knowledge and therapeutic measures to facilitate recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premature ovarian insufficiency: decoding oxidative stress, metabolic pathways, epigenetic regulation, and the therapeutic role of yoga.","authors":"Rejesh Kumar, Dibakar Borthakur, Rima Dada","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156696","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous multifactorial disorder characterized by amenorrhoea, hypoestrogenism and elevated serum gonadotropins in women below 40 years. Genetic predisposition, infections, iatrogenic, autoimmune conditions and endocrinopathies are few of the known causes of POI, but majority cases of POI are idiopathic which is attributed to be due to environmental factors, epigenetic changes, oxidative DNA damage or faulty DNA repair mechanisms. These epigenetic changes and cumulative oxidative DNA damage can pass transgenerationally to subsequent generations. Management of POI involves hormone replacement to alleviate the symptoms of hypoestrogenism and in some cases treatment for infertility, comorbid stress and depression. The broad spectrum of decreased quality of life and psychosocial impact of the medical condition is less often addressed. Lifestyle modification and yoga can act as adjunct therapy in conjunction with the standard treatment protocol to alleviate the stress, anxiety and depression. YBLI exerts immunomodulatory effects and provides a natural way to decrease oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, restoring hormonal normality and in turn protect accelerated oocyte atresia.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of platelet-antibody interactions using ultrasound-induced chemiluminescence.","authors":"Anna Lizoń, Wiktoria Walawska, Monika Papież, Jakub Merak, Wirgina Krzyściak","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156698","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) presents a significant clinical challenge, often requiring specialized diagnostic and donor-matching strategies. Existing immunoassays detect anti-platelet antibodies but do not assess their functional impact.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using ultrasound-induced chemiluminescence (UICL) as a functional assay to detect interactions between platelet concentrates (PCs) and selected antibodies (anti-HLA and ABO antibodies).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Native and antibody-exposed PCs were analyzed using luminol-based chemiluminescence following high-frequency ultrasound stimulation. The signal intensity, reflecting reactive oxygen species production, was measured and standardized using an activation index. Microscopic, cytometric, and hematologic assessments were performed to validate platelet activation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Native PCs present low spontaneous chemiluminescence, which increase approximately tenfold upon ultrasound stimulation. The presence of anti-platelet antibodies additionally enhances the chemiluminescence signal following ultrasound activation. Using a quantitative activation index allows for comparison of platelet-antibody interactions and differentiation of compatible versus incompatible PCs. The lower the activation index, the better the antigenic match between the donor platelets and the patient's immune system. The method correlates with conventional HLA matching techniques (e.g., flow cytometry) and may support the selection of compatible PCs for alloimmunized patients. Morphological and volumetric changes confirm platelet activation post-sonication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UICL is a rapid, sensitive, and functionally informative method for assessing platelet-antibody interactions. It holds promise as a complementary or alternative approach to traditional immunologic testing in the management of immune-mediated PTR and may enhance transfusion decision-making, especially in settings where immunogenetic data are limited or time-sensitive.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"53-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational insights into oxysterols: MD and DFT applications in pharmaceutical research.","authors":"Jan Kobierski, Michał Świątek, Wojciech Jawień","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156699","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxysterols, the oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, are biologically active molecules involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Small structural changes in the cholesterol backbone (such as additional hydroxyl or keto groups on the sterol rings or side chain) dramatically alter their biological effects, ranging from beneficial roles in cholesterol homeostasis and antiviral acivity to harmful contributions to diseases like atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have emerged as powerful tools to investigate these molecules at an atomic level. By complementing experimental studies, computational approaches reveal how oxysterols interact with membrane lipids, providing mechanistic insight into their function. This review highlights key findings from MD and DFT studies on various oxysterols - including 7-hydroxycholesterol epimers, 7-ketocholesterol, 22-hydroxycholesterol epimers, 24(S)-, 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol - in the context of pharmaceutical and medical research. We discuss how these methods uncovered differences in orientation, hydration, and intermolecular interactions of oxysterols in model membranes, lipid rafts, and complexes, explaining phenomena such as membrane domain destabilization or stabilization, rapid transbilayer \"flip-flop\" translocation, and stereochemistry-dependent biological activity. Understanding these molecular details is crucial for pharmacists and medical researchers, as it connects oxysterol structure-function relationships to their roles as potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or bioactive compounds involved in disease pathophysiology. Computational chemistry thus provides a valuable complement to experimental pharmacology, enabling the prediction of oxysterol behavior in biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"87-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population developmental hazard of over-the-counter NSAIDs.","authors":"Franciszek Burdan, Maciej Burdan, Maja Potępa, Przemysław Kucharski","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156709","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Over-the-counter (OTC) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, i.e., aspirin, diclofenac, dipyrone, ibuprofen, naproxen) and paracetamol are commonly ingested medications during pregnancy that for a long time were classified as relatively safe for mothers and fetuses.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The review focuses on developmental toxicity of OTC NSAIDs.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Same epidemiological studies show that OTC antipyretics and painkillers may increase risk of spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm constriction of ductus arteriosus with secondary persistent pulmonary hypertension, reduced fetal renal perfusion that leads to oligohydramion, prolonged pregnancy, as well as selected congenital anomalies, including orofacial cleft, cardiovascular (i.e. ventricular septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis) and neural tube defects (i.e., anophthalmia/microphthalmia, encephalocele, spina bifida), amniotic bands/limb body wall defects, and transverse limb deficiencies. However, other reports prove high prenatal tolerability or even beneficial effect in case of selected maternal sicknesses, especially influenza or disease with fever and thrombotic complications. The best advice for pregnant women is to avoid any xenobiotic, especially multidrug therapy, but in case OTC NSAIDs are needed they should be ingested in lowest effective dose under physician consultation. After gestational week 20, NSAIDs could be ingested with caution and withdrawn at gestational week 32, since they may induce constriction of the ductus arteriosus and affect renal function. The only exception is low-dose of aspirin, ingestion of which should be stopped one week before delivery with epidural anesthesia or could be prolonged until the end of pregnancy in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"199-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General principles of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with emporomandibular disorders.","authors":"Małgorzata Pihut, Magdalena Orczykowska, Andrzej Gala, Grzegorz Osmenda, Małgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156706","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition affecting a growing population of people worldwide. It is an etiologically, diagnostically and therapeutically challenging condition. The aim of this article was to present difficult and important subjects for doctors, who are less experienced yet but who are treating patients with TMD. This article presents modern general methods for treating patients with temporomandibular disorders. The principles of treatment are described on the basis of the author's more than 30 years of clinical experience and taking into account the contemporary literature describing this issue. The therapeutic management of the use of appliances called occlusal splints is characterized, and the importance of stopping the pathological habits of clenching or grinding teeth is described. In addition, procedures such as intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A and intraarticular injections of hyaluronic acid have been described. Additionally, the physiotherapeutic procedures used, such as laser biostimulation, sonophoresis, postisometric muscle relaxation, or manual therapy, and the need for psychotherapeutic support are described. The description of the procedures includes valuable tips for each of the sections of primary and supportive treatment of TMD. This article highlights all the necessary steps in the treatment of this group of patients and offers an overview of the methods. This paper highlights the most innovative methods that are currently used in the treatment of TMD. The use of the described methods guarantees therapeutic progress and pain relief. In addition, the article explains the importance of psychological support due to the predominant etiological factors of TMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}