Folia medica Cracoviensia最新文献

{"title":"Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy - a disease that ends athletic careers.","authors":"Agnieszka Skrzypek, Ian Perera, Marta Szeliga","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/fmc.2026.158988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, commonly detected between the second and fifth decades of life, is caused by mutations that result in the dysfunction of the junctions between cardiomyocytes. However, in 40% of patients, the causative mutation cannot be identified. The detection of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is particularly important in endurance athletes, as dangerous ventricular arrhythmias and symptoms of heart failure occur at a younger age in this patient group. The course of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy involves four stages: no macroscopic changes in the myocardium, clinically overt ARVC, progressive dysfunction of the right ventricle and subsequently the left ventricle and end-stage. Transthoracic echocardiography is a widely available cardiac imaging study. This examination allows for the visualization of segmental or global wall motion abnormalities of the right ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, supplemented by late gadolinium enhancement, is the preferred examination for patients with suspected arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. An alternative diagnostic study in cases of contraindications is multidetector-row computed tomography. Once a diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is established, it is recommended to cease sports participation. Only moderate recreational physical activity is permissible.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"66 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haddad Syndrome - more than don't forget to breathe.","authors":"Katarzyna Kubińska, Stanisław Kwiatkowski, Olga Milczarek","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/fmc.2026.158989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) and Hirschsprung's disease (HD) belong to neurocristopathies - autonomic nervous system defects caused by abnormal neural crest cells migration. Their co-occurrence defines Haddad Syndrome (HS) associated also with increased risk of neural crest origin tumors, mainly neuroblastoma (NBL), and PHOX2B gene mutation. This case concerns a male newborn presenting respiratory failure minutes after birth. Due to sleep apnea and increasing hypercapnia, he required intubation. Genetic testing revealed an anomaly in PHOX2B gene. In subsequent days, the patient did not pass the meconium, which, based on the imaging tests and biopsy, raised a suspicion of HD. The boy was diagnosed with HS and additional diagnostic measures, including cancer screening, were ordered, owing to the syndrome's characteristics. Awareness of such conditions enables clinicians to implement targeted management that may significantly improve long-term outcomes and quality of life for affected children.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"66 1","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy and postpartum period as risk factors for cervical artery dissection.","authors":"Janusz Skrzat, Anna Yevstifeieva, Grzegorz Goncerz","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158982","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with physiological, hormonal, and hemodynamic changes that may increase susceptibility to cervical artery dissection. Structural alterations of the arterial wall can result from a variety of factors, predisposing vessels to injury and subsequent neurovascular events. In the present study, we analysed the contribution of multiple factors to the development of cervical artery dissection in pregnant women, including advanced maternal age, hormonal status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, connective tissue disorders, arterial malformations, migraine, adverse or rapidly changing head and neck positions, neck trauma, chiropractic manipulation, the presence of an elongated styloid process, pressure-inducing activities, and physical exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"66 1","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of two osteomas in the frontoethmoidal region using an osteoplastic flap, endoscopic approach and 3D CT imaging.","authors":"Julia Hypnar, Marcin Rudziński, Mateusz Magdziarz, Jakub Pośpiech, Kamil Możdżeń, Michał Błażejowski, Maria Przeklasa, Patryk Hartwich, Marcin Konior, Jerzy Tomik","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158983","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to demonstrate the application of preoperative three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction in the surgical management of paranasal sinus (PNS) osteomas.Osteomas are the most common benign PNS tumors and can lead to significant symptoms, including chronic rhinosinusitis, frontal pressure, and orbital or intracranial complications. Surgical excision is recommended for symptomatic cases or those with potential complications, with endoscopic and external approaches being the primary techniques. A 74-year-old patient presented with symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, including nasal obstruction and anosmia. CT revealed osteomas in the left ethmoid and frontal sinuses, measuring 27 × 21 × 28 mm and 15 × 17 mm, respectively. The patient was qualified for surgical excision of lesions. Preoperative planning included 3D CT reconstruction to assess the osteomas' size, location, and surgical access, particularly for a planned osteoplastic flap (OPF). During surgery, an endoscopic approach was initially utilized, resulting in frontosphenoethmoidectomy and removal of ethmoid osteoma. The other osteoma extended from the anterior to the posterior wall of the frontal sinus and required conversion to an external approach using the preplanned OPF. The surgery was successfully completed, with intraoperative findings being consistent with imaging. Postoperative complications were limited to frontal sinus outflow stenosis, managed endoscopically during follow-up. PNS osteomas may require complex surgical planning, especially when endoscopic and external approaches are combined. Preoperative 3D CT reconstruction provides valuable insights into tumor characteristics and aids in precise surgical planning. This case highlights the utility of 3D imaging in safe and effective management of challenging PNS osteomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"66 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring manual dexterity in dental students - a quasi-longitudinal studyand insights from a natural pandemic experiment.","authors":"Elżbieta Zarzecka-Francica, Andrzej Gala, Paweł Myciński, Małgorzata Pihut","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158987","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2026.158987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical classes for dental students in Poland start at the beginning of the third year and continue until the end of the fifth year. The implementation of theoretical knowledge tests and trains their manual skills and makes visible the complexity and variability of clinical cases. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a clinical lockdown, interrupting students' ability to train for six months. The aim of the study was to compare manual dexterity scores measured by the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) before and after clinical lockdown among third- and fifth-year dental students and to assess the role of clinical placement. We investigated whether the initial female manual dexterity advantage has changed and whether the subjective assessment of dexterity correlates with objective measurement. The study consisted of students performing PPT subtests, tallying the score and answering additional questions. The cross-sectional (quasi-longitudinal) study included 175 students; 96 before the outbreak of the pandemic and 79 who took a six-month break from full-time classes. Measurements were taken each time for Year III at the very beginning of the start of practical classes, and for Year V at the end. Analysis comparing cohorts studied before and after the clinical lockdown revealed no significant differences in PPT scores within the same year of study. However, fifth-year students achieved higher scores than third-year students on selected PPT subtest. The t-Welch test showed that year V scores significantly higher on most subtests compared to year III. In a two-factor ANOVA analysis, women scored higher than men on all subtests. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a lack of correlation between self-esteem and objective PPT scores among third- and fifth-year students. The findings may suggest a relative stability of the assessed aspects of manual dexterity during a break lasting up to six months, and clinical seniority was associated with higher PPT score. The gender effect persisted, while self-assessment did not coincide with objective measurement supporting the need for objective monitoring of teaching needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"66 1","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urogynaecological physiotherapy as a support of surgical treatment in Poland - assessment of participation, awareness and satisfaction.","authors":"Agnieszka Mazur-Biały, Kinga Duszka-Seternus, Sabina Tim, Justyna Sówka","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156708","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are prevalent conditions that significantly impair women's quality of life, yet awareness of conservative treatment options remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess women's knowledge and awareness regarding urogynaecological physiotherapy, as well as to evaluate quality of life and satisfaction after gynaecological and urogynaecological surgeries.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 438 women undergoing surgery for pelvic floor dysfunction or other gynaecological conditions. Participants completed self-designed and validated questionnaires regarding physiotherapy knowledge, pre- and postoperative engagement, preventive behaviours and treatment satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly half of the participants (48.1%) had never heard of pelvic floor physiotherapy, with POP patients being the least informed (53.6%). Only 24.3% received a physiotherapy referral before surgery, and 16.7% underwent preoperative therapy, most often limited to one or two sessions. After surgery, 30.5% were referred to physiotherapy, while 18.0% participated. Women who attended physiotherapy - especially pre- operatively - were significantly more likely to perform pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) correctly (78.6% vs. 18.9%, p <0.001) and to engage in preventive behaviours (92.9% vs. 54.1%, p <0.001). Subjective outcomes were also better: patients with physiotherapy both before and after surgery most frequently rated their health as \"much better\" and expressed greater willingness to repeat surgery (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Awareness of urogynaecological physiotherapy remains insufficient. Physiotherapy, particularly when integrated both pre- and postoperatively, enhances PFMT performance, preventive behaviours, subjective treatment outcomes and satisfaction with surgery. Expanding access to physiotherapy and improving patient education could optimise long-term management of UI and POP.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"183-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health behaviors and quality of life among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Ewa Kawalec-Kajstura, Ilona Kuźmicz, Izabela Śmierciak, Marlena Padykuła, Patrycja Ostrogórska-Gonszewska, Joanna Sułkowska","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156705","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the life quality and young adults' health behaviors. Aim Assessment of health behaviors and life quality in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in a group of 161 people aged 18-25 years. The study employed a diagnostic survey method using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire in the Polish version and the Health Behavior Inventory, as well as a self-designed questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average value of the total health behavior intensity index in the examined group was 75.83 ± 13.9. The average scores obtained in each domain were similar, with the highest score referring to under-taking health practices (3.31 ± 0.68) and the lowest referring to proper eating habits (2.95 ± 0.81). Only 11.80% of respondents presented a high level of health behaviors. The average score for overall quality of life was 3.87 ± 0.81 points, with the physical domain scoring most favorably (15.18 ± 2.65 points) and the psychological domain scoring the lowest (13.45 ± 3.48 points). There was a significant positive correlation between respondents' health behaviors and their quality of life (r =0.288; p <0.001). Respondents indicated that the pandemic negatively affected their quality of life in the psychological (63.98%), social (60.25%) and environmental (45.34%) domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly half of the respondents reported low intensity of health behaviors. Their quality of life was good. The physical domain scored highest and the mental domain scored lowest, which was also reflected in the highest score for the adverse impact of the pandemic on the quality of life in the same domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"155-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health behaviors of young adults in the context of preventing cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis.","authors":"Ewa Kawalec-Kajstura, Marzena Kopeć, Joanna Sułkowska, Urszula Durlak, Agata Reczek, Ilona Elżbieta Kuźmicz","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156703","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis are one of the leading causes of death in Poland and worldwide. Atherosclerosis develops from the earliest years of life and is influenced by modifiable risk factors resulting from health behaviors, which provides opportunities to reduce cardiovascular risk, especially in young people, by addressing these factors.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>assessment of health behaviors adopted by young adults in the context of preventing cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted among 200 people aged between 18 and 35, with the application of a diagnostic survey method, a questionnaire technique using the Health Behavior Inventory (Inwentarz Zachowań Zdrowotnych - IZZ) and a self-designed questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average score obtained by the respondents in the Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ) test was 80.44 ± 13.0 points, with the highest average score obtained in the area of positive mental attitude (3.43 ± 0.69 points) and the lowest in the category of preventive behaviors (3.26 ± 0.68 points). In the knowledge test, the respondents scored an average of 19.68 ± 2.60 points. Among the socio-geographic factors, gender had the most significant impact on the respondents' health behaviors - it significantly influenced the overall result, as well as all its components, except for positive mental attitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The largest percentage of respondents presented average or low levels of health behaviors, and the level of knowledge was also average among the largest percentage of respondents. Among the variables analyzed, gender had the most significant impact on health behaviors, while health behaviors did not differ significantly depending on the respondents' level of knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"125-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The slowing pulse: a history of research on training-induced resting bradycardia.","authors":"Marcin Grandys, Mirosław Woźniak, Jerzy A Żołądź","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156697","DOIUrl":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Training-induced resting bradycardia is characteristic of endurance athletes, but it also often occurs in less trained, physically active people. It is commonly believed that slowing of the heart rate is a positive sign of systemic adaptation to physical training, but severe bradycardia phenomenon (below 40 beats per minute) could be a matter of concern for athletes' health. In this review, we present the fascinating history of research into this one of the most fundamental adaptive responses of the cardiovascular system to exercise training, which teaches us an important scientific truth - that nothing that has not been questioned has truly been proven. In the context of training-induced resting bradycardia, this refers to many aspects of the phenomenon, from its name and meaning to its physiological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148153172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic strategies in irritable bowel syndrome: current standards, emerging options and future challenges.","authors":"Wojciech Michał Jankowski, Gabriela Maria Kaczmarczyk, Aleksandra Tarasiuk-Zawadzka, Jakub Fichna","doi":"10.24425/fmc.2025.156694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/fmc.2025.156694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of safe and efficient therapeutic interventions in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is challenged by the complexity of its pathophysiology and a wide range of symptoms. On the other hand, with the progress in design of diagnostic and analytical tools (including software and artificial intelligence), we understand more about the disease what brings us closer to its successful treatment. In this review we discuss currently available and potential future pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, focusing mainly on clinical proof of their efficiency. Moreover, we aim at identifying risk and challenges that need to be overcome to obtain a marketed drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":523880,"journal":{"name":"Folia medica Cracoviensia","volume":"65 4","pages":"5-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}