Geography and Sustainability最新文献_第2页

Navigating the safe and just operating space for urban systems: A cross-scale landscape approach 为城市系统导航安全和公正的操作空间：一种跨尺度的景观方法

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100352

Hongyan Bian , Jianguo Wu , Runxi Jia , Linyong Wang , Zihan Zhu , Mengyu Wei , Jie Gao

{"title":"Navigating the safe and just operating space for urban systems: A cross-scale landscape approach","authors":"Hongyan Bian , Jianguo Wu , Runxi Jia , Linyong Wang , Zihan Zhu , Mengyu Wei , Jie Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safe and just operating spaces (SJOS) are influenced by complex cross-scale interactions and cascading effects spanning global, regional, and local landscape scales. However, existing SJOS research has often focused on single-scale assessments, overlooking the impacts of multiscale interactions and within-region heterogeneity on urban SJOS. To address this gap, we developed a cross-scale framework for assessing urban SJOS, explicitly incorporating top-down influences from upper-level constraints and bottom-up effects from lower-level heterogeneity. This approach was applied to China’s five major metropolises to examine the states and cross-scale dynamics influencing urban SJOS between 1990 and 2020. Our findings reveal that the SJOS of China’s metropolises were primarily influenced by factors at national and local landscape scales, with weaker influences from the global and continental scales. A persistent trade-off between social justice and environmental safety was identified across spatiotemporal scales. For instance, Chongqing in southwestern China lagged behind the eastern four metropolises in social performance but exhibited stronger environmental safety due to its extensive natural landscapes, which mitigated the anthropogenic impacts of urban centers. Regional issues, such as the overshoot of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ecological footprints (EF), were primarily driven by the bottom-up accumulation of localized pressures, while the overshoot of CO₂ was attributed to national policy constraints and the universal exceedance of safe thresholds across scales. Addressing urban sustainability requires avoiding adverse cascading effects from other levels by emphasizing landscape heterogeneity within metropolises and fostering coordinated collaboration across scales, particularly at the regional landscape and national levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of armed conflict in progress toward Sustainable Development Goals: Global patterns, regional differences, and driving mechanisms 探讨武装冲突在实现可持续发展目标进程中的作用：全球模式、区域差异和驱动机制

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100355

Di Wang , Zhenci Xu , Unai Pascual , Lei Liu , Waqar Ahmad , Dong Jiang

{"title":"Exploring the role of armed conflict in progress toward Sustainable Development Goals: Global patterns, regional differences, and driving mechanisms","authors":"Di Wang , Zhenci Xu , Unai Pascual , Lei Liu , Waqar Ahmad , Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a solemn commitment by United Nations member states, but achieving them faces numerous challenges, particularly armed conflicts. Here, we analyzed the impact of armed conflict on SDG progress and its driving mechanism through causal inference methods and machine learning technique. The results show that between 2000 and 2021, armed conflicts slowed overall SDG progress by 3.43 %, equivalent to a setback of 18 years. The Middle East was the most affected region, with a 6.10 % slowdown in progress. The impact of different types of conflict varies across specific goals: interstate conflicts primarily affect SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), while intrastate conflicts have a larger impact on SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure). Additionally, SDG 15 (Life on Land) is severely affected by both types of conflict, with long-term consequences. As armed conflicts increase, the development progress would regress rapidly in a non-linear manner. To achieve the SDGs by 2030, it is crucial not only to prevent conflicts but also to proactively address and mitigate their impacts on development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The high-altitude peatland carbon cycle: A review of the impacts of climate change, human disturbance and management 气候变化、人为干扰及管理对高原泥炭地碳循环的影响

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100353

Paul P.J. Gaffney , Qiuhong Tang , Jinsong Wang , Chi Zhang , Ximeng Xu , Xiangbo Xu , Yuan Li , Sabolc Pap , Joshua L. Ratcliffe , Quanwen Li , Shuli Niu

{"title":"The high-altitude peatland carbon cycle: A review of the impacts of climate change, human disturbance and management","authors":"Paul P.J. Gaffney , Qiuhong Tang , Jinsong Wang , Chi Zhang , Ximeng Xu , Xiangbo Xu , Yuan Li , Sabolc Pap , Joshua L. Ratcliffe , Quanwen Li , Shuli Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-altitude peatlands (HAPs; defined as > 1,500 m) provide important ecosystem services including soil carbon (C) storage. However, temperatures in high-altitude regions have been rising rapidly in recent decades, while HAPs are increasingly affected by human activities such as intensive drainage and grazing. Collectively, climate change and land management may strongly affect the HAP C cycle. Here, we synthesise current global progress on the HAP C cycle, focussing on the impacts of climate change and land management. Warming increased both ecosystem respiration (ER) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions (26 %–86 %), while impacts on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO<sub>2</sub> were still unclear. However, short-term drought decreased ER and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (7 %–96 %), along with NEE (12 %–52 %). Snow, permafrost, and glacier decline may also impact the C cycle in HAPs, although a limited number of studies have been conducted. Grazing and vegetation degradation impacts on HAP C cycling were related to grazing and degradation intensity, while generally decreasing soil organic C stocks (3 %–51 %). Moving from shallower to deeper WTLs stimulated ER (9 %–812 %), while reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (13 %–100 %), with variable effects on NEE (-53 %–700 %). Restoration by rewetting began to reverse the trend of drainage. We highlight several knowledge gaps, including limited understanding of climate change and land-management effects on gross primary productivity and dissolved organic carbon, while there is still limited knowledge of regional differences in HAP C cycling. Future research should focus on the interaction of land-use and climate change in HAPs, including HAP restoration, which may help future conservation of these valuable ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A land–water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus framework informs climate change mitigation in agriculture: A case study in the North China Plain 土地-水-能源-温室气体联系框架为农业减缓气候变化提供信息：以华北平原为例

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100354

Xin Xuan , Yuping Bai , Gaurav Sikka , Chuyao Weng , Xiangzheng Deng

{"title":"A land–water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus framework informs climate change mitigation in agriculture: A case study in the North China Plain","authors":"Xin Xuan , Yuping Bai , Gaurav Sikka , Chuyao Weng , Xiangzheng Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The land, water, energy use, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions involved in agricultural production are intrinsically linked. However, quantitative characterization and scenario simulations of these elements’ inherent interrelationships remain scarce. We developed a land<strong>–</strong>water<strong>–</strong>energy<strong>–</strong>GHG (LWEG) nexus framework for the North China Plain (NCP). The framework identifies the mutual feedback in the life cycle of agricultural production among the four factors. We applied the framework to assess the agricultural GHG mitigation potential for winter wheat, summer maize, and rice in NCP municipalities. The results showed that cropping structure optimization reduced GHG emissions by 1.96 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e. Controlling indirect energy consumption in upstream processes of crop production and reducing on-site energy use reduced the volume and intensity per unit area of agricultural GHG emissions. Because of the synergies between land, water, and energy, nexus management, which combines multiple measures of groundwater management, fertilizer, and energy control, has substantial GHG mitigation potential. The nexus management scenario produced a total GHG of 159.51 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>e, a decrease of 15.38 % from the baseline scenario. This study quantifies the LWEG nexus within agricultural production processes and identifies agricultural management practices that integrate water, energy conservation, and emissions mitigation contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Profiles and risk assessment of antibiotic resistome between Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and polar regions 青藏高原与极地地区抗生素耐药组特征及风险评估

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100342

Zhenzhe Wu , Guannan Mao , Yuan Gou , Mukan Ji , Qingqing Ma , Yongqin Liu

{"title":"Profiles and risk assessment of antibiotic resistome between Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and polar regions","authors":"Zhenzhe Wu , Guannan Mao , Yuan Gou , Mukan Ji , Qingqing Ma , Yongqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly recognized as a global public health threat, with glaciers acting as reservoirs for ARGs transported via atmospheric pathways. Warming climate accelerates glacier melting, releasing ARGs into downstream environments, posing ecological health and sustainable aquatic ecosystem development challenges. However, the distribution profiles of ARGs and their risks in glaciers from the polar region remain unclear. This study used 294 metagenomic sequences to investigate the distribution and risks of ARGs in glaciers across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Antarctica, and the Arctic regions and compared them with adjacent and anthropogenically impacted environments. Among the three glacier regions studied, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau exhibited the highest abundance of ARGs, whereas Antarctica displayed the lowest. ARG abundance in adjacent environments was comparable to that in the glaciers of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, but in the anthropogenically impacted environment, it was significantly higher than in glaciers. A shared resistome was identified in glaciers, dominated by bacitracin, multidrug, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes. The <em>bacA</em> gene, which is related to bacitracin resistance, was the most common subtype, indicating that it is naturally present in microbial communities of glaciers. Risk assessments showed that 74.1 %–78.9 % of ARGs were low-risk in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and polar glaciers, indicating minimal human influence. However, 7.3 %–8.0 % were classified as high-risk, posing potential threats through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. These findings highlight the need to monitor ARGs in glacier environments, as climate change accelerates glacier melting and subsequent release of ARGs into downstream ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strengthening the partnership between the great green walls of China and Africa 加强中非绿色长城伙伴关系

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100341

Xiaosong Li , Amos Tiereyangn Kabo-Bah , Annah Lake Zhu , Tong Shen , Chaochao Chen , Gilles Amadou Ouedraogo , Xiaoxia Jia , Qi Lu , Bo Wu , Marcelin Sanou

引用次数: 0

Inequality of divided and shared socio-economic resources in 15-minute cities of China 中国15分钟城市社会经济资源分配与共享的不平等

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100337

Shijie Li , Xin Cao , Luling Liu , Anqi Li

{"title":"Inequality of divided and shared socio-economic resources in 15-minute cities of China","authors":"Shijie Li , Xin Cao , Luling Liu , Anqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inequality of socio-economic resources has threatened individual well-being and urban sustainability. However, the inequality in different resource allocation scenarios is still unclear, and the accessibility distance to resources has not been considered. We developed a large-scale, long-term, and multi-perspective quantitative evaluation framework of inequality in the dividing-resource and sharing-resource scenarios over the past 31 years (1992–2022) within 15-minute cities. This framework is informed by patterns of urban development and the spatial distribution of resources and population. The results from 334 Chinese cities demonstrate the differences in inequality between developed and developing cities. When individuals share resources within 15-minute accessibility distance, inequality is lower in developed cities relative to developing cities due to more spatially balanced resources, with a decreasing trend over the past 31 years. However, due to the uneven spatial distribution of the population in developed cities, inequality among individuals has increased when resources are divided within 15-minute accessibility distance. We suggest that the government avoid policy lagging and reduce inequality by rationalizing the spatial configuration of socio-economic resources. Developed cities could adopt policies to direct the overpopulation of city centers outward, and developing cities should care about resources for suburban citizens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 5","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of China food trade on global resource and environment: A sustainable development assessment 中国食品贸易对全球资源与环境的影响：一个可持续发展的评估

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100339

Xiang Wang , Xin Li , Libang Ma , Jing Bai , Li Li , Simin Yan

{"title":"Impacts of China food trade on global resource and environment: A sustainable development assessment","authors":"Xiang Wang , Xin Li , Libang Ma , Jing Bai , Li Li , Simin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meeting China’s burgeoning food demand while safeguarding the resources and environmental long-term development is a critical challenge for the sustainable food systems of this century. China’s accelerated food imports have far-reaching implications for global resource allocation and environmental development. Hence, detailed information regarding China’s food trade resource-environmental impacts is imperative for the design of effective policies that promote environmental mitigation and resource conservation. This study estimated the spatial transfers of virtual water trade (VWT), virtual land trade (VLT), and virtual GHG emission trade (VGT) embodied in China’s food trade. Findings indicate that the VWT, VLT, and VGT transfers embodied in China’s food trade increased by 10.4 %, 9.8 %, and 15.2 % annually. It is more important to mention that virtual water import (VWI) and virtual land import (VLI) saved 119.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>m<sup>3</sup> of global water resources and 29.5 Mha of land resources, respectively, but virtual GHG emission import (VGI) increased global 13 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq GHG emissions. The divergent impacts of China’s food import on global food sustainability stem from variations in virtual water content, yields and emission intensities. Moreover, significant differences in sustainability scores were found among the top 15 importing countries, indicating that China’s food trade contributes to the deepening of global food system sustainability. This study highlights the need for a multifaceted approach that considers the various environmental impacts of food trade. China is therefore encouraged to fully integrate the benefits of resource and environmental conservation into its sustainable food trade strategy, restructuring the food system to ensure the long-term nourishment of its large population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How urban–rural interactions promote sustainable rural development: Evidence from the Chang–Zhu–Tan urban agglomeration, China 城乡互动如何促进农村可持续发展：来自长株潭城市群的证据

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100338

Yanhua He , Yi Liu , Xuening Fang

{"title":"How urban–rural interactions promote sustainable rural development: Evidence from the Chang–Zhu–Tan urban agglomeration, China","authors":"Yanhua He , Yi Liu , Xuening Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Promoting positive urban–rural interactions is a key strategy for addressing rural decline and advancing regional sustainable development. This study examines the impacts of urban–rural interactions on rural development and explores their mechanisms for advancing sustainability within urban agglomeration areas. Using the Chang–Zhu–Tan (CZT) urban agglomeration as a case study, with an indicator system to measure urban–rural interactions and rural sustainable development, we analyze the mediating effects of resource flows in the process of urban–rural interactions driving rural sustainability through a mediation model. The results show that spatial connectivity, industrial convergence, and social integration between urban and rural areas positively contribute to the economic and social sustainability of rural areas. However, urban–rural spatial connectivity and social integration may negatively impact on rural environment. In this process, capital, technology, and labor play significant mediating roles, whereas the influence of land is less pronounced. Based on these findings, we propose several recommendations for strategically leveraging the benefits of urban–rural interactions across various social-ecological contexts while mitigating their drawbacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 5","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable growth of China’s forest biomass carbon storage since 2002: Facing threats and loss risks 2002年以来中国森林生物量碳储量的可持续增长：面临的威胁与损失风险

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100340

Qiancheng Lv , Zeyu Yang , Yuheng Fu , Shaohua Wang , Manchun Li , Bingbo Gao , Jing Yang , Chaoqun Zhang , Jianqiang Hu , Ziyue Chen

{"title":"Sustainable growth of China’s forest biomass carbon storage since 2002: Facing threats and loss risks","authors":"Qiancheng Lv , Zeyu Yang , Yuheng Fu , Shaohua Wang , Manchun Li , Bingbo Gao , Jing Yang , Chaoqun Zhang , Jianqiang Hu , Ziyue Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest biomass carbon storage (BC) plays a critical role in mitigating climate change. However, the spatiotemporal patterns and stability of BC growth in China remain unclear. Using the latest BC maps (2002–2021) and multi-source remote sensing data, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of BC and applied resilience indicators to reliably assess its stability. Our results show that while China’s long-term BC has continued to increase, the risk of BC losses has also intensified, particularly in old forests (>70 years), where approximately half exhibit a declining trend. Moreover, BC dynamics do not consistently align with resilience changes. About 53.4 % of forests display weakening resilience, directly reducing BC accumulation rates by 23.1 % and amplifying interannual variability. Alarmingly, 10.4 % of forests (BC-, resilience-), predominantly high-BC-density forests (mean: 28.3 tC/ha), face an extremely high risk of carbon loss (carbon emissions: -118 Tg C). We further found that the accelerating effect of resilience weakening on BC losses significantly outweighs the promoting effect of resilience enhancement on BC accumulation (-17.79 ± 4.72 Mg/ha vs. 11.47 ± 3.42 Mg/ha). Our study highlights that China’s BC growth is characterized by unstable components and faces substantial loss risks. In future efforts to enhance forest carbon sinks, greater attention should be paid to changes in forest resilience to improve the stability of biomass carbon sinks and achieve sustainable, long-term carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 5","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0