International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Material strategy for strain-invariant radio-frequency electronics.","authors":"Senhao Zhang, Furong Yang, Chaoyun Song, Huanyu Cheng","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae569e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae569e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 4","pages":"041503"},"PeriodicalIF":25.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13060031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid-Based Bioink for Anisotropic Neural Tissue Cryobioprinting.","authors":"Andrea Andolfi, Ling Cai, María Valeria González Martínez, Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares, Francisco Del Valle Rodríguez, Regina Garza Garza, Alex Ruofei Kuai, Xiao Kuang, Jouhaina Nejjari, Yu Shrike Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/adfeee","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2631-7990/adfeee","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we present the development of a cryobioink designed to fabricate anisotropic scaffolds that support both neural and muscle cell alignment. Given the critical role of cellular organization in nerve fibers and neuromuscular junctions, we employed a vertical cryobioprinting-enabled ice-templating technique to create scaffolds with aligned microchannels. These channels facilitated cell alignment, which is important in modeling neural and neuromuscular tissues. By integrating hyaluronic acid-methacrylate (HAMA) with gelatin methacryloyl and the necessary cryoprotective agent melezitose, we showcased that the cryobioink could preserve cell viability during freezing/thawing processes, even at low temperatures employed during cryobioprinting. We optimized HAMA concentration to enhance neural cell viability and alignment, and successfully constructed anisotropic scaffolds featuring distinct sections that contained muscle and neural cells, establishing a model for neuromuscular junctions. The resulting models provide a versatile platform for studying nerve fibers and neuromuscular dysfunctions, offering potential advancements in neural regeneration research.</p>","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12732739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabricating engineered tissues with spatially varied microenvironments via embedded 3D printing in a cell-dense suspension","authors":"Min Ye, Jie Gao, Zhiyuan Zheng, Di Xin, Zhe Zhang, Shilu Zhu, Qingdong Zhang, Yang Zhang, Liang Xu, Shuwei Shen, Mingzhai Sun, Ronald X. Xu","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae3347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae3347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The long-term goal of bioengineered tissues is to achieve precise cell type distribution, physiological cell density, perfusable vascular channels, and mature functionality. However, fabricating engineered tissue with the microenvironmental features of organs with physiological cell density remains a significant challenge in this field. To address this, several key obstacles must be overcome. First, vascularization is indispensable for engineered tissues; however, disturbances may occur when introducing vascular channels within pre-fabricated tissues. Second, maintaining fabrication precision becomes increasingly difficult during high-cell-density embedded printing. Third, the suspension bath used for embedded printing often fails to provide a suitable growth environment. Herein, we modified the rheological properties of the bioactive hydrogel by incorporating a thixotropic laponite nanoclay (LPN) and demonstrated that an optimized ratio of collagen methacrylate (ColMA) to LPN forms a self-healing suspension bath, which is enhanced by hydrogen bonding interactions and is capable of in situ crosslinking. This printing strategy was generalized as the embedded 3D printing in cell-dense suspension (EPICS). The self-healing properties of the EPICS remain unaffected even when encapsulating a near-physiological cell density of 10 8 cells·mL −1 , and it provides precise control of the printing resolution from 1 mm to 100 µm. Compared with the model containing 10 6 cells·mL −1 , the use of EPICS could create a robust hepatic model with mature liver markers and reduced apoptosis gene expression. Moreover, EPICS can efficiently fabricate spatially controlled perfusable channels, thereby mimicking the spatially varied microenvironments of hepatocellular carcinoma, highlighting its broad applications in therapeutics involving tissue and organ constructs.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 3","pages":"035001-035001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147382030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D nanoscale fabrication and imaging: a multimodal approach for in situ and super-resolution characterization","authors":"Qiulan Liu, Jisen Wen, Liang Xu, Zhenyao Yang, Chun Cao, Shangting You, Gangyao Zhan, Yiwei Qiu, Wenjie Liu, Xiaobing Wang, Cuifang Kuang, Dazhao Zhu, Shih‐Chi Chen, Xü Liu","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae289e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae289e","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The synergistic innovation of nanoscale optical fabrication and characterization technologies holds the key to overcoming three-dimensional (3D) precision manufacturing bottlenecks. This study reports the novel self-reporting functionality of 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC) in photoresist, which serves as both a super-resolution photoinitiator and an intrinsic fluorophore with stimulated emission depletion (STED) behavior and polymerization-dependent lifetime characteristics. Through the development of an integrated system combining STED-inspired periphery photoinhibition (PPI) printing with dual-mode imaging, we achieve simultaneous in situ characterization and super-resolution quality verification. Specifically, PPI imaging demonstrates 50-nm lateral resolution for 40-nm printed lines and resolves 200-nm axial gaps when characterizing developed structures. Furthermore, in situ fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) achieves nanometer-level resolution, comparable to confocal microscopy, by utilizing DETC’s lifetime shift to characterize undeveloped structures. This synergy imaging approach resolves the trade-off between resolution and non-destructive detection, while establishing a new paradigm for closed-loop optimization of complex 3D nanodevices, with profound implications for nanophotonics, precision biosensing, and ultrahigh-density optical storage.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 2","pages":"025008-025008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printable dual-sensing hydrogels with exceptional anti-swelling and toughness","authors":"Weizi Gao, Zhe Lu, Shiwei Feng, Yunlong Guo, Jingjing Cui, Fukang Liu, Zhenxiang Wang, Zhijie Mao, Liang Chen, Jin Cui, Biao Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae1c7d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae1c7d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been serving the demand for high-precision, personalized, and integrated fabrication of sensory hydrogels for signal monitoring, soft robotics, and other applications. However, the 3D printed sensory hydrogels still face problems such as structural instability and insufficient mechanical properties. In this work, an anti-swelling dual-sensing hydrogel system for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology is introduced and successfully applied to the preparation of a stable self-sensing soft gripper underwater. The anti-swelling dual-sensing hydrogel system is composed of a copolymer of N-acryloylsemicarbazide and acrylic acid and the piezoelectric filler poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene). During the solvent exchange of organic hydrogels into hydrogels, abundant physical cross-linking and the formation of hydrophobic structures inhibit the swelling behavior of hydrogels in water. The resulting hydrogel exhibits high toughness (15.2 MJ·m −3 ), high strain level (1 093.3%), high ultimate stress (2.8 MPa), and swelling-resistant behavior (equilibrium swelling ratio of 1.9% in water for 100 days). Meanwhile, calcium ions enter the hydrogel to improve the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel, and the presence of piezoelectric fillers endows the hydrogel with dual-sensing properties. The use of DLP printed hydrogel allows for personalized and customized structures, and an underwater soft gripper based on anti-swelling dual-sensing hydrogel is being further developed for the initial determination of the size and shape of the object and for guiding further underwater work, demonstrating the potential for visualizing underwater invisible motions.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 2","pages":"025002-025002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Turing nanowrinkles via anisotropic photopolymerization","authors":"Q.Q. Duan, Xian‐Zi Dong, Jie Liu, Fan‐Chun Bin, Xinyi Wu, Mei‐Ling Zheng","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae1eb7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae1eb7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inspired by the diverse wrinkled surface patterns in nature, micro-nano scale wrinkled surfaces have become an essential part of materials science. Nowadays, it is still a challenge to flexibly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) nanowrinkled structures with precise configuration. Herein, we introduce a reaction-diffusion-based self-organized Turing mechanism integrated with femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) to achieve controlled anisotropic photopolymerization, fabricating 3D hydrogel-based biomimetic Turing nanowrinkled structures. This approach enables precise spatial modulation of wrinkle periodicity, orientation, and amplitude. Furthermore, using methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) monomers, we elucidate the mechanistic interplay between anisotropic photopolymerization and Turing-patterned nanowrinkle formation. We further propose a theoretical framework—the polarization modulation of femtosecond laser pulses enables the anisotropic photopolymerization of Turing-patterned nanowrinkles, selectively generating aligned linear (Turing-line) and vertically ordered pillar (Turing-column) structures. According to this theoretical framework, we propose the concept of the nanowrinkle parameter ( Wr ), alongside an empirical formula derived from two-photon polymerization (TPP) fabrication parameters to predict Turing nanowrinkle emergence conditions. We also demonstrate the ability to create high-resolution, 3D nanowrinkled structures, including patterned structures, bio-inspired microvilli resembling those of the small intestine, cicada wing replicas, and moth-eye structures. Moreover, we functionalize Turing-patterned structures with magnetron-sputtered Ag coatings, creating micro/nano-devices for molecular surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The Turing-inspired SERS devices demonstrate ultra-trace detection capability for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) at concentrations as low as 10 −9 M. This work provides a novel, high-precision methodology for the fabrication of complex, bionic, free-form Turing nanowrinkled structures.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 2","pages":"025003-025003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital light processing 3D printing of ceramics for W-band gradient refractive index metalens","authors":"Wuzhao Li, Siqian Wu, Jin Chen, Rong Wang, Qi Ge","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae0b0d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae0b0d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gradient refractive index (GRIN) metalenses are increasingly valued in high-frequency communication due to their exceptional radiation performance. Ceramics with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses are ideal candidates for GRIN metalenses. Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing provides a feasible and efficient approach for manufacturing ceramic GRIN metalenses. However, the scattering of ultraviolet (UV) light by ceramic particles in the slurry reduces the printing accuracy of DLP technology, making it difficult to achieve the intricate structural features required for GRIN metalenses in high-frequency communication. In this work, we propose an approach to improve printing accuracy by optimizing the ceramic slurry composition and implementing a dimensional compensation design strategy. Utilizing geometric optics and the S-parameter inversion method, we design a GRIN metalens consisting of two distinct types of subwavelength unit cells (Y-shaped and circular hole geometries) with a minimum feature size of 160 μm. Through a refined slurry formulation and precise design parameter compensation, high-fidelity ceramic GRIN metalenses are successfully fabricated. The fabricated metalens exhibits a maximum gain enhancement of 18.4 dBi and a deflection angle of ±30° over a bandwidth of 37.84% in the W-band (75‒110 GHz). The highly directional far-field beam radiation and efficient beam steering capabilities highlight the potential of ceramic GRIN metalenses for applications in satellite communications, radar systems, and other high-frequency technologies.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 1","pages":"015008-015008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel-shape memory polymer synergistic effect enabled 4D-printed ceramic precursors with programmable recovery onset and reversible deformation","authors":"Dekun Kong, Zhihui Zhang, Hailong Wu, Xunjin Li, Jinsong Zhang, Baoyu Zhang, Anfu Guo, Luquan Ren","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae098d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae098d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ceramic 4D printing, which integrates dynamic deformation with additive manufacturing, demonstrates significant potential in intelligent manufacturing, on-demand shaping of complex structures, and multifunctional device development. Its core advantage lies in endowing materials with environmentally responsive dynamic deformation capabilities. However, current technologies still face limitations in responsiveness, reversibility, and mechanical performance. To address these challenges, this study proposes a programmable ceramic precursor system based on synergistic reinforcement of phase-separating hydrogels and shape memory polymers, combined with a nano-ceramic particle enhancement strategy. Using stereolithography 3D printing, high-precision fabrication of complex structures was achieved. By adjusting precursor composition, programming time, and structural thickness, the phase-separation kinetics-driven delayed recovery mechanism was elucidated, enabling precise control over recovery onset time. Furthermore, the thermal response mechanism of the precursor materials is explored, along with their potential for multi-shape transformation in biomedical applications, which is further extended to shape memory polymer systems. By employing a layered printing strategy, the autonomous reversible deformation of ceramic precursors is realized, providing new possibilities for specific applications.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 1","pages":"015005-015005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-material and multi-module freestanding microrobot for cargo transportation","authors":"Jian-Miao Zhang, Xinyi Wu, Q.Q. Duan, Fan‐Chun Bin, Jie Liu, Xian-Zi Dong, Jin Feng, Mei‐Ling Zheng","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae0666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae0666","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microrobots play an essential role in early diagnosis and precision medicine with the increasing demands for controllability in bio-medicine and micromanipulation, which can complete the pre-designed behavior under external stimulation. However, most microrobots are currently made of a single material system and focus on fabricating a driving module as the main structure of microrobots. This hinders the integration of diverse functions in one microrobot to fulfill the complex application. Here, a multi-material and multi-module hand-microrobot based on femtosecond laser direct writing technology is proposed, which has a pH-responsive capturing module and a magnetic-responsive transportation module (MRTM). This microrobot can not only respond to pH for capturing and releasing objects, but also respond to magnetic fields for cargo delivery even with obstacles. The two responding modules of the hand-microrobot are fabricated independently, and can collaborate with each other to achieve the delivery of target objects like polystyrene (PS) microsphere (10 μm) or 786-O cell by capturing, transporting, and spatial rolling. Besides, the MRTM can be locally fabricated on any prefabricated static structure, so that the whole microrobot can achieve controllable motion. This strategy is expected to be used to manipulate cells, deliver drugs for precise treatment, and environmental treatment.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 1","pages":"015509-015509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stretchable liquid metal switch for interactive and autonomous soft machines","authors":"Gangsheng Chen, Biao Ma, Yanjie Chen, Yakun Gao, Heng Zhang, Wuxing Zhang, Duxin Chen, Wenwu Yu, Hong Liu","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ae05d6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ae05d6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soft machines harness material-level physical intelligence to perform adaptive tasks, enabling advancements in biomedical and human-machine interaction fields. Soft switches are the basic building blocks to achieve intelligent functions like autonomous decisions and mechanical computation. However, current soft switches suffer from complex fabrication processes, limited performance, and a lack of multimodal control, which hinder their practical application and the realization of machine intelligence. Herein, by harnessing the unique self-pinch and self-healing effects of the gallium-based liquid metals (LMs), we describe a soft high-performance electric switch composed of an LM line encapsulated within an elastomer. Applying pressure to deform the LM switch can increase local current density, leading to the electromagnetic self-pinch effect for switching off. After releasing pressure, the LM can spontaneously heal with the elastic recovery of the elastomer for switching on. This LM switch shows comprehensive advantages, including a compact design (0.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 10 mm), good stretchability (100%), high on/off ratio (∼10 9 ), rapid response time (&lt;100 ms), and excellent durability (&gt;12 000 cycles). Moreover, the LM switches enable multiple control modes, including magnetic and optical stimulation, through the integration of responsive materials. We demonstrate various LM switch-enabled functional soft machines, such as an interactive flexible gripper, a self-oscillating soft crawler, and wearable logic gates. This work will open new avenues for the application of LM in intelligent soft machines and advanced wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 1","pages":"015510-015510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2631-7990/ae05d6/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147891692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}