Transactions on Transport Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Beyond user experience and technology acceptance: Criteria to select a technology for a road safety behavioural change intervention","authors":"Daniel Vankov","doi":"10.5507/tots.2021.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2021.017","url":null,"abstract":"Novel technologies, such as smartphones or virtual reality, are seen as attractive tools with high potential to trigger behavioral change. Therefore, they are embraced enthusiastically by both business and academia. Interventions using technology as tools can be expected to further increase their popularity in the near future. A large amount of contemporary research seems to focus on examining user experience and technology acceptance. Such a focus is a natural first step in understanding a novel technology. At the same time, much less is known about the actual effectiveness of novel technologies in interventions. This limited knowledge represents a potential challenge to researchers when deciding which particular technology example to choose for their work. This theoretical study proposes an informed approach to making that choice, particularly for road safety interventions. The approach is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Criteria are suggested for initial technology impact evaluation, which should help researchers and practitioners compare different technology examples. Further criteria are touched upon in relation to practicalities around using technologies in interventions. The proposed framework may help future research of technology effectiveness by saving stakeholders’ time to decide which technology they should adopt and test.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79060599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages and disadvantages of rail transportation as perceived by passengers: A qualitative and quantitative study in the Czech Republic","authors":"Martina Trepácová, Veronika Kurečková, P. Zámecník, P. Řezáč","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Public transport is an important element of sustainable mobility. Rail travel is a traditional mode of transport in the Czech Republic. Its many benefits include positive environmental and safety aspects and the reduction of traffic jams. The choice of transport mode is a complex process involving both rational and irrational motives. More effective promotion of rail transport requires a better understanding of how it is perceived by potential users. This research identifies the key factors perceived as advantages and disadvantages of rail transportation in the Czech Republic. Methods In the first phase, an interview framework was constructed and used for in-depth interviews in 35 households using the interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA). These interviews defined the key preferences and barriers for using the train. Data collection was complemented by a quantitative online survey of 405 respondents who rarely used the train. Results In the qualitative part of the research, several topics arose from the interviews. Respondents perceive the following aspects as advantages when travelling by train: comfort, the train as a space for social interaction, the view, transportation without worry, and seat reservations. Disadvantages include: crowding, organization of the rail system, low number of trains, delays, train routes, boarding and exiting the train, and luggage transportation. Finances and safety are seen both as advantages and disadvantages of rail travel. The results of the quantitative part of the research show respondents appreciate that they do not have to pay attention or control the actual process of travelling (n = 232; 57.3%) as compared to using an automobile. They also perceive the ability to move around in the train (n = 153, 37.8%) and the comfort during the journey (n = 152, 37.5%) as advantages. On the other hand they see as disadvantages delays (n = 192, 47.4%), transfers between modes of travel (n = 177, 43.7%) and poor access to some destinations (n = 161,","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89241042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speeding behaviour of adolescents and the image of a typical person who speeds","authors":"S. Forward","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.005","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of what motivates young people to take risks in traffic but also why young men are more likely to get involved in road crashes. The participants aged 16-19 years (N=945) completed an online survey. The questions were influenced by the Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the Prototype willingness model (PWM) and included a scenario describing a person riding a moped at 65 km/h in an urban area, in which the speed limit","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88710899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive role of individual differences of the work performance of Lithuanian driving examiners","authors":"A. Endriulaitienė, L. Šeibokaitė, R. Markšaitytė, K. Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.012","url":null,"abstract":"Driver examiners are one of the first traffic safety agents as they ensure that candidates with bad skills do not participate in the traffic as licensed drivers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of individual differences for the occupational performance of driving examiners in Lithuania. 103 male examiners and 10 their supervisors participated in the study. Examiners filled in the self-report questionnaires: NEO-PI-R personality questionnaire, the scale of attitudes towards traffic safety, and situational judgement test assessing communication competence. Job performance rates were obtained from supervisors using the routine procedure implemented in the organization. Examiners rated by supervisors as more proficient are those who have higher conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion and lower neuroticism as well as high communication competence and more positive attitude towards traffic safety. Communication competence was the only significant predictor of better job performance of driver examiners when controlling for interaction between tested variables. Although the data allowed to distinguish psychological characteristics of examiners who were rated as performing better at their work, the predictive role of individual differences was modest. Other research strategies and variables should be applied in order to reach more comprehensive results in this field.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83697916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing footbridge or signalized crossing in an urban area: what triggers pedestrians?","authors":"M. O. Skandami, Iliani Styliani Anapali, S. Basbas","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.013","url":null,"abstract":"Pedestrians face difficulties when trying to cross a road in the urban environment since they are exposed to vehicular traffic. One of the measures to overcome the problems in the case of multilane roads with high traffic volumes is the construction of footbridges. However, pedestrians are not always in favor of footbridges for various reasons (e.g., excessive effort to use the footbridge, deviation from their scheduled route etc.). Thus, pedestrians often face a dilemma, whether to use the footbridge or the signalized crossing. In the framework of this paper an attempt has been made to examine the factors that influence the use of footbridges in the urban environment and the factors that influence the use of signalized crossings in the near area of the footbridge. The case study refers to a major arterial road with heavy traffic volumes in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. A statistical model was developed, quantifying the impact of quantitative and qualitative factors, as well as pedestrians’ social characteristics on the frequency of using the footbridge. The study area included two signalized crossings and the footbridge. Pedestrians can choose either the footbridge or the signalized intersections to cross the road. Counts were made concerning traffic volume, vehicle speed and pedestrian flow. A questionnairebased survey including 130 interviewees was conducted among pedestrians referring to the three ways of crossing the road (2 level crossings and the footbridge). Almost half of the pedestrians (49%) stated that they never use the footbridge. Most of the responders (87%) consider the footbridge very safe even though they do not use it. In the analysis made in this paper, an ordinal regression model was developed that utilizes questionnaire survey data and field measurements. The aim of the ordinal regression model is to investigate the variables affecting the operation of the footbridge through measuring the frequency of choosing the footbridge to cross the road. The model indicated that pedestrians aged between 25-39 years old have less possibilities to cross using the footbridge. The odds ratio calculation revealed that interviewees who state that the footbridge is very easy to use are more likely to use the footbridge frequently compared to those who state that the footbridge is not at all or almost at all easy to use. The ordinal regression model predicted 0,2 times higher possibility to use the footbridge seldom when interviewees say that their distance from the footbridge affects a little or a lot their crossing point decision. Finally, amongst other important outcomes, the model revealed that interviewees spotted on the footbridge are more likely to use it regularly, thus using the footbridge is more a habit than a random act. Statistical models of this type may help researchers understand pedestrians’ attitudes better and potentially contribute to a far better design of new infrastructures or better management of existing infrastru","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72499508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the road safety of local municipalities with application of GRA: Montenegro case study","authors":"Mirjana Grdinić-Rakonjac, V. Pajković","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.015","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of road safety is the core of road safety management, and to prevent traffic accidents, an understanding of the factors that cause them is essential. Currently, road safety experts show great interest in finding one fair approach to evaluate and compare road safety situations in different territories. Previously, the assessment of the situation and comparisons were based on the size of the consequences in traffic accidents but recently, the road safety experts turned to observing and comparing safety indicators as a more humane approach, given that in this way critical aspects can be seen at an early stage and before accidents occur. Over time, an approach of describing the road safety situation with a composite index has been developed in which a large number of indicators have been aggregated. The composite traffic safety index is a useful tool in assessing the safety situation that provides comparison, monitoring and communication between different territories and defines the elements of the system that need to be improved. The methodological development of the index construction continues today. The main steps of the mentioned process are the selection of the relevant set of indicators and determining the influence of each of them. In this paper, a set of ten hierarchical road safety indicators in terms of final outcomes, the road users’ behavior and basic territory information are weighted with grey relational analysis and aggregated in order to calculate one composite index score of 21 municipalities of Montenegro. Grey relational analysis can measure the relative importance among indicators, implying that those with higher grey weight values are more significant than those with lower grey weights. However, it cannot be claimed that indicator with the highest weight has the greatest impact on accidents occurrence, but it certainly indicates a field where strategies can be adopted to improve level of road safety.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78315031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between tram passengers and road vehicles at tram stops - a pilot study","authors":"Piotr Soczówka, R. Żochowska","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.007","url":null,"abstract":"Modern urban and metropolitan areas face numerous problems associated with transport activity, such as pollution, congestion, noise or traffic incidents. One of the solutions to cope with these issues may be encouraging people to use means of public transport instead of private cars. However, that requires the fulfillment of demands that present, as well as potential, passengers have. One of the most important passengers' demands is safety of all operations of public transport. In case of tram transport one aspect of safety is associated with the process of boarding the tram and alighting from it at stops separated from tram tracks by roadway, which forces passengers to enter the road. It is hazardous for all passengers and poses an additional risk for disabled passengers. In this paper an analysis of interactions between tram passengers and drivers of road vehicles at such tram stops, during the boarding and alighting from the tram was performed. For that purpose also a classification of tram stops stations was conducted, with the number of traffic lanes that passengers have to pass through being the main criterion. Also, the review of literature on this subject was conducted. For the research during the pilot study the tram network in Metropolis GZM in southern Poland was chosen and all tram stops stations on the network were inspected in order to obtain characteristics necessary for classification. Research during this pilot study allowed to identify conflict interactions that take place at tram stops. Examples of such interactions have been presented in the paper. Paper also contains conclusions and propositions of changes that may be implemented at tram stops that may lead to increase of the level of safety of passengers who try to board the tram or alight from the tram.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74952896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roundabout users subjective safety - case study from Upper Silesian and Masovian Voivodeships (Poland)","authors":"E. Macioszek, A. Kurek","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.009","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the work was inventory intersections like roundabouts in all cities with poviat rights located in two voivodeships of Poland: Upper Silesian and Masovian, and then performing users surveys of registered roundabouts. Survey research had two main objectives. The first one was to learn how vehicle drivers, pedestrians and cyclists perceived roundabouts as safe or unsafe road solutions. The second one was to learn about the behaviour of three users groups: vehicle drivers, pedestrians and cyclists on this type of road infrastructure in terms of traffic safety.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88726571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of countdown timers on traffic safety at signalized intersections","authors":"M. Kłos, A. Sobota, R. Żochowska, Grzegorz Karoń","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.010","url":null,"abstract":"Improving safety is one of the most important tasks of traffic engineering. In the road network, intersections are the places where conflicts most often occur. Therefore, these objects are of particular interest to engineers, designers and researchers. The possibilities of using modern technologies give a chance not only to achieve greater traffic efficiency, but also to ensure safe passing for all road users.\u0000One of such solutions are countdown timers, i.e. support devices for traffic lights which show the time (in seconds) remaining before the currently displayed signal on traffic light change. In some Polish cities those devices are installed on a growing number of intersections. However, the introduction of such new solutions without prior examination of their impact on safety is not recommended. The use of countdown timers at signalized intersections changes the way traffic control signals are perceived by drivers.\u0000To compare the impact of the device on the behavior of drivers, three different intersections have been selected depending on the function of the intersection in the transportation network. The measurements were made in two periods of research: for a week with enabled and disabled countdown timer devices. This article is a continuation of the previous research work carried out by the authors on determining the impact of the countdown timers on traffic conditions. The aim of this article is to show results of the analysis of the time distribution of vehicles entering the crossroads during the red signal for different type of the intersections. The results of the case study show that the countdown timer devices improve safety. Depending on types of intersections during the research with the enabled countdown timers from 22,65% to 32,03% less of the vehicles drove into the crossroads in a prohibited period.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87668356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speed perception by drivers as dependent on urban street design; a case-study","authors":"V. Gitelman, Fany Pesahov, Roby Carmel","doi":"10.5507/tots.2020.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2020.002","url":null,"abstract":"The strategy of sustainable road safety aims to match the road design characteristics to the target travel speeds, on every road type. This study examined the speed perception by drivers on collector urban roads in Israel, as reflected in their actual travel speeds and in the \"appropriate\" speeds reported by drivers. First, field surveys were conducted to collect detailed data on the road design characteristics, travel speeds, vehicle traffic and pedestrian activities on 80 urban street sections, in fifteen cities. Second, a drivers' survey was undertaken in proximity to the areas of the field surveys, to collect drivers' opinions about appropriate speeds on various street sections. The survey included 200 drivers, where each participant estimated four pictures with representative layouts of the study streets. Multivariate regression models were developed to examine the relationship between street characteristics, traffic exposure and travel speeds, as well as to explore the relationship between the driver characteristics, street design and \"appropriate\" speeds as reported by drivers. The results showed that road layout type was the most influential on selecting speeds. Multi-lane dual-carriageway roads are characterized by the highest actual and reported speeds, lower speeds are attributed to single-lane dual-carriageway and single-carriageway roads, and the lowest ones - to one-way streets. Among other characteristics moderating actual travel speeds were: higher pedestrian activity on the street, higher visual narrowing, more pedestrian attractions, presence of non-signalized junctions. The selection of \"appropriate\" speeds by drivers was affected by the street layout, the road visual narrowing, the socio-economic level of the town and driver's personal characteristics. The drivers believed that for moderate street layouts, the appropriate speeds should be around 40 km/h, i.e. below the existing speed limit. The road design characteristics that were found to affect the speed selection by the drivers may be applicable for attaining targeted travel speeds on collector streets.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83442303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}