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Some Afterward Remarks 一些事后评论
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10039
Chunyan Ning
{"title":"Some Afterward Remarks","authors":"Chunyan Ning","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Science, substantially different from technology and engineering, is to give explanations for why-questions about the Nature, and science of language is to give explanations for why-question about the part of the Nature Noam Chomsky has circumscribed as fl and I-language. His current talk reinforces the conceptual necessity of the separation of the system of thought from externalization, and offers explanations for some in-depth questions concerning with the basic properties of human language, by virtue of a stronger version of smt. In these remarks I present my understanding of the ideas encoded in his development of smt, and tentative solutions to some of the unsolved problems or mysteries.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48466869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Conceptualization of anger through Metaphors, Metonymies and Metaphtonymies in Jordanian Arabic and English: A Contrastive Study 约旦语、阿拉伯语和英语中隐喻、转喻和隐喻对愤怒的概念化:对比研究
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10037
Hadeel Mohammad Alazazmeh, Aseel Zibin
{"title":"The Conceptualization of anger through Metaphors, Metonymies and Metaphtonymies in Jordanian Arabic and English: A Contrastive Study","authors":"Hadeel Mohammad Alazazmeh, Aseel Zibin","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study aims to examine the metaphors, metonymies and their interaction in Jordanian Arabic (ja) to conceptualize anger. It also investigates the differences/similarities in the conceptualization of anger in ja and English to determine if culture has a role in its metaphorical and metonymical conceptualization. The study adopts Conceptual Metaphor Theory (cmt) and Cultural Linguistics (cl) as theoretical frameworks to identify and analyze the target metaphors and metonymies. The ja data was collected from two sources: 20 female and male ja native-speaker informants and a Jordanian comedy show called ‘Female’. The English anger metaphors and metonymies were collected from Lakoff and Kövecses’s (1987) study. The qualitative data analysis has revealed that anger is conceptualized in ja through conceptual metaphors with a metonymic basis, pure conceptual metaphors, pure conceptual metonymies and conceptual metonymies with a metaphorical interpretation. The results show that similarities were found in the conceptualization of anger through metaphor and metonymy in both languages which were ascribed to universal embodied cognition. Differences were also detected between the two languages, especially in the use of culture-specific source domains and in the use of metaphtonymies (conceptual metonymies with metaphorical interpretation) that may reflect cultural beliefs related to anger.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Aspectual Coercion and Lexical Semantics Part 1: Using Selection to Describe the Interaction between Construction and Verb Meaning 构词强制与词汇语义第一部分：用选择描述构词与动词意义的互动
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10036
Laura A. Michaelis
{"title":"Aspectual Coercion and Lexical Semantics Part 1: Using Selection to Describe the Interaction between Construction and Verb Meaning","authors":"Laura A. Michaelis","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Coercion is an inferential strategy used to resolve conflict between an operator and its argument. Such conflicts are resolved in favor of the semantic requirements of the operator (Talmy, 2000). Jackendoff (1997) and De Swart (1998), among others, represent coercion through type-shifting operators that intervene between an aspectual operator and its situation-type argument, ensuring that the argument is of the appropriate type for the operator. This framework has a mapping problem: the rules that it uses to represent aspectual-type shifts simply replace one aspectual type (the input) with another (the output), so it does not explain how the input representation constrains the output representation. This article offers a solution to the mapping problem: treating aspectual type shifts as operations on the decomposed semantic representations of verbs. I will show that two such operations can capture both implicit and explicit aspectual type-shifts in English, involving both tense constructions and aspectual constructions.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44266629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seeing in Visionary and Mystical Experience: A Perceptual and Cognitive-Semantic Account 视觉和神秘体验中的视觉:一种知觉和认知语义的解释
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10030
K. Stocker
{"title":"Seeing in Visionary and Mystical Experience: A Perceptual and Cognitive-Semantic Account","authors":"K. Stocker","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000According to Stocker (in press), seeing in visual experience (visual perception and visual imagery) is organized by Talmyan concept structuring. Here, it is proposed that during seeing in extrovertive visionary experience and extrovertive mystical experience, this visual concept structuring is largely or totally suspended—except for the perspective point (pp), which seems to remain in place in all human seeing. Complemented with cognitive-semantic analysis, characterizations of extrovertive visionary experience draw from the writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley, and characterizations of extrovertive mystical experience additionally from the theologian Rudolph Otto and the philosopher Walter Stace. It is also examined how well extrovertive visionary experience and extrovertive mystical experience are captured with altered-state-of-consciousness questionnaires. Potential benefits for the mind from temporary suspension of Talmyan concept structuring are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41779396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do All Languages Share the Same Conceptual Structure? 所有语言都有相同的概念结构吗？
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-08020001
Mario Bacelar Valente
{"title":"Do All Languages Share the Same Conceptual Structure?","authors":"Mario Bacelar Valente","doi":"10.1163/23526416-08020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-08020001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this work, we consider the views of three exponents of major areas of linguistics – Levelt (psycholinguistics), Jackendoff (theoretical linguistics), and Gil (field linguistics) – regarding the issue of the universality or not of the conceptual structure of languages. In Levelt’s view, during language production, the conceptual structure of the preverbal message is language-specific. In Jackendoff’s theoretical approach to language – his parallel architecture – there is a universal conceptual structure shared by all languages, in contradiction to Levelt’s view. In Gil’s work on Riau Indonesian, he proposes a conceptual structure that is quite different from that of English, adopted by Jackendoff as universal. We find no reason to disagree with Gil’s view. In this way, we take Gil’s work as vindicating Levelt’s view that during language production preverbal messages are encoded with different conceptual structures for different languages.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43473163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emotion Words in Spanish: Lexical Selection, Affective Dimensions, Sex and Age Differences 西班牙语中的情感词汇:词汇选择、情感维度、性别和年龄差异
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-08020002
J. Díaz, Georgina Barraza, Eduardo Hernández-Fuentes, Said Jiménez
{"title":"Emotion Words in Spanish: Lexical Selection, Affective Dimensions, Sex and Age Differences","authors":"J. Díaz, Georgina Barraza, Eduardo Hernández-Fuentes, Said Jiménez","doi":"10.1163/23526416-08020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-08020002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study proposes a method for selection and analysis of words that refer to emotions. A comparison of 380 synonyms corresponding to the six basic emotions in 15 Spanish thesauri resulted in 43 terms. Respondents of an online survey (n = 980) stated whether they recognized and used each word and how often they experienced the designated emotion, which resulted in 23 terms. The correlation matrix for the selected terms frequencies and a multivariate analysis of the data revealed three affective dimensions: anger, fear, and satisfaction. The frequency for the terms was higher for women, who reported more panic and irritation than men. In both, the frequency of the negative emotions of fear and sadness decrease with age, while pleasure, satisfaction, and indignation increase. The results suggest the existence of three affective dimensions (anger/repulsion, fear/sorrow, and satisfaction/admiration), which have been recognized in neurobiological, ecological, ethological, and evolutionary models.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46664028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (pims): A Cognitive Linguistics Approach to Bridge Theory and Practice 隐喻情景识别程序:认知语言学理论与实践的桥梁
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10031
Marlene Johansson Falck, Lacey Okonski
{"title":"Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (pims): A Cognitive Linguistics Approach to Bridge Theory and Practice","authors":"Marlene Johansson Falck, Lacey Okonski","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Over the past decades, several procedures have been developed to identify metaphors at the lexical level. However, because language is complex, there may not be one superior metaphor identification procedure that applies to all data. Moreover, metaphor identification inevitably involves decisions on linguistic form that may not work equally well with all linguistic frameworks. We introduce a Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (pims) reflected and evoked by linguistic expressions in discourse. The procedure is a prerequisite for the identification of metaphorical meaning that extends over phrases or longer stretches of text other than those defined as lexical units in current metaphor identification procedures and better reflects the Cognitive Linguistic (cl) view that linguistic meaning is equal to complex conceptualizations (Langacker, 2002, 2010), embodied (Gibbs, 2006b), and simulation-based (Bergen, 2012). It takes the scenes evoked by the context into account and focuses on the experiences that are coded by the linguistic constructions.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Language-Based Syllogistic Reasoning Using Deep Neural Networks 基于深度神经网络的语言层次推理
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10026
Zeinab Aghahadi, A. Talebpour
{"title":"Language-Based Syllogistic Reasoning Using Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Zeinab Aghahadi, A. Talebpour","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Syllogism is a common form of deductive reasoning that requires precisely two premises and one conclusion. It is considered as a logical method to arrive at new information. However, there has been limited research on language-based syllogistic reasoning that is not typically used in logic textbooks. In support of this new field of study, the authors created a dataset comprised of common-sense English pair sentences and named it Avicenna. The results of the binary classification task indicate that humans recognize the syllogism with 98.16% and the Avicenna-trained model with 89.19% accuracy. The present study demonstrates that aided with special datasets, deep neural networks can understand human inference to an acceptable degree. Further, these networks can be used in designing comprehensive systems for automatic decision-making based on textual resources with near human-level accuracy.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42873690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sensory Schema: From Sensory Contrasts to Antonyms 感觉图式:从感觉对比到反义词
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10027
Wes Raykowski
{"title":"Sensory Schema: From Sensory Contrasts to Antonyms","authors":"Wes Raykowski","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article explores sensations’ role in cognition through analyzing expressions in natural language in search of a sensory schema. I argue that if it exists, the schema originates from the universal need to differentiate between patterns by increasing contrasts, which is linguistically manifested in the practice of grading adjectives and adverbs in the context of antonyms.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42318720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suprasegmentals: An Exercise in Cognitive Phonology 超音段:认知音系学的练习
Cognitive Semantics Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1163/23526416-bja10029
Zeki Hamawand
{"title":"Suprasegmentals: An Exercise in Cognitive Phonology","authors":"Zeki Hamawand","doi":"10.1163/23526416-bja10029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23526416-bja10029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study provides an analysis of suprasegmental units in English within the framework of Cognitive Phonology, including stress, intonation and juncture. In this regard, two aspects are explained. The first is integration: the way the subparts are combined to form a composite structure. This is done by means of pivotal mechanisms, where the integration of segmentals and suprasegmentals are subject to correspondence, determinacy, elaboration and constituency. The second is interpretation: the way the meaning of the resulting composite structure is explained. This is done by means of construal, where the use of a suprasegmental unit is the outcome of the specific construal the speaker chooses to describe a situation. The aim is to show, through examples, that the use of a suprasegmental unit is a manifestation of a communicative intention. The implication is that suprasegmental units are essential; they are cognitive operations carried out on the baseline, and so conveyors of meaning. As an aspect of language, suprasegmental units can be described as an instance of B/E organization, where a word, phrase or sentence represents the baseline, while the suprasegmenal unit represents the elaboration.","PeriodicalId":52227,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Semantics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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