Economies最新文献_第7页

Multi-Criteria Evaluation of the Institutional and Tax Environment for Business in the EU Economies 欧盟经济体商业体制和税收环境的多重标准评估

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070178

Charalampos Kalligosfyris, Zacharias Dermatis, Eleni Kalamara, Athanasios Anastasiou

{"title":"Multi-Criteria Evaluation of the Institutional and Tax Environment for Business in the EU Economies","authors":"Charalampos Kalligosfyris, Zacharias Dermatis, Eleni Kalamara, Athanasios Anastasiou","doi":"10.3390/economies12070178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070178","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the institutional and tax environment for businesses in 21 countries of the European Union (EU), using a multi-criteria analysis and, in particular, the PROMETHEE II method, based on thirteen evaluation criteria and the ranking of the European economies. Through the research, the importance of factors related to the efficiency of the tax administration, the tax capacity of the country, the growth rate of the economy, the quality of institutions, the level of corruption, the tax burden, the time of tax compliance and the political stability of the country is studied, in the formation of an attractive environment for the development of entrepreneurship in the EU economies. Moreover, the results of the analysis revealed the existence of significant fiscal and institutional differences between the EU economies under investigation, regarding the development of entrepreneurship. These differences are due to the size of the economy, the institutions, the history, the economic crises of each country and a wide range of dissimilar policy recommendations, which reflect asymmetric policy responses. The study concludes by offering theoretical and political recommendations to improve the institutional and fiscal environment in EU economies so that entrepreneurship can play an important role in improving the economic and social situation of a country.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Unlock the Complexity’: Understanding the Economic and Political Pathways Underlying the Transition to Climate-Smart Smallholder Forage-Livestock Systems: A Case Study in Rwanda 揭开复杂的面纱"：了解向气候智能型小农饲料-畜牧系统过渡的经济和政治途径：卢旺达案例研究

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070177

Chiara Perelli, Luca Cacchiarelli, Mutimura Mupenzi, Giacomo Branca, Alessandro Sorrentino

{"title":"‘Unlock the Complexity’: Understanding the Economic and Political Pathways Underlying the Transition to Climate-Smart Smallholder Forage-Livestock Systems: A Case Study in Rwanda","authors":"Chiara Perelli, Luca Cacchiarelli, Mutimura Mupenzi, Giacomo Branca, Alessandro Sorrentino","doi":"10.3390/economies12070177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070177","url":null,"abstract":"The livestock-dairy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Rwanda, is experiencing rapid growth due to population expansion, urbanisation, and changing food preferences. The unmet local production demands are causing soil and water pollution, competition for biomass, land, and water, but also grassland degradation, biodiversity loss, and increased GHGs emissions. Rwanda has the lowest productivity in the region, largely due to inadequate and poor-quality livestock feed resources. To increase animal productivity, promoting forage species with higher nutritional value and better adaptation to drought-prone and poor-fertility soils could be beneficial. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study explores Brachiaria forage adoption and profitability and analyses policy objectives and measures to overcome adoption barriers and promote the transition from subsistence to market-oriented systems. Results show that Brachiaria, although advantageous from an economic point of view, is characterised by very low adoption rates. Furthermore, access to extension programmes is limited and often not supported by adequate incentives. To overcome such barriers, policy interventions should be harmonised and information and knowledge management prioritised, public and private extension and advisory services (EASs) programmes coordinated, agricultural input subsidies increased, and institutional coordination promoted to enhance climate-smart animal feeding.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Albania’s Trade Direction: Is the Open Balkan a New Center of Gravity? 阿尔巴尼亚贸易方向分析：开放的巴尔干是新的重心吗？

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070176

Glediana Zeneli (Foto), Arsen Benga, Altin Hoti

{"title":"Analysis of Albania’s Trade Direction: Is the Open Balkan a New Center of Gravity?","authors":"Glediana Zeneli (Foto), Arsen Benga, Altin Hoti","doi":"10.3390/economies12070176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070176","url":null,"abstract":"Trade is considered one of the main drivers of a country’s economic growth and development. Therefore, a successful analysis that identifies the bilateral trade flows, their determinants, and the regional integration costs and benefits opens new horizons for international trade perspectives. This study examines the effects of new and existing regional agreements on the international trade patterns of Western Balkan countries based on the Albanian case. In this regard, an extended trade gravity model is applied with a panel data set of trade flows between Albania and 43 of its regional strategic partners during the period of 2008 to 2022. This work considers two different similarity indexes to explain the effect of the economic structures of partner countries on their trade volumes: the relative factor endowment and the absolute factor endowment. The first is used to test the Linder Hypothesis, and the latter is used to test the effect of similarity in economic size between trading partners. Empirical results indicate that the effect of the selected explanatory variables, such as transportation costs, economic size, economic strength, exchange rate, and their relative as well as absolute endowment, is within expectations. Unexpectedly, the domestic economic size and strength are found to be insignificant in explaining the import flows and inversely proportional to the exports of Albania. Finally, it is indicated that trade flows are clearly dependent on traditional ties rather than on new incentives like the Open Balkan, which cannot offer a new regional center of gravity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the gravity of the Open Balkan initiative has been tested for one of the participating countries. The study concludes that while the Open Balkan initiative shows potential, the Berlin Process remains a more reliable path toward EU integration for Albania.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Determinants of Decent Work in Moroccan Cooperatives and Implications for Public Action: Toward Public Action through Determinants 摩洛哥合作社体面工作的决定因素及对公共行动的影响：通过决定因素促进公共行动

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070174

Badr El Azhari, Mohammed Bougroum, Lahcen Ait Daoud, Houmam Lotfi

{"title":"The Determinants of Decent Work in Moroccan Cooperatives and Implications for Public Action: Toward Public Action through Determinants","authors":"Badr El Azhari, Mohammed Bougroum, Lahcen Ait Daoud, Houmam Lotfi","doi":"10.3390/economies12070174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070174","url":null,"abstract":"In a context marked by growing inequalities and sustainable development challenges, Moroccan cooperatives represent an opportunity to reconcile economic objectives with social issues. Rooted in principles of solidarity and democratic participation, these entities play a significant role in promoting decent work in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the determinants of decent work within Moroccan cooperatives in order to propose ways of improving working conditions and worker well-being. A survey of 394 Moroccan cooperatives and a data analysis using RCM regressions were used to assess the influence of employees’ socio-professional characteristics, the organizational specificities of cooperatives, and public action on decent work. The results indicate that factors such as youth, employee level of education, the gender of employees and managers, financial performance, and the quality of cooperative governance are decisive factors in the quality of decent work. Public action, in particular government support combining financial and technical measures, is identified to have a positive impact on working conditions. This research highlights the importance for public policy of supporting education and vocational training, promoting gender equality, improving cooperative management, and effectively structuring government support to maximize its positive impact on decent work. These findings offer concrete avenues for policymakers and cooperative managers to improve worker well-being and contribute to the SDGs. By addressing the challenges identified and implementing targeted strategies, it is possible to move toward more inclusive economic growth and decent work for all within the Moroccan context.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Persistent and Long-Term Co-Movements between Gender Equality and Global Prices 性别平等与全球物价之间持续而长期的共同变动

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070175

Juan Infante, Marta del Rio, Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana

{"title":"Persistent and Long-Term Co-Movements between Gender Equality and Global Prices","authors":"Juan Infante, Marta del Rio, Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana","doi":"10.3390/economies12070175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070175","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationships of the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index and the MSCI World Index in global financial markets. The main objective is to analyze the degree of integration of each index from a fractional perspective for the years 2014–2021. The methodology involves fractional integration to assess the consistency and integration levels of both indices, revealing that they are remarkably consistent with integration orders close to 1 and no evidence of mean-reverting behavior. When examining potential cointegrating relationships between the two indices using the classical two-step method of Engle and Granger, the order of integration of the estimated errors is very close to 1, showing no evidence of cointegration. However, employing the more robust fractional CVAR (FCVAR) approach, the results strongly support the hypothesis of cointegration, indicating evidence of long-term co-movements between the two indices. The findings suggest that investment strategies should incorporate gender diversity criteria, as companies aligning with these benchmarks may enhance co-movements with the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index. Policymakers should promote transparency and initiatives that support gender diversity to improve market stability.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-Acquisition Operating Performance of Acquiring Firms following Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions 跨国并购后被收购企业的收购后经营业绩

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070172

Aamir Khan, David Kalisz

引用次数: 0

Stock Markets and Stress Test Announcements: Evidence from European Banks 股票市场与压力测试公告：欧洲银行的证据

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070171

Christos Floros, Efstathios Karpouzis, Nikolaos Daskalakis

引用次数: 0

Connectedness between Sustainable Investment Indexes: The QVAR Approach 可持续投资指数之间的关联性：QVAR 方法

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070170

Nini Johana Marín-Rodríguez, Juan David Gonzalez-Ruiz, Sergio Botero

引用次数: 0

Crises and Contagion in Equity Portfolios 股票投资组合中的危机与蔓延

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070168

Christos Floros, Dimitrios Vortelinos, Ioannis Chatziantoniou

{"title":"Crises and Contagion in Equity Portfolios","authors":"Christos Floros, Dimitrios Vortelinos, Ioannis Chatziantoniou","doi":"10.3390/economies12070168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070168","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the international impact of recent financial crises on contagion dynamics within international equity portfolios. First, we highlight the importance of macroeconomics for portfolio weighting for each region, and then we examine contagion via a structural regime-switching model and a contagion test. We also examine sources of contagion using regime variables, crisis events, and macroeconomic variables. In particular, we study the Argentine debt crisis, the US financial crisis, and the EU sovereign debt crisis. The macroeconomic variables include changes in market capitalization, trade integration, GDP growth, inflation rate, and interest rate. We also employ two classifications, one relating to the portfolio weighting scheme and another one that considers implied global and regional betas. The empirical findings reveal the existence of financial contagion for all the crises that we investigate. Both methods produce similar results. Stronger contagion is evident for global rather than regional betas. Europe is the region with the highest level of contagion and the one mostly affected by the crises. As far as macroeconomic variables are concerned, they are very important in two ways. They statistically significantly explain contagion, while they also reveal contagion under various portfolio weighting schemes. Both methods suggest that the Argentinian crisis mainly contributes to contagion. The research implications suggest that asset allocation and portfolio management should consider both the global and the regional aspects of contagion as differences can occur.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"32 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determinants of Income Inequality in South Africa: A Vector Error Correction Model Approach 南非收入不平等的决定因素：向量误差修正模型方法

IF 2.6

Economies Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3390/economies12070169

Molepa Seabela, Kanayo Ogujiuba, Maria Eggink

{"title":"Determinants of Income Inequality in South Africa: A Vector Error Correction Model Approach","authors":"Molepa Seabela, Kanayo Ogujiuba, Maria Eggink","doi":"10.3390/economies12070169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12070169","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of income disparity has long plagued South Africa because of the political environment that existed before the country’s 1994 democratic transition. Based on the widely used Gini index, which gauges global inequality, the nation routinely has some of the highest rates of income disparity in the world. Income inequality in South Africa keeps rising even after a number of frameworks and policies have been put in place, which has a big influence on society. Thus, it is essential to comprehend the causes of income disparity and put suitable policies in place to remedy it. The purpose of this study is to look into the relationship between South Africa’s income disparity and its determinants. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach, this study empirically examines the effects of government spending on social grants, gross savings, population growth, and economic growth on income inequality from 1975 to 2017. Data on the Gini index are sourced from the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID). Findings reveal a statistically significant negative correlation between government spending on social grants and income inequality. Moreover, income inequality demonstrates a negative relationship with both gross savings and economic growth. However, population growth exhibits a positive correlation with income inequality. This study highlights the significance of implementing a comprehensive strategy to address income inequality in South Africa. This strategy should involve augmenting government expenditure on social grants, cultivating a savings culture within households, and enacting policies that incentivize job creation, particularly in areas with rapid population growth. In addition to making a substantial contribution to the body of evidence already available on income disparity, this study offers insightful information to policymakers working to improve the socioeconomic climate in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0