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Exploring the Nexus between Employment and Economic Contribution: A Study of the Travel and Tourism Industry in the Context of COVID-19 探索就业与经济贡献之间的联系：COVID-19 背景下的旅行和旅游业研究
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.3390/economies12060136
Petra Vašaničová, Katarína Bartók
{"title":"Exploring the Nexus between Employment and Economic Contribution: A Study of the Travel and Tourism Industry in the Context of COVID-19","authors":"Petra Vašaničová, Katarína Bartók","doi":"10.3390/economies12060136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12060136","url":null,"abstract":"The travel and tourism industry plays a crucial role in economies around the world. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry has been very pronounced. This paper aims to study the relationship between the country’s T&T industry Share of Employment (TTEMPL) and the country’s T&T industry Share of Gross Domestic Product (TTGDP). This study is specific because we do not focus on the development of indicators over time; instead, we propose the models for 117 countries using the quantile regression (QR) while comparing models in the context of COVID-19 (between 2019 and 2021). The results of the QR determined that individual percentiles of the TTGDP are more affected by the TTEMPL than other percentiles of the TTGDP, which is then reflected in the changes in regression coefficients. In addition, we compare analyzed indicators among countries according to region and income group. The study reveals that the tourism downturn caused by COVID-19 has adverse effects on the TTEMPL and the TTGDP. In addition, the results show that the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry appears to be varied among countries, regions, and income groups.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Timing and Strength of Inequality Concerns in the UK Public Debate: Google Trends, Elections and the Macroeconomy 英国公众辩论中对不平等问题关注的时间和力度：谷歌趋势、选举和宏观经济
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.3390/economies12060135
Knut Lehre Seip, Frode Eika Sandnes
{"title":"The Timing and Strength of Inequality Concerns in the UK Public Debate: Google Trends, Elections and the Macroeconomy","authors":"Knut Lehre Seip, Frode Eika Sandnes","doi":"10.3390/economies12060135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12060135","url":null,"abstract":"Inequality among people has several unwanted effects, in humanistic, social and economic contexts. Several studies address distributional preferences among groups, but little is known about when inequality issues are focused and when and why inequality abatement measures are brought on the political agenda. We show that during the period 2004 to 2023, inequality issues were focused during elections to the EU and UK parliament and with greatest strength during the elections to the EU parliament in May 2004 and to the UK parliament in May 2015. Periods with high unemployment and inflation cause the discussion on inequality to be followed by discussions on inequality measures. However, when the discussion of inequality is followed very closely by the discussions of abatement measures, inequality aversion becomes more strongly associated with the macroeconomic variables inflation and GDP (recessions) than with unemployment and more strongly associated with the concerns for fairness than concerns with war and crime. The results were obtained examining Google Trends and scholarly studies.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Migrant Workers in the United Arab Emirates: Perceptions, Challenges, and Psychological Effects 了解 COVID-19 大流行对阿拉伯联合酋长国印度移民工人的影响：看法、挑战和心理影响
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.3390/economies12060134
Md Imran Khan, Majed Alharthi
{"title":"Understanding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Migrant Workers in the United Arab Emirates: Perceptions, Challenges, and Psychological Effects","authors":"Md Imran Khan, Majed Alharthi","doi":"10.3390/economies12060134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12060134","url":null,"abstract":"The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is often regarded as a preferred employment location for Indian migrant workers seeking improved financial stability and enhanced career opportunities. The spread of COVID-19 has led to a decline in international migration rates and an increase in the number of individuals returning to their home countries. Therefore, it is imperative to analyze the challenges and perspectives of migrant labour. The assessment was based on a sample size of 416 Indian migrant workers who were present in the UAE during the lockdown period of the pandemic. Statistical techniques were employed to assess the research objective and examine the formulated hypothesis. The study confirms that the employment status of the migrant population has transformed, leading to a decline in both income and remittance flows. There is a significant difference in remittances by Indian migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical analysis reveals a significant finding in the chi-square test regarding the perception of migrants towards health facilities and other amenities offered by the Government of the UAE. The facilities provided by the Government of the UAE were perceived to be considerably more favourable in comparison to those offered by the Government of India. The favourable view of the UAE authorities led to the choice of several migrant workers to remain there rather than return to India throughout the pandemic. The logistic regression analysis reveals that demographic information such as age, duration of stay, level of education, sources of income, and earnings were the significant determinants of fear of COVID-19. The report also encompasses a few constraints and offers policy recommendations.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating How Exchange Rates Impact Japan’s Machinery Exports since 1990 调查汇率自 1990 年以来如何影响日本的机械出口
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.3390/economies12060133
Willem Thorbecke
{"title":"Investigating How Exchange Rates Impact Japan’s Machinery Exports since 1990","authors":"Willem Thorbecke","doi":"10.3390/economies12060133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12060133","url":null,"abstract":"Japan exports sophisticated capital goods. Since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), Japanese companies have offshored the production of lower-end goods and parts and components to Asian countries. Because of this, several researchers argued that a weaker yen no longer stimulates machinery exports much because an increase in Japanese exports increases parts and components imports from overseas Asian subsidiaries. This paper finds that, after the GFC, a weaker yen no longer increases Japanese machinery exports to Asia but continues to stimulate exports outside of Asia. Thus, the weaker yen since 2020 does not help Asian firms to import vital Japanese capital goods but does increase the profitability of Japanese manufacturers and their exports to non-Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intangible and Tangible Investments and Future Earnings Volatility 无形投资和有形投资与未来收益波动性
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.3390/economies12060132
Taoufik Elkemali
{"title":"Intangible and Tangible Investments and Future Earnings Volatility","authors":"Taoufik Elkemali","doi":"10.3390/economies12060132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12060132","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the impact of intangible and tangible investments on future earnings volatility within the European financial market context. Drawing from International Accounting Standards (IAS) 16 and 38, we examine the intricate relationship between fixed assets, expenses, and the uncertainty surrounding forthcoming earnings. Our analysis reveals that intangible assets, often associated with heightened uncertainty and risk, contribute to increased earnings volatility compared to capital expenditures. Furthermore, we find that capitalizing intangible assets serves to alleviate uncertainty, resulting in lower earnings volatility compared to expensing them. Our exploration of industries’ effects further reinforce these findings, with the effect of intangible and tangible investments on earnings volatility being more pronounced in high-tech industries than in low-tech industries. Additionally, our robustness test, utilizing goodwill as a proxy for intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment as a proxy for tangible assets, yields consistent results, further bolstering our findings.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling Tax Revenue Determinants: The Case of Visegrad Group Countries 税收收入决定因素建模：维谢格拉德集团国家案例
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.3390/economies12060131
Jadranka Đurović Todorović, Marina Đorđević, Vera Mirović, Branimir Kalaš, Nataša Pavlović
{"title":"Modeling Tax Revenue Determinants: The Case of Visegrad Group Countries","authors":"Jadranka Đurović Todorović, Marina Đorđević, Vera Mirović, Branimir Kalaš, Nataša Pavlović","doi":"10.3390/economies12060131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12060131","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides panel data estimations of the tax revenue determinants in VG (Visegrad Group) countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) for the period 1994–2023. The aim of this research was to determine how the macroeconomic determinants affect the tax revenues in the selected countries. Within the static models, the Hausman test showed that the FE (fixed effects) model is appropriate and reflects the significant effects of the gross domestic product, population, inflation, unemployment, import, government revenue, government expenditure, and EU enlargement on the tax revenue. The PMG (Pooled Mean Group) model is an adequate model among the dynamic models and manifests the significant effect of the lagged value of the tax revenue. In the short term, growth of the gross domestic product and population by 1% causes higher changes in the tax revenue of 0.14% and 2.93%. Likewise, growth of the inflation rate by 1% decreases the tax revenue by 0.037%, which is higher than in the long term. Further, the results show that EU enlargement is significant for tax revenue in the short term, as well as in the long term. In the long term, unemployment has a greater significant effect on tax revenue, where 1% growth decreases the tax revenue by 0.15%. In contrast, government revenue is significant for tax revenue only in the long term, where 1% growth increases the tax revenue by 0.77%.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141149318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analyzing the Impact of Public Capital on Private Capital Productivity in a Panel of African Nations 分析公共资本对非洲国家私人资本生产力的影响
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.3390/economies12050118
Elhadj Ezzahid, Hamid Rafik
{"title":"Analyzing the Impact of Public Capital on Private Capital Productivity in a Panel of African Nations","authors":"Elhadj Ezzahid, Hamid Rafik","doi":"10.3390/economies12050118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12050118","url":null,"abstract":"This research contributes to the ongoing discourse concerning the efficiency of public capital and its influence on the productivity of private capital and total factor productivity within African economies. Employing the standard production approach, we include public capital as a distinct input to assess its specific impact on output growth and the enhancement of total factor productivity. We argue that public capital, predominantly manifesting through infrastructure, constitutes an indispensable element for fostering growth. Fundamental to the productivity of private capital is its reliance on a sufficient stock of public infrastructure for operational efficiency. Our empirical analysis reveals that public capital exhibits a substantive long-term influence on output growth and the productivity of private capital. However, in the short term, the discernible impact of public capital is less pronounced. Moreover, while public capital emerges as a noticeable factor in output growth, its influence on total factor productivity remains relatively subdued.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of the Great Recession on Well-Being across Europe Ten Years On: A Cluster Analysis 十年后大衰退对欧洲各国福祉的影响：聚类分析
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.3390/economies12050115
Elisabetta Croci Angelini, Francesco Farina, Silvia Sorana
{"title":"The Impact of the Great Recession on Well-Being across Europe Ten Years On: A Cluster Analysis","authors":"Elisabetta Croci Angelini, Francesco Farina, Silvia Sorana","doi":"10.3390/economies12050115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12050115","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate variations in the well-being dimensions of European citizens, we rely upon Principal Component Analysis methodology, whereby a large set of interrelated indicators are reduced to a small number of aggregate synthetic variables. We find that the 2008 crisis impinged differently on the various dimensions of well-being. The evolution of the indicators has affected different clusters of countries in various ways. Most importantly, we observe that there has been a shift of the principal component from the poor in terms of material deprivation to the risk of poverty for the worsening conditions in the labor market.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asymmetric Exchange Rate Effects on Trade Flows in India 汇率对印度贸易流动的不对称影响
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.3390/economies12050114
Niloufer Sohrabji
{"title":"Asymmetric Exchange Rate Effects on Trade Flows in India","authors":"Niloufer Sohrabji","doi":"10.3390/economies12050114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12050114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of exchange rate changes on India’s trade. The drivers of exports and imports (income, exchange rate including sectoral differences, and exchange rate variability) are estimated for the short and long run including a structural break. Using annual data from 1994 to 2022, the results of dynamic fixed effects estimation show that both exports and imports are income-elastic in the short and long run, but income elasticity is far stronger for exports. Moreover, exports are responsive to the real effective exchange rate in the short run but not in the long run, and the reverse is true for imports. Furthermore, exchange rates have asymmetric effects for high-volume and primary sectors for exports and imports. The combined impacts show the ineffectiveness of using currency depreciation to address trade imbalances.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empowering Pakistan’s Economy: The Role of Health and Education in Shaping Labor Force Participation and Economic Growth 增强巴基斯坦经济的能力：卫生和教育在影响劳动力参与率和经济增长方面的作用
IF 2.6
Economies Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.3390/economies12050113
Muhammad Umair, Waqar Ahmad, Babar Hussain, Costinela Fortea, Monica Laura Zlati, Valentin Marian Antohi
{"title":"Empowering Pakistan’s Economy: The Role of Health and Education in Shaping Labor Force Participation and Economic Growth","authors":"Muhammad Umair, Waqar Ahmad, Babar Hussain, Costinela Fortea, Monica Laura Zlati, Valentin Marian Antohi","doi":"10.3390/economies12050113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12050113","url":null,"abstract":"The labor force is a crucial factor in conducting economic activities, especially in labor-surplus countries like Pakistan. In this study, we explore the impact of labor force participation (LF) on economic growth (EG), with an emphasis on how this impact depends on the levels of health and education expenditures. We analyze time series data from Pakistan spanning from 1980 to 2022, using ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag), ECM (Error Correction Model) and Granger causality techniques for empirical analysis. The ARDL results indicate that LF significantly boosts EG, both in the short and long run. Furthermore, the estimations reveal that better facilities for health and education strengthen the positive effects of LF on EG. This suggests a complementary relationship between health, education, and LF in driving EG. Moreover, our findings highlight the temporal significance of health and education: Health plays a more crucial role in the short run, while education’s impact is more substantial in the long run. Furthermore, the Granger causality results indicate that LF, health, and education significantly contribute to EG. It is advisable for the government to prioritize investments in the health and education sectors. This approach can empower individuals to actively and effectively participate in economic activities, eventually contributing to the overall economic output of the nation.","PeriodicalId":52214,"journal":{"name":"Economies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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