Lecturas de Economia最新文献

{"title":"Lecturas de Economía","authors":"Danny García-Callejas","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a342252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a342252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46110355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job stress in the labor market","authors":"Bilver Adrian Astorquiza-Bustos, M. Caicedo, Alina Gómez-Mejía","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a339564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a339564","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl estres es producto de la desigualdad del modelo tradicional de ocio y consumo en el mercado laboral. Por esta razon, con el objetivo de identificar los niveles de estres que enfrenta la poblacion empleada y sus posibles determinantes, estimamos un indice de estres laboral (JSI) utilizando el metodo de medicion de conjuntos difusos. Posteriormente, analizamos el perfil de estres laboral usando un modelo multinomial ordenado probit a partir de un conjunto de atributos sociodemograficos y laborales. Los resultados sugieren que el JSI no esta correlacionado con la tasa de empleo. En cambio, los factores: trabajar mas de 48 horas a la semana, ser hombre, no tener contrato de trabajo, ser divorciado, tener intencion de cambiar de empleo, entre otros, se asocian con una alta probabilidad de presentar estres laboral de por lo menos un 17,19%. El JSI concilia la importancia de implementar programas de salud ocupacional, en aras de mejorar el entorno laboral y la consistencia teorica de acuerdo con lo sugerido desde el campo de la psicologia, lo que constituye un aporte novedoso desde las ciencias economicas. EnglishThe stress is a product of inequality of the traditional leisure-consumption model in the labor market. So, this research estimates a Job Stress Index (JSI) using the fuzzy sets measurement method with the aim of identifying the stress levels faced by the employed population and its possible determinants. Once the JSI is estimated, we analyzed the profile of job stress using a probit ordered multinomial model from a set of sociodemographic and labor attributes. The results suggest the job stress is not correlated with the employment rates. Likewise, the profile of working more than 48 hours a week, being a man, without a labor contract, divorced, changing of job, among other factors are associated with a high probability of being with job stress at least 17.19%. The JSI reconciles the importance of implementing occupational health programs in order to improve the work environment, and theoretical consistency according to the suggested from the psychology, becoming a novel contribution from the economic sciences. francaisLe stress est le resultat de l'inegalite du modele traditionnel de loisirs et de consommation sur le marche du travail. Afin d'identifier les niveaux de stress rencontres par la population employee et leurs possibles determinants, nous avons estime un indice de stress au travail (JSI), a travers la methode de mesure d'ensemble flou. Par la suite, nous avons analyse le profil de stress au travail en utilisant un modele multinomial ordonne probit, lequel est base sur un ensemble d'attributs sociodemographiques et professionnels. Les resultats suggerent que le JSI n'est pas correle avec le taux d'emploi. D'autre part, nous montrons que les facteurs tels que : travailler plus de 48 heures par semaine, etre un homme, ne pas avoir un contrat de travail, etre divorce et avoir l'intention de changer d'emploi parmi d’autres fac","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"189-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43588725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic presenteeism and violence against women in schools of business and engineering in Peruvian universities","authors":"Raquel Chafloque-Céspedes, Arístides A. Vara-Horna, Zaida Asencios-Gonzales, Dennis Lopez-Odar, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Liliana Quipuzco-Chicata, C. Schulze, Marté Sánchez-Villagómez","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a340726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a340726","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the relationship between violence against women (VAW) in intimate partner relationships and academic presenteeism of students enrolled in business and engineering programs, at Peruvian universities. This study adopted an exploratory cross-sectional survey design through a survey of 2640 university students from the business and engineering schools of 34 Peruvian universities. It was found that 96.5% of the respondents reported academic presenteeism and 32.0% are survivors of VAW. Partial least squares regression found that VAW generates 8.47 days lost due to academic presenteeism, which at the same time generates 15.12 critical incidents with professors and colleagues, during the academic year. Finally, it was demonstrated that VAW is a determining factor that explains 7.2% of university students’ academic presenteeism. This study is among the very few that empirically seek to explore the actual time that students use in a day at university. Thus, it measured actual academic productive hours of university students in Peru.","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procedimiento de optimización no lineal para la cuantificación del aporte de la energía eléctrica en el crecimiento económico colombiano, 1925-1997","authors":"Oscar Gonzalo Manrique-Díaz, Diego Fernando Lemus-Polanía","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a341714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a341714","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo se incluye la energia electrica (E) como una tercera variable en la funcion de produccion estandar Cobb-Douglas para determinar su participacion en el PIB de Colombia y calcular su elasticidad asociada entre 1925 y 1997. Para tal efecto, se emplean el modelo LINEX y el algoritmo de optimizacion no lineal de Levenberg-Marquardt, bajo el supuesto de elasticidades de produccion no negativas para ajustar la funcion de produccion, corregida y basada en dicho modelo. El analisis se alimenta de las series de PIB, capital (K) y trabajo (L) que elaboro el GRECO para el Banco de la Republica, y tambien de una serie temporal de energia electrica (E) producida con el patrocinio de Colciencias. Los resultados calculados para las elasticidades asociadas permiten verificar que, en concordancia con los casos de estudio conocidos, la energia electrica ha tenido mayor peso en la estructura del PIB que los factores tradicionales. Se concluye que la condicion de rendimientos constantes de la funcion de produccion estandar no se aplica a ninguna economia conocida, sea esta de un pais desarrollado o no. francaisDans ce travail, l'energie electrique (E) est incluse comme troisieme variable dans la fonction de production standard du type Cobb-Douglas, afin de determiner sa participation au PIB de Colombie et pouvoir ainsi calculer son elasticite associee entre 1925 et 1997. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons le modele LINEX et l’algorithme d'optimisation non lineaire de Levenberg-Marquardt, sous l'hypothese d'elasticites de production non negatives. Cette demarche permet d’ajuster et de corrigees la fonction de production. L'analyse est basee sur les series du PIB, capital (K) et travail (L) que les chercheurs du GRECO ont prepare pour le Banco de la Republica, ainsi que sur une serie chronologique d'energie electrique (E), laquelle est obtenue grâce au parrainage de Colciencias. Les resultats calcules pour les elasticites associees permettent de verifier que, conformement aux etudes deja connues, l'energie electrique a eu un poids plus important dans la structure du PIB par rapport aux facteurs traditionnels. Nous concluons que la condition de rendement constant de la fonction de production standard ne s'applique a aucune economie connue, qu'elle soit ou non developpee. EnglishIn this work, electrical energy (E) is included as a third variable in the Cobb-Douglas standard production function, to determine its participation in Colombia's GDP and calculate its associated elasticity between 1925 and 1997. For this purpose, the LINEX model and the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear optimization algorithm was used, under the assumption of non-negative production elasticities, to adjust the production function, corrected and based on said model. The analysis is fed by the GDP, capital (K) and labor (L) series prepared by GRECO for Banco de la Republica, and also by a electrical energy (E) time series produced under the sponsorship of Colciencias. The results cal","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"65-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45441852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El costo económico de los desastres naturales","authors":"Jorge Barrientos-Marín, Sebastian Ospina-Valencia, Sebastian Giraldo","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a340531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a340531","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo estamos interesados en estimar el costo economico del tsunami ocurrido en 2011 en Japon, el cual afecto dramaticamente las prefecturas (provincias) de la region nororiental (Fukushima, Itawe y Miyagui) y origino la posterior emergencia nuclear causada por el dano del reactor de Fukushima. Para lograr el objetivo, se utiliza la metodologia de control sintetico (MCS) construyendo “prefecturas sinteticas” y utilizando las prefecturas que no fueron afectadas por el tsunami. Los resultados muestran que el costo del desastre en 2011 ascendio a 2,5 billones de yenes (23000 millones de USD), equivalente al 18% de un bloque del PIB (sumatoria de los PIB sectoriales relevantes para la economia de las tres prefecturas); asi mismo, evidenciaron que el efecto causal positivo medido entre 2012 y 2014 fue de alrededor de 1,4 billones de yenes (12800 millones de USD), equivalente al 10% del PIB. Los resultados de este articulo son relevantes, pues proveen una metodologia para estimar el efecto causal economico de desastres naturales o de conflictos. EnglishIn this paper we are interested in estimating the economic cost of the tsunami occurred in 2011 in Japan (as well as the subsequent nuclear emergency caused by the damage to the Fukushima’s reactor) and that affected the prefectures (provinces) of the northeast region (Fukushima, Itawe and Miyagui). To this goal, we perform the synthetic control methodology (MCS), by constructing “synthetic prefecture” using the prefectures that were not affected by the Tsunami. The results show that the cost of disaster in 2011 amounted to 2.5 billion yen (23.000 million US $), equivalent to 18% of GDP (sum of the sectoral GDP relevant to the economy of the three prefectures) and the positive causal effect measured between 2012 and 2014 was around 1.4 billion yen (12.800 million US $), equivalent to10% of GDP. The results of this paper are relevant due to they provide us a methodology for estimating the economic causal effect of disasters and conflicts francaisDans ce travail nous souhaitons estimer le cout economique du tsunami survenu en 2011 au Japon, lequel a touche de facon spectaculaire les provinces de la region nord-est du pays (Fukushima, Itawe et Miyagui) et qui a endommage le reacteur nucleaire de Fukushima. Pour atteindre l'objectif, la methodologie de controle synthetique (MCS) est utilisee, ce qui implique distinguer les « provinces synthetiques » touchees et les provinces qui n'ont pas ete touchees par le tsunami. Les resultats montrent que le cout de la catastrophe s'est eleve a 2,5 billions de yens (23 milliards USD), soit 18% d'un bloc du PIB (la somme du PIB des secteurs essentiels des trois provinces). De meme, nous montons que l'effet causal positif entre 2012 et 2014 etait d'environ 1,4 billion de yens (12,8 milliards USD), soit 10% du PIB. Les resultats de cet article fournissent une methodologie pour estimer l'effet causal economique, soit des catastrophes naturelles ou bien des ","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"225-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuarenta años de activismo empresarial antioqueño en los procesos de paz en Colombia (1980-2020)","authors":"Germán Darío Valencia-Agudelo","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a342251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a342251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49284012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis financiera mundial y sus efectos sobre el canal del crédito bancario en la economía colombiana","authors":"David Rodríguez-González, Inés María Ulloa-Villegas","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a340990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a340990","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el canal del crédito bancario en Colombia para el periodo 1995-2015, teniendo en cuenta las repercusiones que tuvo la crisis financiera mundial del 2007 sobre este. Para ello, se divide la muestra en dos periodos (pre y poscrisis) y se utilizan dos enfoques con el fin de obtener resultados robustos. Utilizando modelos de datos panel, se encuentra que un incremento en la tasa de interés de referencia de 1% disminuye el crédito bancario en un 2 a 3% (independientemente del enfoque usado), lo cual evidencia la existencia del canal para el periodo precrisis; asimismo, los resultados encontrados muestran que dicho canal tiene efectos heterogéneos. Por otro lado, para el periodo poscrisis, los resultados pierden significancia estadística, lo que sugiere que la crisis financiera mundial sí tuvo un efecto sobre dicho canal. Lo anterior implica que el banco central de Colombia, al momento de tomar decisiones y de formular su política monetaria, debería tener en cuenta que el efecto final sobre la economía no es el mismo al efecto observado antes del 2007.","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grupos de interés e impuesto al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Colombia","authors":"J. Díaz-García, Germán Darío Valencia-Agudelo, Isabel Cristina Carmona-Garcés, L. González-Zapata","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a338783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a338783","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLos grupos de interes son actores clave en las decisiones de politica publica. Este articulo analiza el proceso decisorio de la propuesta de impuesto al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Colombia y el papel de grupos de interes en ese proceso. Con este objetivo, el presente estudio usa el analisis stakeholder, para el cual se recolecto informacion sobre el proceso decisorio y el papel de los grupos de interes a partir de revision documental y entrevistas estructuradas; ademas, se determino el grado de relaciones, incidencia y poder de los grupos de interes entrevistados. Los hallazgos muestran la influencia y el poder de la industria de bebidas para bloquear procesos de agenda publica que van en contra de sus intereses; para lo cual usan diferentes instrumentos, como la capacidad organizativa y de persuasion, su poder economico, entre otros. En conclusion, la toma de decisiones se da en funcion de la movilizacion de los distintos intereses sectoriales. Este caso refleja la necesidad del fortalecimiento del sistema democratico, con mayor incidencia de la sociedad civil EnglishStakeholders are key actors in public policy decisions. This article analyzes the decision-making process of the proposed consumption tax on sweetened beverages in Colombia and the role of stakeholders in that process. To this purpose, this study uses stakeholder analysis, for which information on the decision-making process and the role of stakeholders was collected from document review and structured interviews; in addition, the level of relationships, incidence, and power of the interviewed stakeholders was determined. The findings show the influence and power of the beverage industry to block public agenda processes that go against their interests; for which they use different instruments, such as organizational and persuasive capacity, their economic power, among others. In conclusion, decision making is a function of the mobilization of different sectoral interests. This case reflects the need to strengthen the democratic system, with greater influence from civil society. francaisLes groupes d'interet sont des acteurs cles dans les decisions concernant les politiques publiques. Cet article analyse le processus decisionnel du projet de loi qui prevoit une taxe a la consommation sur les boissons sucrees en Colombie, ainsi que le role joue par les groupes d'interet. Cette etude utilise une analyse des parties prenantes, dont les informations sur le processus decisionnel et le role des groupes d'interet ont ete collectees d’apres une revue documentaire et d'entretiens structures. De plus, le degre de relations, l'incidence et le pouvoir des groupes d'interet interroges ont ete ainsi determines. Les resultats montrent l'influence et le pouvoir de l'industrie des boissons pour bloquer les processus d'agenda public qui vont a l'encontre de l’interet general. Cette industrie utilise differents instruments tels que la capacite organisationnelle, la persuasion et le pouvoir","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"155-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sectoral Price and Quantity Indexes of Argentine Foreign Trade","authors":"Florencia Fares, Guido Zack, R. Martínez","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a338277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a338277","url":null,"abstract":"Argentina does not have a sufficiently complete and developed system of sectoral statistical data on foreign trade. This paper tries to make a contribution showing a methodology to calculate foreign trade indexes, based on unit values obtained from Foreign Trade Consultation System of INDEC. This methodology is applied to the quarterly data of Argentine sectoral imports and exports and its accuracy is shown from the comparison with price indexes published by INDEC (aggregate level) and Brazilian statistical institute (sectoral level). Our indexes show a correlation above 80% and variability close to the benchmark in almost all sectors. Finally, we analyzed the contribution of each sector to foreign trade growth during 1996-2016 using the estimated quantity indexes, something impossible to obtain without the estimated price indexes. Both real exports and imports show a weak growth pace of 2.3% and 2.4% per year, respectively. The leading sectors are Foodstuff industry and Agricultural products in exports, and Motor vehicles and Chemical products in imports for the whole period","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"297-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Estructura histórica, social y política de Colombia\", writen by Fernando Guillén Martínez","authors":"C. Báez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.LE.N92A09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.LE.N92A09","url":null,"abstract":"Resena del libro \"Estructura historica, social y politica de Colombia\", del historiador y sociologo Fernando Guillen Martinez","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"233-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44095981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}