Lecturas de Economia最新文献

{"title":"Análisis territorial de las elasticidades de sustitución de los factores de producción en la industria manufacturera colombiana (1992 – 2018)","authors":"Julián Augusto Casas Herrera, Jhancarlos Gutiérrez-Ayala","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.LE.N94A343836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.LE.N94A343836","url":null,"abstract":"El artículo presenta la estimación de las elasticidades propias y de sustitución entre los insumos trabajo, materias primas, capital, gasto energético y otros gastos de producción para el sector industrial manufacturero de Colombia, la región central y el departamento de Boyacá. Las estimaciones se realizaron a través de la aplicación de funciones de costos translogarítmicas con datos para el periodo 1992 - 2018 de la Encuesta Anual Manufacturera (EAM). Dentro de los resultados se destaca el bajo nivel sustitutivo entre capital y trabajo en el escenario nacional, contando con una elasticidad de 0,08%; en el caso del departamento la relación fue complementaria, aumentos de 1% en el precio del capital se relacionan con una reducción promedio de 0,17% en la demanda de trabajo. Estos resultados muestran diferencias en la participación relativa promedio de los factores de producción en el costo total, lo que permite concluir que las dinámicas del sector industrial nacional, regional y del departamento son heterogéneas.","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43498106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis de los incentivos económicos en la capacidad instalada de energía solar fotovoltaica en Colombia","authors":"Manuela Castaño-Gómez, John J. García-Rendón","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a338727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a338727","url":null,"abstract":"espanolDebido a la caida abrupta a nivel mundial del costo nivelado de las tecnologias renovables no convencionales para la generacion de energia con estas fuentes (en el caso de los mercados en Estados Unidos entre 39 y 152 USD/MWh para la energia solar fotovoltaica y entre 26 y 50 USD/MWh para la eolica), se ha sustituido la utilizacion de mecanismos como las Feed in Tariff por las subastas, como un mecanismo de mercado viable para incentivar la inversion en estas fuentes de generacion. Por medio del modelo de difusion tecnologica de Bass, este articulo analiza el impacto que tienen los incentivos actuales, contemplados en la Ley 1715 de 2014, en la inversion en energia solar fotovoltaica en Colombia. Los principales resultados arrojados por el escenario de un proyecto a gran escala muestran una capacidad instalada de energia solar fotovoltaica de 1.542 MW en 2030, lo que lo hace el mas rentable y el de mayor potencial de crecimiento. El aporte del articulo es examinar el potencial que tiene el mercado electrico colombiano respecto a la inclusion de energia solar fotovoltaica. EnglishDue to the abrupt drop in the worldwide energy generation levelized cost of non-conventional renewable technologies (in the case of the markets in the United States between 39 to 152 USD/MWh for photovoltaic solar energy and between 26 to 50 USD/MWh for wind energy), the use of mechanisms such as Feed in Tariff have been replaced by auctions, as a viable market mechanism to encourage investment on these generation sources. Based on Bass's technology diffusion model, this paper analyzes the impact of current incentives, considered in Law 1715 of 2014, on investment in photovoltaic solar energy in Colombia. The main results of the large-scale project scenario show an installed capacity 1542 MW of solar PV by 2030, which makes it the most profitable and the one with the highest growth potential. The contribution in this paper is to survey the Colombian electricity market potential on the inclusion of solar PV francaisEn raison de la chute brutale au niveau mondial de la production d'energie a des technologies renouvelables non conventionnelles (aux Etats-Unis une chute entre 39 et 152 USD/MWh pour l'energie solaire photovoltaique entre 26 et 50 USD/MWh pour l'energie eolienne), l'utilisation du Feed in Tariff a ete remplacee par des encheres, en tant que mecanisme de marche viable a fin d’encourager l'investissement dans ces sources d’energie. Tout en utilisant le modele de diffusion technologique de Bass, cet article analyse l'impact des incitations economiques de la loi 1715 de 2014, sur l'investissement dans la production d'energie solaire photovoltaique en Colombie. Les principaux resultats montrent qu’un projet a grande echelle aurait une capacite installee de 1542 MW d'energie solaire photovoltaique pour l’annee 2030. Il s’agit du projet le plus rentable et celui avec le plus grand potentiel de croissance. La contribution de l'article est d’examiner le potentiel","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"23-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45072850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluación de política pública y equilibrio general aplicado","authors":"G. Hernández-Diaz","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a338791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a338791","url":null,"abstract":"espanolExisten muchos articulos tecnicos acerca de la construccion, calibracion y solucion de los modelos de equilibrio general aplicados, pero pocos acerca de la metodologia y conceptos usados para llegar a la construccion de estos. Este trabajo, concentra la discusion en el area conceptual de estos modelos, mas que en su parte tecnica. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los elementos conceptuales clave para tener en cuenta antes de la construccion de esta clase de modelos. Como se aprecia a lo largo del trabajo, estos modelos tienen una solida base conceptual que permite la construccion de diferentes choques economicos o alternativas de politica economica, que sirven para el analisis y la evaluacion de politicas publicas. Finalmente, dada la microfundamentacion de estos modelos, la forma en la cual se esparcen los choques a traves de la economia puede analizarse; sin embargo, esto depende de los parametros que son colocados en las formas funcionales del modelo. EnglishThere are many technical papers about construction, calibration and solution of applied general equilibrium models, but few about methodology and concepts used to arrive at the construction of these. This paper aim is discussion in the conceptual area of these models, rather than in the technical part. In this way, here shows key conceptual elements to take in account before building this kind of models. As it can be seen throughout this paper, this kind of models have a solid conceptual base that allows the construction of different economic shocks or economic policy alternatives, which serve for the analysis and evaluation of public policies. Moreover, this way of building policy scenarios is not only applied in this type of model, but in other alternatives of public policy analysis. Lastly, given the micro-foundation of these models, the way in which shocks are spread throughout the economy can be analyzed, however, this depends on the parameters that are settled in the functional forms of the model francaisIl existe de nombreux articles techniques sur la construction, l'etalonnage et la solution des modeles d'equilibre general appliques, mais tres peu parmi d’eux font reference a la methodologie et les concepts utilises dans leur construction. Ce travail concentre la discussion dans le domaine conceptuel de ces modeles plutot que dans sa formulation technique. L'objectif de ce travail est de presenter les elements conceptuels cles a prendre en compte avant la construction de cette classe de modeles. Nous verrons que ces modeles ont une base conceptuelle solide qui permet la construction de differents chocs economiques ou alternatives de politique economique, lesquelles servent a l'evaluation des politiques publiques. Enfin, compte tenu des fondements micro-economiques de ces modeles, nous analysons la maniere dont les chocs sont repartis dans l'ensemble de l'economie, cependant, cela depend des parametres places dans les formes fonctionnelles du modele.","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"101-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44516885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lecturas de Economía","authors":"Danny García-Callejas","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a342252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a342252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46110355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic presenteeism and violence against women in schools of business and engineering in Peruvian universities","authors":"Raquel Chafloque-Céspedes, Arístides A. Vara-Horna, Zaida Asencios-Gonzales, Dennis Lopez-Odar, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Liliana Quipuzco-Chicata, C. Schulze, Marté Sánchez-Villagómez","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a340726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a340726","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the relationship between violence against women (VAW) in intimate partner relationships and academic presenteeism of students enrolled in business and engineering programs, at Peruvian universities. This study adopted an exploratory cross-sectional survey design through a survey of 2640 university students from the business and engineering schools of 34 Peruvian universities. It was found that 96.5% of the respondents reported academic presenteeism and 32.0% are survivors of VAW. Partial least squares regression found that VAW generates 8.47 days lost due to academic presenteeism, which at the same time generates 15.12 critical incidents with professors and colleagues, during the academic year. Finally, it was demonstrated that VAW is a determining factor that explains 7.2% of university students’ academic presenteeism. This study is among the very few that empirically seek to explore the actual time that students use in a day at university. Thus, it measured actual academic productive hours of university students in Peru.","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El costo económico de los desastres naturales","authors":"Jorge Barrientos-Marín, Sebastian Ospina-Valencia, Sebastian Giraldo","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a340531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a340531","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo estamos interesados en estimar el costo economico del tsunami ocurrido en 2011 en Japon, el cual afecto dramaticamente las prefecturas (provincias) de la region nororiental (Fukushima, Itawe y Miyagui) y origino la posterior emergencia nuclear causada por el dano del reactor de Fukushima. Para lograr el objetivo, se utiliza la metodologia de control sintetico (MCS) construyendo “prefecturas sinteticas” y utilizando las prefecturas que no fueron afectadas por el tsunami. Los resultados muestran que el costo del desastre en 2011 ascendio a 2,5 billones de yenes (23000 millones de USD), equivalente al 18% de un bloque del PIB (sumatoria de los PIB sectoriales relevantes para la economia de las tres prefecturas); asi mismo, evidenciaron que el efecto causal positivo medido entre 2012 y 2014 fue de alrededor de 1,4 billones de yenes (12800 millones de USD), equivalente al 10% del PIB. Los resultados de este articulo son relevantes, pues proveen una metodologia para estimar el efecto causal economico de desastres naturales o de conflictos. EnglishIn this paper we are interested in estimating the economic cost of the tsunami occurred in 2011 in Japan (as well as the subsequent nuclear emergency caused by the damage to the Fukushima’s reactor) and that affected the prefectures (provinces) of the northeast region (Fukushima, Itawe and Miyagui). To this goal, we perform the synthetic control methodology (MCS), by constructing “synthetic prefecture” using the prefectures that were not affected by the Tsunami. The results show that the cost of disaster in 2011 amounted to 2.5 billion yen (23.000 million US $), equivalent to 18% of GDP (sum of the sectoral GDP relevant to the economy of the three prefectures) and the positive causal effect measured between 2012 and 2014 was around 1.4 billion yen (12.800 million US $), equivalent to10% of GDP. The results of this paper are relevant due to they provide us a methodology for estimating the economic causal effect of disasters and conflicts francaisDans ce travail nous souhaitons estimer le cout economique du tsunami survenu en 2011 au Japon, lequel a touche de facon spectaculaire les provinces de la region nord-est du pays (Fukushima, Itawe et Miyagui) et qui a endommage le reacteur nucleaire de Fukushima. Pour atteindre l'objectif, la methodologie de controle synthetique (MCS) est utilisee, ce qui implique distinguer les « provinces synthetiques » touchees et les provinces qui n'ont pas ete touchees par le tsunami. Les resultats montrent que le cout de la catastrophe s'est eleve a 2,5 billions de yens (23 milliards USD), soit 18% d'un bloc du PIB (la somme du PIB des secteurs essentiels des trois provinces). De meme, nous montons que l'effet causal positif entre 2012 et 2014 etait d'environ 1,4 billion de yens (12,8 milliards USD), soit 10% du PIB. Les resultats de cet article fournissent une methodologie pour estimer l'effet causal economique, soit des catastrophes naturelles ou bien des ","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"225-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuarenta años de activismo empresarial antioqueño en los procesos de paz en Colombia (1980-2020)","authors":"Germán Darío Valencia-Agudelo","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a342251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a342251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49284012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis financiera mundial y sus efectos sobre el canal del crédito bancario en la economía colombiana","authors":"David Rodríguez-González, Inés María Ulloa-Villegas","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a340990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a340990","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el canal del crédito bancario en Colombia para el periodo 1995-2015, teniendo en cuenta las repercusiones que tuvo la crisis financiera mundial del 2007 sobre este. Para ello, se divide la muestra en dos periodos (pre y poscrisis) y se utilizan dos enfoques con el fin de obtener resultados robustos. Utilizando modelos de datos panel, se encuentra que un incremento en la tasa de interés de referencia de 1% disminuye el crédito bancario en un 2 a 3% (independientemente del enfoque usado), lo cual evidencia la existencia del canal para el periodo precrisis; asimismo, los resultados encontrados muestran que dicho canal tiene efectos heterogéneos. Por otro lado, para el periodo poscrisis, los resultados pierden significancia estadística, lo que sugiere que la crisis financiera mundial sí tuvo un efecto sobre dicho canal. Lo anterior implica que el banco central de Colombia, al momento de tomar decisiones y de formular su política monetaria, debería tener en cuenta que el efecto final sobre la economía no es el mismo al efecto observado antes del 2007.","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grupos de interés e impuesto al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Colombia","authors":"J. Díaz-García, Germán Darío Valencia-Agudelo, Isabel Cristina Carmona-Garcés, L. González-Zapata","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a338783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a338783","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLos grupos de interes son actores clave en las decisiones de politica publica. Este articulo analiza el proceso decisorio de la propuesta de impuesto al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Colombia y el papel de grupos de interes en ese proceso. Con este objetivo, el presente estudio usa el analisis stakeholder, para el cual se recolecto informacion sobre el proceso decisorio y el papel de los grupos de interes a partir de revision documental y entrevistas estructuradas; ademas, se determino el grado de relaciones, incidencia y poder de los grupos de interes entrevistados. Los hallazgos muestran la influencia y el poder de la industria de bebidas para bloquear procesos de agenda publica que van en contra de sus intereses; para lo cual usan diferentes instrumentos, como la capacidad organizativa y de persuasion, su poder economico, entre otros. En conclusion, la toma de decisiones se da en funcion de la movilizacion de los distintos intereses sectoriales. Este caso refleja la necesidad del fortalecimiento del sistema democratico, con mayor incidencia de la sociedad civil EnglishStakeholders are key actors in public policy decisions. This article analyzes the decision-making process of the proposed consumption tax on sweetened beverages in Colombia and the role of stakeholders in that process. To this purpose, this study uses stakeholder analysis, for which information on the decision-making process and the role of stakeholders was collected from document review and structured interviews; in addition, the level of relationships, incidence, and power of the interviewed stakeholders was determined. The findings show the influence and power of the beverage industry to block public agenda processes that go against their interests; for which they use different instruments, such as organizational and persuasive capacity, their economic power, among others. In conclusion, decision making is a function of the mobilization of different sectoral interests. This case reflects the need to strengthen the democratic system, with greater influence from civil society. francaisLes groupes d'interet sont des acteurs cles dans les decisions concernant les politiques publiques. Cet article analyse le processus decisionnel du projet de loi qui prevoit une taxe a la consommation sur les boissons sucrees en Colombie, ainsi que le role joue par les groupes d'interet. Cette etude utilise une analyse des parties prenantes, dont les informations sur le processus decisionnel et le role des groupes d'interet ont ete collectees d’apres une revue documentaire et d'entretiens structures. De plus, le degre de relations, l'incidence et le pouvoir des groupes d'interet interroges ont ete ainsi determines. Les resultats montrent l'influence et le pouvoir de l'industrie des boissons pour bloquer les processus d'agenda public qui vont a l'encontre de l’interet general. Cette industrie utilise differents instruments tels que la capacite organisationnelle, la persuasion et le pouvoir","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"155-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sectoral Price and Quantity Indexes of Argentine Foreign Trade","authors":"Florencia Fares, Guido Zack, R. Martínez","doi":"10.17533/udea.le.n93a338277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n93a338277","url":null,"abstract":"Argentina does not have a sufficiently complete and developed system of sectoral statistical data on foreign trade. This paper tries to make a contribution showing a methodology to calculate foreign trade indexes, based on unit values obtained from Foreign Trade Consultation System of INDEC. This methodology is applied to the quarterly data of Argentine sectoral imports and exports and its accuracy is shown from the comparison with price indexes published by INDEC (aggregate level) and Brazilian statistical institute (sectoral level). Our indexes show a correlation above 80% and variability close to the benchmark in almost all sectors. Finally, we analyzed the contribution of each sector to foreign trade growth during 1996-2016 using the estimated quantity indexes, something impossible to obtain without the estimated price indexes. Both real exports and imports show a weak growth pace of 2.3% and 2.4% per year, respectively. The leading sectors are Foodstuff industry and Agricultural products in exports, and Motor vehicles and Chemical products in imports for the whole period","PeriodicalId":52205,"journal":{"name":"Lecturas de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":"297-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}