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{"title":"Effect of agricultural meteorological disasters on the production corn in the Northeast China","authors":"Yi-jun Li, H. Lyu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.03061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.03061","url":null,"abstract":": Agricultural meteorological disasters are the main natural disasters that threaten grain output. In recent years, with climate change, agricultural meteorological disasters are more and more frequent, and their impact on northeast China is also in-creasing. In this paper, to make better use of advantages and avoid disadvantages in actual production to ensure food production safety, spring corn in three provinces of northeast China was taken as the research object to discuss the impact of major agricultural meteorological disasters in this region on spring corn yield and its degree. The results showed that agricultural meteorological disasters could explain about 50% of the fluctuation of spring corn yield in Northeast China, and the main agricultural meteorological disasters that affected spring corn production had changed from cold damage in the traditional sense to drought. Under the background of climate warming, the main factor affecting spring corn production was changed from thermal condition to wa-ter condition, and drought had become the primary disaster threatening spring corn production. The agricultural meteorological disasters that affected the spring corn yield in Liaoning province were drought, flood, and wind in order of the degree of influence. The agricultural meteorological disaster that affected spring corn yield in Jilin province was only drought. The agricultural meteorological disasters affecting the yield of spring corn in Heilongjiang province were ranked as flood, drought, and cold damage according to the degree of impact. In conclusion, due to geographical differences, the main agro-meteorological disasters affecting the corn production in the three provinces of Northeast China were also different, and their complexity was not the same, which cannot be generalized in the specific study.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45634540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy structure, photosynthesis, grain filling, and dehydration characteristics of maize varieties suitable for grain mechanical harvesting","authors":"Tian-jun Xu, Y. Zhang, Jiu-ran Zhao, Ronghuan Wang, Tian-Fang Lyu, Yuee Liu, Wan-tao Cai, Hong-wei Liu, Chuanyong Chen, Yuandong Wang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13036","url":null,"abstract":": To provide technical support for the selection and popularization of corn varieties suitable for mechanized grain harvest, the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, and mechanical harvesting characteristics of different types of maize varieties were compared with 24 maize varieties including Jingnongke 728 produced and widely promoted in China. The results showed that: (1) The average yield, moisture content, broken rate and impurity content at harvest of the tested varieties were 11,658.78 kg hm –2 , 24.66%, 3.90%, and 0.83%. The average yield of 18 suitable machine harvesting varieties such as Jingnongke 728 with Jing 2416 as male parent was 11,802.70 kg hm –2 , which was significantly higher by 7.69% and 4.45% than those of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, respectively. The grain moisture content at harvest was lower than 28% (average 24.61%); The average broken rate was less than 5% (average 3.42%), reaching the national standard of machine harvested grain. (2) 18 maize varieties suitable for grain mechanical harvesting such as Jingnongke 728 with Jing 2416 as male parent had small angle between stem and leaf, compact plant type, high average light transmittance and more reasonable light distribution. (3) The average net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of the tested maize varieties were 34.10 μ mol CO 2 m –2 s –1 and 8.91 mg m 2 . The average net photosynthetic rate of the 18 maize varieties suitable for machine harvesting with Jing 2416 as male parent was 35.21 μ mol CO 2 m –2 s –1 , which was 19.60% and 6.73% higher than Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335. The average chlorophyll content was 9.87 mg m 2 , which was 61.54% and 68.43% higher than Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335. (4) The average grain filling rate and dehydration rate after physiological maturity of 18 varieties with Jing 2416 as male parent were 0.83 g 100 grain –1 d –1 and 0.55% d –1 , respectively, which were significantly higher than those of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, showing a lower grain moisture content at harvest. (5) Correlation analysis revealed that the yield of the tested varieties was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate and grain filling rate. The net photosynthetic rate was negatively correlated with the angle between stem and leaf, and positively correlated with light transmittance and chlorophyll content. Grain moisture content at harvest was significantly positively correlated with breakage rate, impurity content and grain moisture content after physiological maturity, negatively correlated with dehydration rate after physiological maturity, and negatively correlated with grain filling rate. In conclusion, maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting under the condition of high planting density should have compact plant type, high canopy light transmittance, strong photosynthetic capacity, high grain filling, and dehydration rate, which could lead to achieve lower grain moisture content and higher yield.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46312225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic characterization and gene mapping of an <italic>early senescence leaf H5</italic>(<italic>esl-H5</italic>) mutant in rice (<italic>Oryza sativa</italic> L.)","authors":"Chongke Zheng, Guanhua Zhou, S. Niu, Yanli He, Wei Sun, Xianzhi Xie","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48598898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity analysis of Chinese fresh corn hybrids using SNP Chips","authors":"Yingchun Xiao, Yong-Tao Yu, Li-hua Xie, Xi-Tao Qi, Chunyan Li, Tian-xiang Wen, Gao-Ke Li, Jian-Guang Hu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of feed crops to saline-alkali soil stress and effect of improving saline-alkali soil","authors":"Wang-Nian Wang, Junzhu Ge, Haitang Yang, Fating Yin, T. Huang, Jie Kuai, Jing Wang, Bo Wang, Guanghong Zhou, Tinghuan Fu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14051","url":null,"abstract":": Saline-alkali land widely distributes with large area in China. It is of great significance to select forage crops and rea-lize planting and breeding cycle in saline-alkali land to promote the development of herbivorous animal husbandry and the improvement of saline-alkali land in China. In this study, the plots with high salinity difference were selected from the coastal sa-line-alkali land in Tianjin (NaCl type) and the inland saline-alkali land in northwest Xinjiang (Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type), respectively, and six field crops such as corn, sorghum, wheat, millet, soybean, and rapeseed with feed value were planted to determine the biomass, crude protein content, sodium and potassium ion content, and other indicators. The results were as follows. When the salt content was less than 1.82 g kg –1 and 2.00 g kg –1 in saline-alkali land NaCl type and Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type, respectively. The biomass and crude protein yield of the crops were close to those of conventional cultivated land, suggesting that saline-alkali land in low salt content could be used as forage production base. When the salt content reached 2.49 g kg –1 in the Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type saline-alkali soil, the biomass and crude protein yield of rapeseed were significantly higher than other crops. Thus, in the Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type saline-alkali soil with salt content lower than 2.49 g kg –1 , rapeseed could be planted for fodder development and utilization. When the salt content in saline-alkali land of NaCl type and Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type reached 3.63 g kg –1 and 4.42 g kg –1 , respectively. The biomass and crude protein yield of each crop was lower than 51.72% of that in conventional cultivated land, which made the utilization value of the cultivated land low. Therefore, it was recommended to use these saline-alkali land of NaCl type and Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 with high content salt and alkali after improvement. In the different plots of the two experimental sites, the enrichment of Na + in soil by rapeseed was significantly higher than the other crops at P < 0.05, and it also significantly reduced the total soil salt and Na + content. In this experiment, in plots with salinity of 1.82, 2.00, and 2.49 g kg –1 , rapeseed had the most obvious Na + enrichment effect. The enrichment of rapeseed on soil Na + was 39.45, 102.24, and 57.19 kg hm –2 respectively, accounting for 13.02%, 15.99%, and 8.94% of the Na + in the 0–20 cm cultivated layer soil, respectively. The improvement effect of rapeseed on saline-alkali land was significant. The above results provide a reference for the utilization of the saline-alkali land in China for the production of herbivorous feed raw materials, the promotion of the development of herbivorous animal husbandry, and the improvement of saline-alkali land.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different responses of rice cultivars to salt stress and the underlying mechanisms","authors":"Jiaqian Yan, Yi-Biao Gu, Zhangyi Xue, Tianyao Zhou, Qian-Qian Ge, Hao Zhang, Li-jun Liu, Zhiqin Wang, J. Gu, Jianchang Yang, Zhenxiang Zhou, Dandi Xu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44411858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents and compositions of amino acids in rice grains and their regulation: a review","authors":"Jianzhong Yang, Chao Li, Yi-Qing Jiang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12062","url":null,"abstract":": Amino acids in cereal grains are important nutrients for both human and animals. Increasing the content of amino acids in the rice grain, especially lysine and other essential amino acids, plays a very important role in improving the nutritional stan-dard of people in the countries with rice as staple food. This paper reviewed some research progresses in the contents and compositions of amino acids in the mature grain of rice and their distribution in the different parts of a grain, the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids in the grain, the role of plant hormones in regulating the synthesis and metabolism of on amino acids, and the effects of environmental factors and cultivation practices on the contents and compositions of amino acids in the grain, and dis-cussed the existing problems and key points for future research. It merits further investigating the temporal (at different filling stages) and spatial (at different parts of a grain) distribution characteristics of the contents and compositions of amino acids in a grain during the filling, their physiological and biochemical mechanism, and cultivation regulation and its principle. Such a study is expected to gain new insight into the mechanism in the formation and distributions of amino acids in a rice grain, and explore a new way to increase the contents of amino acids, especially essential amino acids such as lysine, in milled rice.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44801673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of genetically modified maize (<italic>Zea mays </italic>L.) NK603 matrix reference materials","authors":"L. Shan, Jun Li, Liangwwen Li, Li Zhang, Hao-Qian Wang, Jiaqi Gao, Gang Wu, Yu-hua Wu, Xiujie Zhang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48127582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of blast resistance genes in Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties","authors":"Z. Deng, Nan Jiang, Chen-jian Fu, Tianze Yan, Xing-Xue Fu, Xiaochun Hu, P. Qin, Shan Liu, Kai Wang, Yuanzhu Yang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12002","url":null,"abstract":": Longke 638S and Jing 4155S, developed by Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd. in 2014, were two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines with disease resistance, high grain quality and combining ability for producing mid-season indica hybrid rice. In this study, we analyzed the blast resistance evaluation data from the regional trials of the Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties approved by the state from 2015 to 2019. Meanwhile, to provide theoretical basis for distribution and further improvement of these hybrid rice varieties, a genotyping panel containing 16 rice blast resistance ( R ) genes based on KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) technology was developed and used for molecular detection of these hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that 43.92% of Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties conferred moderate resistance to severity (HSPBS) was 3.3 and 4.7, respectively. These hybrid rice varieties carried different number of R genes, ranging from 3 to 7. The average number of R genes in each variety was 5.1. The distribution frequency of the five genes including Pia , Pita , Pi2 , Pi5 , and Piz were higher by more 50%, among which, it was 100% for Pia gene. In contrast, Pi9 , Pi35 , Pi36 , and Pb1 genes were not detected in Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties. With the increase of the number of R genes in the varieties, the mean values of IDI and HSPBS were generally decreased. In conclusion, we suggested that introduction of Pi9 into Longke 638S and Jing 4155s might lead to the further improvement of blast resistance of Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47712629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of reduced nitrogen application on soil aeration and root nodule growth of relay strip intercropping soybean","authors":"Xi-Hong Peng, Ping Chen, Qing Du, Xu Yang, Junfang Ren, Benchuan Zheng, Kai Luo, Chengjun Xie, L. Lei, T. Yong, W. Yang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41888182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}