JMIR XR and spatial computing最新文献

{"title":"Augmented Reality in Enhancing Operating Room Crisis Checklist Adherence: Randomized Comparative Efficacy Study.","authors":"Rayan Ebnali Harari, Abdullah Altaweel, Erik Anderson, Charles Pozner, Rafael Grossmann, Andrew Goldsmith, Hamid Shokoohi","doi":"10.2196/60792","DOIUrl":"10.2196/60792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective crisis management in operating rooms (ORs) is crucial for patient safety. Despite their benefits, adherence to OR crisis checklists is often limited, highlighting the need for innovative solutions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of augmented reality (AR)-enhanced checklists in improving protocol adherence, compared to traditional paper checklists and no checklist scenarios during simulated OR crises.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a randomized comparative efficacy study comparing the utility of AR checklists, paper checklists, and no checklist scenarios using 4 validated and simulated OR crises scenarios: asystolic cardiac arrest, air embolism, unexplained hypotension/hypoxia, and malignant hyperthermia. The study took place in a simulated OR setting and had applicability to the standard procedures in ORs, critical care units, and urgent care scenarios in the emergency department. To form the 24 OR teams, 50 professionals including 24 anesthesiologists, 24 nurses, 1 surgeon, and 1 scrub nurse from two academic hospitals were included. The primary outcome measured was the failure to adhere (FTA) rate for critical actions during simulated OR crises. Adherence was determined using retrospective video analysis involving 595 key processes evaluated across 24 surgical teams. Interrater reliability was assessed using a Cohen κ. Secondary outcomes included checklist usability and cognitive load, as measured by the low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio of the heart rate variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AR checklist group showed a significantly lower FTA rate (mean 15.1%, SD 5.77%) compared to the paper checklist (mean 8.32%, SD 5.65%; <i>t</i> ₂₃=-2.08; <i>P</i>=.048) and the no checklist groups (mean 29.81%, SD 5.59%; <i>t</i> ₂₃=-6.47; <i>P</i><.001). The AR checklist also resulted in a higher LF/HF ratio for anesthesiologists (<i>F</i> _2,46=4.88; <i>P</i>=.02), showing a potential increase in the level of cognitive load. Survey data indicated positive receptions for both AR and paper checklists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that AR checklists could offer a viable method for enhancing adherence to critical care protocols. Although, further research is needed to fully assess their impact on clinical outcomes and to address any associated increase in cognitive load.</p>","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"2 ","pages":"e60792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Mixed Reality Simulation Training Technology With Real-Time Performance Visualization: Mixed Methods Study With Medical First Responders.","authors":"Olivia Zechner, Helmut Schrom-Feiertag, Rafael Wespi, Daniele Pretolesi, Quynh Nguyen, Manfred Tscheligi","doi":"10.2196/57655","DOIUrl":"10.2196/57655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mixed reality (MR) simulation training is emerging in paramedical education as a way to practice responding to stress-intensive scenarios like mass casualty incidents in a safe and controlled environment. Current training platforms, however, lack real-time stress and human performance monitoring tools.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to enhance MR training for medical first responders through real-time evaluation of performance and stress levels, leveraging biosignal monitoring and advanced analytics to allow instructors to tailor feedback and maintain optimal challenge and safety levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study includes a structured, multiphase approach including initial requirement gathering (structured interviews and cocreation workshops), an online design survey, iterative prototype development, and a field trial (including training observations and interviews). Data were collected from 5 end user consortium members across Europe. Quantitative data from checklists were analyzed using frequencies and percentages to understand feature usage and event occurrences. Qualitative data from semistructured interviews and cocreation workshops were transcribed, coded, and subjected to thematic analysis to identify patterns and insights into the usability and effectiveness of the enhanced features in the MR training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified a number of requirements that medical first responders have for an MR training system, including requirements not included in currently available solutions. A total of 80 performance metrics were initially identified and refined to a set of 54 metrics, which were categorized into key performance indicator groups such as scene safety, triage performance, and communication. Requirements for smart wearables to monitor stress levels are provided and highlight the importance of a user-centered design process to provide users with effective tools that fit their needs. Stress visualization preferences are described in the form of a dashboard as well as in virtual environments surrounding the avatar. Using an iterative design process and user feedback, a training system was developed, integrating real-time performance tracking and stress monitoring. The field trial provided insights into the practical use of these features during a real training exercise, showed interaction preferences between trainer and trainees, and highlighted further improvement opportunities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research enhances MR training for paramedics by integrating real-time performance metrics and stress indicators based on a human-centered design approach that aligns with end user needs, thereby laying the foundation for developing more effective and immersive training solutions for high-stress professions.</p>","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e57655"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality in Clinical Teaching and Diagnostics for Liver Surgery: Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Joshua Preibisch, Navid Tabriz, Maximilian Kaluschke, Dirk Weyhe, Verena Uslar","doi":"10.2196/60383","DOIUrl":"10.2196/60383","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Learning and applying anatomy are essential but are studied and done through 2D tools and imaging techniques. This study aims to verify the usefulness of an additional 3D technique and ensure an improvement in the visualization of anatomical structures and pathological findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The study aims to examine the usefulness of virtual reality (VR) technology as an additional tool in medical diagnostics. Groups of students, residents, and specialists in surgery, radiology, and internal medicine evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by answering a multiple-choice questionnaire. Subsequently, a virtual 3D display was used for processing. The questionnaire focused on topographical conditions and the transfer of academic knowledge into clinical application. The main objective was to determine anatomical understanding in a comparison between sectional image (2D) presentation and additional VR (3D) presentation, measured through correctly answered questions and processing time. The system usability scale (SUS) was integrated as another criterion for VR usability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The cross-over study assessed 63 participants regarding their knowledge of liver anatomy and pathologies based on an interindividual comparison. Group formation according to the respective level of medical training was as follows: students (n=35), residents (n=15), and specialists (n=13). Participants answered 25 multiple-choice questions first using sectional imaging (MRI) in a 2D environment (computer screen) and afterward with the respective segmented 3D model visualized in a VR simulation. The main criteria for the analyses were the number of correctly answered questions and processing time. A customized SUS was used to analyze VR usability. Missing data analysis showed that there were no accounted missing data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The rate of correct answers improved significantly with the additional use of VR (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;1,59&lt;/sub&gt;=314.376; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001). Using MRI, a significant difference was observed between students and residents (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.04) and between students and specialists (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001). In the VR condition, no significant differences between groups were found. In the MRI condition, significant differences in processing time were observed between students and specialists (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.02) and between residents and specialists (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.04). No differences existed between students and residents. With VR, processing time decreased significantly in all groups (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;1,59&lt;/sub&gt;=280.700; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001). Significant differences between students and specialists (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.02) and between students and residents (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.004) remained. No notable differences between residents and specialists (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.72) were found. The SUS showed a subjectively simplified answerability of the questions with additional use of VR. The usefulness and benefits for an additional use","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e60383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Executive Function Skills in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder via Immersive Virtual Reality Interventions: Scoping Review.","authors":"Asli Konaç, Maristella Bini, Naomi Fusco, Pierre Bourdin-Kreitz","doi":"10.2196/57225","DOIUrl":"10.2196/57225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This scoping review investigated immersive virtual reality (IVR) interventions for improving executive function skills of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify and closely inspect the characteristics of these interventions and provide a summary of key findings to guide researchers in their future investigations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and APA PsycInfo databases was carried out with restrictions of publication date (2000-2023) and language (English). The inclusion criteria were (1) research articles, excluding protocols, book chapters, reviews, and meta-analyses; (2) usage of IVR, excluding computer-based VR or augmented reality technologies; (3) aim of targeting executive function skills; (4) sample of children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD (with or without learning disorder comorbidity); and (5) intervention studies (quasi-experimental clinical trials and randomized controlled trials, excluding assessments). Finally, the characteristics of the studies were summarized and inspected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 2484 potential records. After a rigorous screening process, 6 articles (5 randomized controlled trials and 1 pilot study) were included. A certain heterogeneity in duration, designs of IVR interventions, and outcome measures were observed. All studies reported overall improvements in the attentional performances of children; however, only a few reported improvements in executive functions. In addition, a tendency toward integration of neurofeedback systems with IVR technologies was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Because of the specific objectives and related inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review, only a few interventions could be included and analyzed. Even though there seem to be promising applications of IVR for children and adolescents with ADHD, heterogeneity in intervention characteristics accompanied by observed overall high or serious risk of bias prevented the authors from making generalized conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e57225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cybersecurity and Privacy Issues in Extended Reality Health Care Applications: Scoping Review.","authors":"Kaitlyn Lake, Andrea Mc Kittrick, Mathilde Desselle, Antonio Padilha Lanari Bo, R Achintha M Abayasiri, Jennifer Fleming, Nilufar Baghaei, Dan Dongseong Kim","doi":"10.2196/59409","DOIUrl":"10.2196/59409","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Virtual reality (VR) is a type of extended reality (XR) technology that is seeing increasing adoption in health care. There is robust evidence articulating how consumer-grade VR presents significant cybersecurity and privacy risks due to the often ubiquitous and wide range of data collection and user monitoring, as well as the unique user impact of attacks due to the immersive nature of the technology. However, little is known about how these risks translate in the use of VR systems in health care settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of this scoping review is to identify potential cybersecurity risks associated with clinical XR systems, with a focus on VR, and potential mitigations for them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews), and publications were reviewed using Covidence software. The Google Scholar database was searched using the predefined search terms. The inclusion criteria of the articles were restricted to relevant primary studies published from 2017 to 2024. Furthermore, reviews, abstracts, viewpoints, opinion pieces, and low-quality studies were excluded. Additionally, data on publication statistics, topic, technology, cyber threats, and risk mitigation were extracted. These data were synthesized and analyzed using the STRIDE (spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, and elevation of privilege) framework, enterprise risk management framework, and National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework, as well as developing threat taxonomies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Google Scholar returned 482 articles that matched the search criteria. After title and abstract screening, 53 studies were extracted for a full-text review, of which 29 were included for analysis. Of these, the majority were published in the last 4 years and had a focus on VR. The greatest cyber threat identified to XR components was information disclosure followed by tampering when mapped against the STRIDE framework. The majority of risk mitigation strategies provide confidentiality and integrity and can potentially address these threats. Only 3 of 29 papers mention XR in the context of health care and none of the identified threats or mitigations have been studied in a clinical setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This scoping review identified privacy threats where personal and health-related data may be inferred from VR usage data, potentially breaching confidentiality, as the most significant threat posited for health care VR systems. Additionally, immersive manipulation threats were highlighted, which could potentially risk user safety when launched from a compromised VR system. Many potential mitigations were identified for these threats, but these mitigations must first be assessed for their effectiveness and su","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e59409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13202513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Predictive Factors of Attitudes Toward Peer-Supported Mental Health Interventions in the Metaverse: Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Francisco Nicolas Ramos, Rachel A Bernstein, Iony D Ezawa","doi":"10.2196/57990","DOIUrl":"10.2196/57990","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The metaverse is a promising avenue for accessible, effective digital mental health treatments. However, general attitudes toward peer-supported metaverse mental health interventions (MMHIs) remain largely unexplored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study examined the relation of sociodemographic, mental health, and technology factors in predicting attitudes toward MMHIs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used a mixed methods design with a self-report online survey (N=545 participants) to assess participant attitudes toward MMHIs and sociodemographic, mental health, and technology factors. Ordinal logistic regression was used to examine predictors of general interest in peer-supported MMHIs and binary logistic regression to examine predictors of preference for MMHIs versus face-to-face interventions. Inductive content analysis was performed on 483 open-ended responses regarding intervention preference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001), higher ethnic identity centrality (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.25-1.66; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001), more positive mental help-seeking attitudes (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.42; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.007), more online video game use (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.44; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.001), and greater virtual reality experience (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.28-1.90; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001) were associated with greater odds of reporting more interest in MMHIs. Internet access was associated with greater odds of reporting less interest in MMHIs (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.84; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.01). Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.13-2.90; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.01), older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.05; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001), higher ethnic identity centrality (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.51; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.003), smartphone access (OR 10.46, 95% CI 2.87-50.71; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001), higher self-reported video game use (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.48; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.01), and more positive computer attitudes (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.02) predicted greater odds of preference for MMHIs (versus face-to-face interventions), whereas the male gender (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.28-0.68; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001), internet access (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.40; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.002), more positive mental help-seeking attitudes (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.92; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.005), and moderately severe (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.51; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.001) and severe (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.79; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.02) levels of depression symptoms predicted lower odds of preference for MMHIs. Qualitative analysis revealed 14 themes describing reasons for intervention preference. Anonymity (133/483, 27.5%), social aversion (38/483, 7.9%), ease of use and accessibility (35/483, 7.2%), anxiety (28/483, 5.8%), and comfort (26/483, 5.4%) tended to be endorsed by those preferring MMHIs. Ecological validity of social interactions (99/483, 20.5%), ecological validity of interventions (75/483, 15.5%), aversion/distrust toward technology (42/483, 8.7%), impersonal quality (31/483, 6.4%), and immersion/engageme","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e57990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147966981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in Nursing Homes for People With Dementia: Feasibility Study to Assess Cognitive, Motor, and Emotional Responses.","authors":"Alexander Prinz, Dan Buerger, Jelena Krafft, Matteo Bergmann, Alexander Woll, Bettina Barisch-Fritz, Kerstin Witte","doi":"10.2196/54724","DOIUrl":"10.2196/54724","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Physical activity interventions for people with dementia have shown promising effects in improving cognition and physical function or slowing disease-related decline. Immersive virtual reality (iVR), using head-mounted displays, facilitates realistic experiences by blurring the boundaries between VR and the real world. The use of iVR for people with dementia offers the potential to increase active time and improve dementia therapy and care through exercise interventions. However, the feasibility of using VR use in people with dementia, considering changes in motor, cognitive, psychological, and physiological parameters, remains insufficiently investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using iVR in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment in nursing homes. Specifically, we examined changes in motor performance (balance and mobility), cognitive performance (global cognition and executive functions), emotional responses, and fear of falling using iVR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Utilizing a pre-post design, this study recruited 35 participants with mild-to-moderate dementia, assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants underwent a single session involving iVR exposure, with pre- and postexposure assessments and a feedback form, to exclude negative effects on cognitive and motor functions, mood, anxiety levels, and balance performance. The use of iVR involved 4 scenes, with a total length of 8 minutes. These scenes depicted a park with short and rather passive impressions presented as a 360° video in a head-mounted display. Before and after using the iVR, cognitive parameters were assessed using the Trail-Making Test A (TMT-A), motor parameters were assessed using the FICSIT-4 (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques-4) and Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) tests, and psychological parameters were assessed using the Dementia Mood Picture Test, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (Short FES-I). The Emotion Rating Scale and the duration of use were recorded during use, and a feedback questionnaire was completed afterward in addition to the posttests. Paired &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to examine pre-post differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 35 initial participants, 33 completed the study, which corresponds to a dropout rate of 6%. All 33 participants, who had a mean of 83.71 (SD 5.01) years, had dementia. They showed no statistically significant difference in cognitive and motor performance before and after iVR use. Thus, no negative effects on cognitive and motor functions, mood, anxiety levels, and balance performance were observed. The emotion rating scale also showed that 72% (n=24) felt joy and fun during iVR use, 100% (n=33) showed no emotions such as fear, sadness, or anger, and 93% (n=31) were attentive during iVR use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concl","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e54724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147966782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Phone-Based Personalized and Interactive Augmented Reality Pictorial Health Warnings for Enhancing a Brief Advice Model for Smoking Cessation: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ziqiu Guo, Yongda Wu, Man Ping Wang","doi":"10.2196/52893","DOIUrl":"10.2196/52893","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Augmented reality (AR) is a novel modality for promoting smoking cessation (SC). AR-visualized adverse consequences for education and smoking prevention have only been evaluated in nonsmokers in previous studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness for SC of AR pictorial health warnings (PHWs) on cigarette packs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial in adult daily smokers in communities in Hong Kong. All participants received AWARD (ask, warn, advise, referral, do-it-again) model-guided SC advice, a warning leaflet, and referral to SC services at baseline. Interactive, chat-based SC support comprising regular messages and real-time support was provided to all participants via instant messaging apps (eg, WhatsApp) for 3 months after randomization. Participants in the intervention group additionally received 6 links to the AR PHWs showing the worsening health status of various organs caused by smoking. The level of the AR PHWs was adjustable to smoking behaviors (ie, smoking duration or daily cigarette consumption) to increase interaction. Participants could swipe, drag, or rotate the 3D PHWs to reinforce their impression of the health consequences of smoking. The primary outcome was self-reported past 7-day point-prevalence abstinence (PPA) at 3 months. The acceptability of the AR intervention was assessed by the proportion of participants who had viewed AR PHWs during the intervention. Participants who viewed AR PHWs further evaluated the perceived effect of the AR PHWs on a scale of 0 (not helpful at all) to 10 (very helpful). Intention to treat was used, and the risk ratio (RR) of the intervention effect was estimated by Poisson regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;From April to November 2021, 80 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. Most participants were male (66/80, 83%) and planned to quit beyond 30 days or were undecided (65/80, 81%). The intervention group had a higher but nonsignificant 7-day PPA (7/40, 18% vs 5/40, 13%; RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.48-4.07) and quit attempts (15/40, 38% vs 11/40, 28%; RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.71-2.60) at 3 months than the control group. In the intervention group, 17 of 40 (43%) participants viewed the AR PHWs. The AR PHWs had modest effects on knowledge of the adverse consequences of smoking on personal health (mean score 3.94, SD 3.52), reducing the frequency of buying cigarettes (mean score 3.29, SD 3.08), increasing the perceived importance of quitting (mean score 3.88, SD 3.50), and making the PHWs more disgusting (mean score 3.41, SD 3.08) and horrible (mean score 3.38, SD 3.05). The 3-month self-reported 7-day PPA was higher in those who ever (vs never) viewed the AR PHWs (5/17, 29% vs 2/23, 9%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The mobile-based interactive AR PHWs were feasible, and the effectiveness on smoking abst","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e52893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147966984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Immersive Technology Use in Pediatric Health Care With Accessible, Context-Specific Training: Descriptive Feasibility Study.","authors":"Brian S K Li, Brendan Fereday, Ellen Wang, Samuel Rodriguez, Karin Forssell, André N Bollaert, Maria Menendez, Thomas J Caruso","doi":"10.2196/56447","DOIUrl":"10.2196/56447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immersive technology provides adjuncts for pediatric care. However, accessibility and inadequate training limit implementation of this technology. Standardized instruction with no-cost software licensing may improve health care professionals' facility with immersive technologies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This descriptive feasibility study aimed to examine the applications of immersive technologies in pediatric health care, including virtual reality (VR) and projectors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed immersive technology instructional guides for pediatric health care. The training guides were created for multiple software content and hardware types across several clinical scenarios. Content was available in print and digital versions. The primary outcome was technology use across sites with no-cost software agreements. The secondary outcome was the specific application types used at a single site, stratified by sessions and minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 19 licensed sites from January through June 2022. Among the 19 sites, 32% (n=6) used 10 or more VR units. Among the 6 sites that had projectors, half used 5 or more units. The mean minutes of use per month of all sites combined was 2199 (IQR 51-1058). Three sites had more than 10,000 minutes of total use during the 6-month review period. Secondary results indicated that active VR (977 total sessions) and passive projector streaming (1261 total sessions) were the most popular application types by session, while active projector (66,849 total minutes) and passive projector streaming (32,711 total minutes) were the most popular types when stratified by minutes of use. The active VR application with the most minutes of use was an application often used in physical therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Context-specific technological instruction coupled to no-cost licenses may increase access to immersive technology in pediatric health care settings<i>.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e56447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering and Creating the Leading Edge of Extended Reality and Spatial Computing: A Message From the Editor-in-Chief.","authors":"Lars Riedemann","doi":"10.2196/64545","DOIUrl":"10.2196/64545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We are pleased to introduce <i>JMIR XR and Spatial Computing</i>, a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing the integration of extended reality and spatial computing technologies into routine clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":521138,"journal":{"name":"JMIR XR and spatial computing","volume":"1 ","pages":"e64545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}