Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere最新文献

{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor as a new therapeutic option for treating anemia in feline chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Andreas Moritz, Natali Bettina Bauer","doi":"10.1055/a-2827-1221","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2827-1221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Anemia is a frequent complication in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), mainly due to decreased erythropoietin (EPO) production resulting from a loss of renal erythropoietin-producing (REP) cells. Anemia affects both survival and quality of life by inducing clinical signs such as lethargy and anorexia. Early detection of anemia by monitoring hematocrit/packed cell volume (Htc/PCV) trends is essential to initiate treatment before progressive renal damage limits therapeutic effectiveness. Molidustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), is a novel oral drug stimulating endogenous erythropoietin synthesis. However, treatment has to be started when REP cells are still functional, with PCV target ranges between 30-40%. Regular monitoring following the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines is essential to keep PCV within the target range and to determine when treatment should be started, stopped, or restarted. Moreover, monitoring the iron status is important since both functional and absolute iron deficiency might be seen in cats with CKD and can impair response to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":" ","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[New drugs for small animals in 2025].","authors":"Anika Lüttig, Christin Jana Kamutzki, Ilka Ute Emmerich","doi":"10.1055/a-2875-2161","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2875-2161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In 2025, 3 novel pharmaceutical agents for small animals were released on the German veterinary medicinal products market: the 2 Janus kinase inhibitors atinvicitinib and ilunocitinib for the treatment of pruritus associated with allergic or atopic dermatitis, and the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine for the adjunctive treatment of separation-related behavioral disorders. No active substance received an extension to additional animal species. New to the market for small animals are: 2 active substances (benazepril, pimobendan), each with a new dosage form; one active substance (meloxicam) with a new dosage form and content of active substance; 3 active substances (enflicoxib, milbemycin oxime+praziquantel, tramadol) with new content of active substance, a new combination of active substances (terbinafine+betamethasone acetate), and 2 active substances (metoclopramide, mirtazapine) with new package sizes. There were no new vaccines for small animals in 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 3","pages":"193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of factors influencing the quality of chest compressions in dogs using a realistic thorax model].","authors":"Jacob Schubert, Michaele Alef","doi":"10.1055/a-2854-5177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2854-5177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Subject and objective: </strong>The quality of chest compressions is crucial for the success of resuscitation. To date, there is limited veterinary medical evidence on this topic. The influence of the rescuer's position on the quality of resuscitation was investigated in order to determine the most effective approach.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Using a realistic thorax model equipped with an \"intracorporeal\" pressure sensor, 30 participants performed chest compressions for 5 minutes each in three scenarios (randomized order): in Scenario 1 kneeling beside the model; in Scenarios 2 and 3 standing at a table without (Scenario 2) or, according to preference, with one or two steps (Scenario 3). Compression pressure and rate were measured, and parameters of force decline were calculated. Demographic data and self-assessment regarding compression quality were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric methods; the significance level was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three of 90 trials (48%) were terminated by the participant before completion of 5 minutes. In Scenario 2, compressions were stopped significantly earlier after 107 s (±76) compared to Scenario 1 (165±55 s; p=0.009) and Scenario 3 (122±66 s; p=0.047). In Scenario 2, significantly lower compression pressures were achieved (median 54.8 mmHg; IQR 38.9-72.9) compared to Scenario 1 (64.8 mmHg; IQR 48.5-83.6) and Scenario 3 (73.7 mmHg; IQR 55.2-94.3). The significantly different mean compression rates indicated a tendency toward rates below the recommended range in Scenario 1 and above the recommended range (100-120/min) in Scenario 3. A decrease in compression pressure below its median (as a measure of fatigue) occurred after 90 s (±28) in Scenario 1 and after 70 s (±45) and 94 s (±49) in Scenarios 2 and 3, respectively. There was no or only weak correlation between self-assessed fatigue and compression quality and the measured parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standing at a treatment table without a step is less effective for performing chest compressions than standing with a step or kneeling on the floor. The marked decline in compression quality after 2-3 minutes and the inability to accurately assess one's own fatigue support current recommendations to switch the person performing compressions every 2 minutes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study supports the recommendations of the RECOVER guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 3","pages":"147-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[correction: New drugs for small animals in 2025].","authors":"Anika Lüttig, Christin Jana Kamutzki, Ilka Ute Emmerich","doi":"10.1055/a-2914-4142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2914-4142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 3","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Conservative management of macrodontic cheek teeth in 34 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)].","authors":"Karin Harder, Milena Thöle","doi":"10.1055/a-2773-8335","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2773-8335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic success of a conservative treatment approach for macrodontic molars in guinea pigs. To this end, longitudinal data from conservative management were analyzed and parameters of potential prognostic relevance were examined.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study includes 34 guinea pigs diagnosed with macrodontic molars for the first time at the veterinary clinic Posthausen between 2019 and 2025. Diagnosis was based on macroscopic, endoscopic and radiological findings, guided by morphological criteria described in the scientific literature for this pathology. Conservative management consisted of repeated occlusal corrections under general anesthesia, supplemented with analgesic medication and supportive feeding as needed. Procedures were repeated upon recurrence of tooth-related symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort showed a higher prevalence of neutered male animals (55,8%). Most macrodontic molars (73,7%) were located in the lower jaw and affected the last two tooth positions (70,2%). Multiple macrodontic teeth were initially diagnosed in 55,9% guinea pigs, with additional macrodonts appearing 260 days after the start of therapy in 2 animals. The number of dental trimmings performed ranged from 1 to 36, with intervals averaging 51 days, which shortened over the course of treatment. In 44,1% of guinea pigs, therapy was not continued after the first occlusal correction. Animals undergoing multiple procedures had a median survival time of 394 days. No significant correlation could be established between median survival time and the number of macrodontic teeth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the possibilities and limitations of a purely conservative management of macrodont molars.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 2","pages":"80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pseudotuberculosis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)].","authors":"Nico Habeck, Robert Klopfleisch, Florian Bartenschlager, Antina Lübke-Becker, Kerstin von Pückler, Kerstin Müller","doi":"10.1055/a-2773-8185","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2773-8185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A 5-year-old dwarf rabbit (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) with a body weight of 2.46 kg was presented due to acute inappetence, apathy, and diarrhea. The animal was housed outdoors with a companion rabbit in an enclosure with natural soil and an underground tunnel system. The general clinical examination revealed severe apathy, hypothermia (36.3°C), and increased abdominal respiration. Laboratory diagnostics showed a non-regenerative anemia as well as heterophilic and monocytic leukocytosis. Radiographic examination demonstrated hepatomegaly and loss of peritoneal detail. In addition to an enlargement of the liver and spleen, abdominal ultrasonography revealed multiple hypoechoic, round hepatic lesions, markedly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and free fluid. Furthermore, several masses within the uterus and a focal renal infarction in the craniodorsal region of the right renal cortex were noted. Computed tomography confirmed the ultrasonographic findings and additionally showed generalized thickening of the large intestinal walls. Due to the poor general condition and the diagnostic findings, the animal was euthanized at the owner's request and submitted for pathological examination. The main findings included lymphadenomegaly of multiple intestinal lymph nodes and multifocal necrotizing inflammation of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> was isolated from the spleen, leading to a diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis. This potential zoonosis has so far been documented in only one other case report in pet rabbits in the academic literature and should be considered a differential diagnosis in rabbits kept outdoors presenting with severe systemic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 2","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Abdominal ultrasound in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) - physiologic and important pathological findings].","authors":"Tina Brezina, Heike Karpenstein-Klumpp","doi":"10.1055/a-2773-7520","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2773-7520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Sonography is an important diagnostic tool in small mammal medicine, particularly in rabbits. Due to special anatomical characteristics in the rabbit, sonographic examination differs from that of dogs and cats. The selection of a suitable ultrasound transducer is essential - high-frequency linear transducers with a small contact surface are recommended. For the examination, the rabbit is positioned in dorsal recumbency on a soft surface; fixation of the hind limbs is usually not necessary.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The examination procedure is standardized, usually beginning with the urinary bladder, which is easily visualized and often contains corpuscular particles due to the rabbit's special calcium metabolism. A common condition is urolithiasis. This may result in both bladder sludge and calculi throughout the urinary tract, possibly leading to obstructions.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The female genital tract, including its cervix duplex and uterus duplex, is examined systematically. Important pathologies include endometrial hyperplasia and uterine adenocarcinoma, which are characterized by changes in the uterine wall and fluid accumulation in the organ´s lumen. Sonography plays an important role in early detection of these pathologies.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The adrenal glands and spleen may also be visualized sonographically. The latter is tongue-shaped and moderately echogenic. The pancreas is considered to be difficult to visualize but may be seen in certain areas. The liver is assessed sonographically as well; the caudate lobe is easily accessible. In cases of liver lobe torsion, sonography reveals changes in echogenicity and perfusion, often accompanied by free fluid and surrounding tissue reaction.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The gastrointestinal tract is not always fully visible and accessible due to gas and food content, but certain sections such as the stomach, duodenum, sacculus rotundus, and appendix can usually be clearly visualized. Sonographic features such as wall thickness and layering are used to assess these organs. An important disease of the gastrointestinal tract is appendicitis/sacculitis, which is characterized by a thickened wall and a fluid filled lumen.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 2","pages":"104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits - a retrospective evaluation of patient data].","authors":"Jean-Michel Hatt, Nathalie Spahni, Manuela Schnyder Gasparoli","doi":"10.1055/a-2773-7850","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2773-7850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Encephalitozoonosis is a widespread, common disease in rabbits that also bears significance as a potential zoonosis. The aim of the study is to analyse encephalitozoonosis in terms of diagnosis and treatment based on a retrospective evaluation of patient data.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>107 cases of rabbits with a suspected diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis presented at a university clinic between 2013 and 2022, were retrospectively evaluated. The cases were reviewed with regard to the form of encephalitozoonosis, husbandry, feeding, diagnosis, therapy and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The housing systems - indoor versus outdoor housing, individual versus group housing - and the recent integration of an animal into the group did not exert statistically significant effects as predisposing factors. Clinically, encephalitozoonosis manifested itself in the central nervous system in 63.6% (n=68) of cases. The average age of animals with the ocular form was significantly lower (p<0.001) at 23.7 months, and that of animals with the renal form was higher than the average age of the entire population of diseased animals examined, with a mean of 71.4 months. When comparing the outcomes of 84 rabbits, 29.8% (n=25) showed improvement, 44.0% (n=37) stabilised and 28.2% (n=22) died or had to be euthanised. The IgG titre was significantly more frequently elevated (>1:5120) in the deceased or euthanised rabbits, at 50.0% (n=6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>The present study found no influence of husbandry parameters with regard to encephalitozoonosis. There was a correlation between age and form of the disease. The detection of antibodies played a central role in diagnosis, but only allowed for a presumptive diagnosis. Fendendazole, analgesia, anti-inflammatory drugs and supportive measures were used for treatment. Such measures included a calm and stress-free environment and physiotherapy for the central nervous form, and ensuring hydration for the renal form. In around 70% of cases, an improvement or stabilisation of the condition was achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 2","pages":"70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neurological examination and neuroanatomical localization in companion rabbits - an important step for diagnosis].","authors":"Sina Feyer, Sabine Schulze","doi":"10.1055/a-2773-8724","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2773-8724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Neurological examination in pet rabbits aims at localizing lesions within the nervous system in order to determine differential diagnoses and appropriate further diagnostics. Due to species-specific behavior and anatomical differences, the standard examination protocol used in small animals requires modification. In 2 published studies involving clinically healthy pet rabbits, several neurological tests were found to be either non-applicable or to require adjustments. The examination includes the assessment of consciousness and behavior, posture, gait, cranial nerve function, postural reactions, as well as spinal reflexes. Certain tests, such as the menace response and some placing reactions of the hind limbs, were not consistently elicitable. Others, such as the wheelbarrow test, hemiwalking, and the righting response, were performed reliably. The systematic validation of neurological tests for the diagnosis of specific neurological disease in rabbits is still lacking to date. Neuroanatomical localization is therefore carried out in the same way as for dogs and cats. Paresis or paralysis and vestibular signs are the most common neurological signs in rabbits. Differentiation between upper (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions allows localization to specific spinal cord segments or to the neuromuscular structures. Common causes of paresis/paralysis include traumatic or inflammatory myelopathies. Vestibular signs require localization to the central or peripheral components of the vestibular system.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 2","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precardiac mass and femur fracture caused by multiple myeloma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo).","authors":"Michael Weber, Sandra Kunder, Lars Mundhenk, Kerstin von Pückler, Thomas Göbel, Kerstin Müller","doi":"10.1055/a-2811-9212","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2811-9212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A 5-year-old female spayed ferret was presented with lameness of the left hind limb and dyspnea. Five months earlier, the animal had been diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and an undifferentiated precardiac mass. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory examinations revealed a left femoral neck fracture, mild anemia, and hyperglobulinemia. Due to the poor general condition and unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized. Pathological examination identified the precardiac mass as multiple myeloma with dissemination to the mediastinum, spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The neoplastic plasma cells were immunohistochemically CD138-positive and CD3-/CD79a-negative. This case demonstrates that plasma cell neoplasms in ferrets can also present as precardiac masses and should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520818,"journal":{"name":"Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere","volume":"54 2","pages":"124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}