The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences最新文献

{"title":"Communication Partner Engagement: A Relevant Factor for Functional Outcomes in Speech-Language Therapy for Aphasic Dementia.","authors":"Emily Rogalski,&nbsp;Angela Roberts,&nbsp;Elizabeth Salley,&nbsp;Marie Saxon,&nbsp;Angela Fought,&nbsp;Marissa Esparza,&nbsp;Erin Blaze,&nbsp;Christina Coventry,&nbsp;Marek-Marsel Mesulam,&nbsp;Sandra Weintraub,&nbsp;Aimee Mooney,&nbsp;Becky Khayum,&nbsp;Alfred Rademaker","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous reports established the feasibility of a telehealth model for delivering speech-language therapy via Internet videoconferencing, which connects individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) to an expert speech and language pathologist for treatment. This study reports feasibility of the same telehealth intervention in a larger set of progressive aphasia participants and explores factors potentially influencing functional intervention outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with PPA or progressive aphasia in the context of a neurodegenerative dementia syndrome and their communication partners were enrolled into an 8-session intervention, with 3 evaluations (baseline, 2 months, and 6 months postenrollment). Half of the participants were randomized into a \"check-in\" group and received 3-monthly half-hour sessions postintervention. Mixed linear models with post hoc testing and percent change in area under the curve were used to examine communication confidence over time, as well as the influence of check-in sessions and the role of communication partner engagement on communication confidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Communication confidence improved at the 2-month evaluation and showed no significant decline at the 6-month evaluation. Item-level analysis revealed gains in communication confidence across multiple communication contexts. Gains and maintenance of communication confidence were only present for the engaged communication partner group and were not bolstered by randomization to the check-in group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Internet-based, person-centered interventions demonstrate promise as a model for delivering speech-language therapy to individuals living with PPA. Maintenance is possible for at least 6 months postenrollment and is better for those with engaged communication partners, which supports the use of dyadic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159055/pdf/gbab165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39421676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Sex and Gender in Aging and Alzheimer's Research: Results of a National Survey.","authors":"Shana D Stites,&nbsp;Hannah Cao,&nbsp;Kristin Harkins,&nbsp;Jason D Flatt","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Differences between men and women are common in published research on aging and Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD). What do these differences mean? To answer this, rigorous measurement is needed. We investigated current methods for measuring sex/gender in aging and AD/ADRD cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was sent to National Institute on Aging-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (n = 38) and investigator-initiated cohort studies (n = 38) to assess practices around enrollment of men and women and measurement of sex and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 65.8% (n = 50). All enrolled men and all but two investigator-initiated studies enrolled women. Most cohorts (43/50) had no documented definitions for categories of \"men\" or \"women.\" Over 85% of cohorts relied solely on self-report questions to capture sex/gender data (n = 43/50). Issues with administration were also identified (n = 7).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings identify gaps in current approaches used to measure sex and gender in aging and AD/ADRD research. We discuss opportunities to bridge these gaps and advance measurement of sex and gender in aging and AD/ADRD research. Changes are needed to ensure inclusion and representation of sociocultural diversity in research samples, and consistency in data collection in aging and AD/ADRD research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1005-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159066/pdf/gbab226.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39945453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Fertility History and Incident Dementia in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Alison Gemmill,&nbsp;Jordan Weiss","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>An emerging literature suggests that fertility history, which includes measures of parity and birth timing, may influence cognitive health in older ages, especially among women given their differential exposure to pregnancy and sex hormones. Yet, few studies have examined associations between measures of fertility history and incident dementia in population-based samples.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We examined the associations between parity, younger age at first birth, and older age at last birth with incident dementia over a 16-year period in a prospective sample of 15,361 men and women aged 51-100 years at baseline drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. We used Cox regression and the Fine and Gray model to obtain cause-specific hazard ratios (csHRs) and subdistribution hazard ratios for incident dementia from gender-stratified models, with the latter method accounting for the semicompeting risk of death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period (median 13.0 years), the crude incidence rate for dementia was 16.6 and 19.9 per 1,000 person-years for men and women, respectively. In crude models estimating csHRs, higher parity (vs parity 2) and younger age at first birth were associated with increased risk of dementia for both genders. These associations did not persist after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, and health conditions, with much of the attenuation in estimates occurring after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this population-based, multiethnic cohort, we observed limited evidence for an association between measures of fertility history and incident dementia among men and women after adjusting for potential confounders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1118-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39490033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Art Therapy and Cognition: Effects on People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Low Education Level.","authors":"Golden M Masika,&nbsp;Doris S F Yu,&nbsp;Polly W C Li,&nbsp;Diana T F Lee,&nbsp;Azan Nyundo","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of visual art therapy (VAT) on cognition, psychological and functional ability of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and low education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted among 127 older adults with MCI, mean age 73.6 years, and level of education in years, median (range) = 0 (0-9). The intervention group received 12 VAT sessions over 6 weeks. The control group received 6 health education sessions. The outcomes measures at baseline, immediately postintervention, at 3-month, and 6-month follow-up included global cognitive functions, depression, mental well-being, and instrumental activities of daily living functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group demonstrated greater improvement than the control group in global cognition (β = 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16, 3.97, p < .001, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.75) and depression (β = -2.01, 95% CI = -3.09, -0.93, p < .001, SMD = -0.93) immediately postintervention. The effects on cognitive functions were sustained at 3 and 6 months follow-up. The differential effect of VAT on mental well-being and functional ability compared to health education were undetectable.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>VAT can improve cognitive functions and mood status of older adults with MCI who have no or low education. Clinical Trials Registration Number: PACTR201901731800445. This trial was registered with Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: www.pactr.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39429501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Experience of Alzheimer's Disease Family Caregivers in a Latino Community: Expectations and Incongruences in Support Services.","authors":"Iveris L Martinez,&nbsp;Elaine Acosta Gonzalez,&nbsp;Caroline Quintero,&nbsp;Marsha Jenakovich Vania","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Current theoretical constructs on the utilization of formal support for Latino caregivers focus on familism and exclude the cultural values represented in the service system. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the experience of care for Latino family caregivers to persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We also examine the cultural congruence between provider perspectives with the expectations of Latino ADRD caregivers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted extended interviews with 24 Latino ADRD caregivers and 10 service providers. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study provides a deeper understanding of Latino caregiving experiences and highlights some of the structural and systematic issues in current systems of caregiver support. While Latino families have very specific notions of care, by upholding notions of familism, there is a tendency to not look deeper into how they may be better supported in caregiving and fall into the \"culture trap.\" The assumption that family should be the natural support network for older adults may lead to health and social systems of care to ignore the specific needs of the Latino population.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Services are being provided under a model that was established four decades ago and may not reflect current realities. The concept of \"an ethics of care\" allows us to move beyond familism and explain that underutilization of services may also be due in part to the cultural incongruence between what service providers offer and the perceived needs of Latino caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9159067/pdf/gbab170.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Children's Intergenerational Mobility and Older Adults' Self-Rated Health: A U.S.-China Comparison.","authors":"Yue Qin","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbac034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines whether and how adult children's educational mobility is associated with the self-rated health of older adults aged 50 and above in China and the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analytic sample included 12,445 Chinese respondents from the 2011 to 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and 17,121 US respondents from the 2010 to 2012 Health and Retirement Study. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between children's educational mobility and parents' self-rated health, and the Karlson-Holm-Breen-method was used for mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adult children's upward mobility was associated with their parents' better health in both countries. This association was mediated by child-to-parent economic support, as well as parents' social engagement and depressive symptoms in China; in the United States, parents' depression was the only significant mediator.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study is among the first to empirically show the benefit of adult children's upward mobility for their parents' health. The cross-national differences in the mediating paths suggest that the cross-over effect of children's intergenerational mobility on their parents' health is embedded within specific sociocultural contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1154-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39785933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advance Directive Completion Among Older American Couples: A Dyadic Perspective on the Role of Cognitive Function and Other Factors.","authors":"Peiyi Lu,&nbsp;Dexia Kong,&nbsp;Jeongeun Lee,&nbsp;Mack Shelley","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dyadic perspective is scarce in existing advance directive (AD) literature. Particularly, the significance of one's own and/or one's partner's cognitive function on AD remains unknown. This study investigates the relationship of cognitive function and other factors with AD completion within the spousal context.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from the Health and Retirement Study (2014-2015) were used. Older heterosexual couples (age ≥65) married for 10+ years were asked if they had a living will and/or appointed a durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC). Structural equation models examined the actor and partner effects of sociodemographic, health, and couple-level characteristics on wife's and husband's AD, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate spousal interdependence was observed in living will (kappa coefficient, κ = .60) and DPAHC (κ = .53). Older age and higher education were related to both spouses having AD. Less household wealth and being racial/ethnic minority were associated with a lower probability of having AD. Notable gender contrasts in actor and partner effects were found. Wife's higher level of cognitive function was associated with husband's AD completion. Contrarily, husband's lower level of cognitive function was associated with wife's AD completion. Retirement status had primarily actor effects for both husbands and wives. More chronic conditions were linked to husband's AD completion.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The spousal interdependence of AD warrants practitioner efforts to facilitate family-oriented end-of-life planning. Wives and husbands may have different thoughts regarding their spouse's cognitive capacity to surrogate. Facilitating couple-based discussions may be a feasible approach to promote engagement with AD among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1144-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38957216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways From Early-Life SES to Dementia Risk in Old Age: The Role of Personality.","authors":"Amanda A Sesker,&nbsp;Páraic S O'Súilleabháin,&nbsp;Ji Hyun Lee,&nbsp;Damaris Aschwanden,&nbsp;Martina Luchetti,&nbsp;Yannick Stephan,&nbsp;Antonio Terracciano,&nbsp;Angelina R Sutin","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigates the association between childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) and risk of cognitive impairment in older adulthood, and whether the Five-Factor Model personality traits mediated this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 9,995 participants (mean age = 67.01 years) from the Health and Retirement Study were followed up every 2 years from 2006 to 2018. cSES was tested as a predictor of risk of dementia and risk of cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND). Personality was tested as a mediator of these associations. Models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, race, education, and baseline year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although effect sizes were modest, results indicated that lower cSES was associated with a higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 0.88 [0.775-0.985]). Higher cSES was also associated with higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism. Conscientiousness and neuroticism each accounted for 7.9% of the total effect of cSES on dementia. Results were similar for CIND.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Early childhood socioeconomic factors may contribute to cognitive impairment in older adulthood, an association mediated, in part, through adult personality traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"850-859"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9071480/pdf/gbab159.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39369991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The Development of Life Goals Across the Adult Life Span.","authors":"Laura Buchinger,&nbsp;David Richter,&nbsp;Jutta Heckhausen","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbac046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbac046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"916"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40320418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Takes Two to Tango: Cognitive Impairment and Sexual Activity in Older Individuals and Dyads.","authors":"Linda J Waite,&nbsp;James Iveniuk,&nbsp;Ashwin Kotwal","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbab158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article examines the association between cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia (ED), and sexual activity in a large, longitudinal sample of community-dwelling older adults. We focus here on sexual activity, which includes both sexual activity with a partner and masturbation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 3,777 older individuals and members of 955 intimate dyads using the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2010 and 2015). We used ordered probit regression, cross-lagged panels models, and probit regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that older adults with cognitive limitations, either MCI or ED, are about as likely to be sexually active with a partner as those with normal cognitive function. This is the case both in the cross-section and longitudinally. Both men and women with ED are less likely to have masturbated, however. Among married and cohabiting couples, we find no association between cognitive impairment in either the husband, the wife, or in both partners and their joint sexual activity. Women whose measured cognitive function is lower than their husbands are less likely to report any masturbation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Sex with a partner, a fundamentally social activity, seems to be conserved in the face of cognitive limitation but masturbation, a solitary activity, does not. We argue that the intimate dyad plays an important role in conserving partnered sexual activity. Results can inform strategies to maintain the sexual well-being of older adults with cognitive impairment and their partners as part of overall strategies to improve quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":"992-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9071474/pdf/gbab158.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39369987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}